{"title":"Changes in the Skin Microbiome of a Patient with Head and Neck Cancer with Severe Radiodermatitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Nao Miyamae, Kazuhiro Ogai, Mao Kunimitsu, Shigefumi Okamoto, Masayuki Fujiwara, Makoto Nagai, Mayumi Okuwa, Makoto Oe","doi":"10.1159/000546634","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying the skin microbiome associated with severe radiodermatitis could lead to the development of preventive care strategies and early healing interventions, which are currently lacking. In this study, we investigated changes in the skin microbiome of a patient with head and neck cancer who developed severe radiodermatitis from the initiation of radiation therapy to the resolution of dermatitis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 82-year-old male underwent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin (69.96 Gy/33 fractions) for recurrent laryngeal cancer after a total laryngectomy. At baseline, <i>Cutibacterium</i> accounted for 64.3% of the skin microbiome and <i>Staphylococcus</i> for 23.2%. During the occurrence of moist desquamation associated with severe radiodermatitis, <i>Cutibacterium</i> decreased sharply to 0.2%, whereas <i>Staphylococcus</i> increased to 91.0%. Species-level analysis revealed that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was dominant at 50.6%, whereas <i>Staphylococcus hominis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> were identified at 0.4% and 1.7%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrated that changes in the skin microbiome occur during the progression of severe radiodermatitis. The reduction in <i>Cutibacterium</i> and overgrowth of <i>Staphylococcus</i>, particularly <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, suggest their involvement in the development of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"958-964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12263141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongjuan Li, Yanli Leng, Yan Gu, Yan Han, Yuqi Zhao, Guoyu Ding, Hongmei Wang
{"title":"Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Relapsed/Refractory Precursor B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Hongjuan Li, Yanli Leng, Yan Gu, Yan Han, Yuqi Zhao, Guoyu Ding, Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.1159/000546996","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Concomitant occurrence of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We diagnosed and treated a child presenting with NF1 and relapsed B-LBL and reviewed the relevant literature through the last 8 years. Stage IV precursor B-LBL with central nervous system 3 was identified in this patient, with pain and activity abnormalities in both lower limbs. NF1 was diagnosed based on physical examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, genetic testing, and family history. The patient relapsed after chemotherapy and was given blinatumomab. After 1 week of blinatumomab treatment, the lower limb pain was relieved. The child underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation after completing two sessions of blinatumomab therapy and is still disease-free to date.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this study will offer valuable empirical references for peers treating NF1 associated with refractory/relapsed B-LBL.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"994-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Survival for Locally Advanced Adenosquamous Carcinoma Colon Cancer in Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Abdulrahman Alotaibi","doi":"10.1159/000546931","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the colon is an exceedingly rare and aggressive subtype, with limited data available on long-term survival, particularly among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a 39-year-old male with a 9-year history of UC who experienced severe anemia and hematochezia. Imaging and histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of stage IIIB ASC of the right colon. The patient underwent total colectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX), ileoanal pouch reconstruction, and stoma closure. After 56 months of follow-up, he remains disease-free with good pouch function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the prognosis and the need for further research in UC-ASC subtype.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"988-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fatal Case of Infection-Induced Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in an Adult.","authors":"Lingyun Cui, Yi Guo","doi":"10.1159/000546973","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumor disorder caused by mutations in the <i>NF1</i> gene. It typically manifests in childhood with diverse clinical features, while adult-onset cases are relatively uncommon. In most instances, untreated neurofibromas pose minimal life-threatening risks even in the late stages of disease progression. However, severe multisystem complications may arise, leading to fatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 61-year-old male presented with a 2-month history of fever, abdominal pain, and bloating, which worsened over 4 days, accompanied by erythematous skin lesions and blisters. Despite multiple medical consultations and symptomatic treatment, his condition deteriorated, with recurrent fever and diarrhea. Upon admission to the emergency department, rapidly progressing skin lesions were noted. A preliminary diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, sepsis, and fixed drug eruption was considered, and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for further management. Comprehensive assessments, including thoracoabdominal CT imaging, microbiological testing, and skin lesion biopsy, were performed. Empirical antimicrobial therapy and supportive care were initiated, but microbiological tests remained negative. Histopathological examination of multiple skin biopsies confirmed neurofibromas. The patient experienced progressive enlargement of skin lesions, persistently elevated inflammatory markers, and rapid clinical deterioration, ultimately resulting in death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates a rare presentation of adult-onset NF1 with an aggressive disease course and a severe systemic inflammatory response. The rapid progression underscores the underestimated risk of critical complications and mortality in adult patients with NF1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"979-987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kaposi Sarcoma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy: A Case Report.","authors":"Karam Elsolh, Kevin Zbuk, Haroon Yousuf","doi":"10.1159/000545827","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kaposi sarcoma is a mesenchymal vascular tumor caused by human gammaherpesvirus 8. Kaposi sarcoma is typically associated with immunocompromise and HIV, and has a classical form seen in elderly men of Mediterranean or Eastern European ethnic origin. We herein present an atypical case of Kaposi sarcoma presenting as retroperitoneal adenopathy in an immunocompetent, non-Mediterranean patient.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A previously healthy 53-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain and was found to have isolated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy on abdominal imaging, later confirmed to be Kaposi sarcoma on biopsy. The patient presented without typical cutaneous findings of Kaposi sarcoma or any risk factors for the disease, including HIV, immunocompromise, or Mediterranean descent. The patient was referred to medical oncology and has had spontaneous regression of adenopathy in the absence of any treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our review of the case and of the literature demonstrates the many atypical ways in which KS can present. Our case highlights the importance of considering KS in the differential diagnosis for visceral lymphadenopathy in the absence of solid tumor pathology. Lastly, our case brings to light the variable clinical course of KS, which can range from minimal to explosive growth to spontaneous regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"900-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beta-Catenin Positive Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Pathological Fracture Treated with Neoadjuvant Denosumab Therapy for Visualizing Extraskeletal Lesions.","authors":"Itaru Ogawa, Yoichi Kaneuchi, Michiyuki Hakozaki, Shunsuke Sato, Takeo Suzuki, Shoki Yamada, Osamu Hasegawa, Takuya Nikaido, Yoshihiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1159/000546985","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are locally aggressive tumors that can induce pathological fractures. Previous reports suggest that denosumab induces intratumoral ossification in β-catenin positive GCTB. However, its effect on the complete resection of GCTB with extraskeletal lesions remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 45-year-old woman with a pathological fracture of the left distal femur was diagnosed with GCTB based on the biopsy findings, which revealed both H3.3 G34W and nuclear β-catenin positivity. Eight courses of neoadjuvant denosumab therapy were administered to visualize the extraskeletal lesions; subsequently, en bloc resection with megaprosthetic reconstruction was successfully performed. Pathological examination revealed intratumoral ossification without osteoclastic giant cells. Two years after the surgery, no evidence of local recurrence was recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neoadjuvant denosumab therapy is an effective approach for managing β-catenin positive GCTB with pathological fractures as it promotes intratumoral ossification and facilitates complete resection of GCTB, including extraskeletal lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"972-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derrick H Y Chong, Yvette Miller-Monthrope, Philip Doiron
{"title":"Spontaneously Regressing Penile Extramammary Paget Disease without Recurrence of Primary Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Derrick H Y Chong, Yvette Miller-Monthrope, Philip Doiron","doi":"10.1159/00054684","DOIUrl":"10.1159/00054684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondary extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy that typically manifests on apocrine-rich skin originating from an underlying adenocarcinoma. It has a low chance of further metastasizing and treatment is recommended.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of an 86-year-old man with a history of bladder carcinoma that was successfully treated and in remission for 4 years, who developed an asymptomatic rash on the glans penis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed secondary EMPD of urothelial origin. Cancer screening was negative and this was declared secondary EMPD without recurrence of primary malignancy. The patient declined surgical and pharmacologic treatment. After 1 year, the lesion spontaneously resolved with no recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondary EMPD can present without underlying malignancy and may spontaneously regress. This is a rare phenomenon and the mechanism is not yet known. We speculate that it may be related to adaptive immunity, local inflammation promoted by biopsy and that there was no underlying primary malignancy. Treatment decisions should be made in the context of thorough goals of care discussions. Further observation of this phenomenon is required to guide management plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"929-934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaya L Curtis, Elizabeth M Corley, Lee S Gottesdiener, Erika M Hissong, Alyson Kaplan, Lindsey E Roeker, Rosy Priya L Kodiyanplakkal
{"title":"Chronic Enterovirus Meningitis with Acute Hepatitis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Venetoclax/Obinutuzumab: A Case Report.","authors":"Kaya L Curtis, Elizabeth M Corley, Lee S Gottesdiener, Erika M Hissong, Alyson Kaplan, Lindsey E Roeker, Rosy Priya L Kodiyanplakkal","doi":"10.1159/000546868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enterovirus infection is typically asymptomatic with rapid host clearance. However, several cases of disseminated enterovirus infection in oncologic patients with obinutuzumab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia have been reported in the literature, the majority of whom developed symptoms while actively receiving obinutuzumab.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia, likely induced by obinutuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, found to have enterovirus meningitis and hepatitis, with elevated transaminases, headache, and relapsing fevers as primary manifestations of disease. This is the first reported case of a patient developing disseminated enterovirus infection 1 year after discontinuation of obinutuzumab course. After diagnosis, the patient was started on intravenous immune globulin therapy with improvement in symptoms and laboratory abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for enterovirus infection in venetoclax/obinutuzumab-treated oncologic patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms including cyclic fevers, headache, myalgias, and elevated liver function tests. Lumbar puncture should be conducted early in the presentation in patients reporting headache or other central nervous system symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1089-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid On-Site Cytologic Evaluation-Facilitated Diagnosis of Fibrin-Associated Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Right Atrial Fibrin Thrombus: A Case Report.","authors":"Kazuki Oga, Chiyuki Tagawa, Yuki Teramoto, Takuhito Ooe, Miho Saeki, Yasuhide Takeuchi, Masahiro Hirata, Hironori Haga","doi":"10.1159/000546869","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma (FA-LBCL) is a rare extranodal lymphoma confined to fibrin deposits within cardiovascular structures and other anatomically restricted spaces. Due to its non-mass-forming nature and nonspecific clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis remains challenging.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 47-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve repair and pacemaker implantation presented with a right atrial mass extending from the coronary sinus. A catheter-based biopsy with rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) revealed scattered large atypical lymphoid cells. Histology confirmed FA-LBCL, composed of CD20-positive cells with a high Ki-67 index (∼90%) and negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA. The disease was staged as IE, with no evidence of extracardiac involvement. Despite no myocardial invasion, the patient opted for six cycles of R-CHOP and remains disease-free 2 years post-diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic utility of ROSE in FA-LBCL, particularly in guiding sample adequacy and expediting ancillary studies. Given the focal and sparse distribution of neoplastic cells, early recognition through ROSE may prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary procedures. As EBV-negative FA-LBCL represents a distinct entity with evolving molecular insights, further research is warranted to delineate its pathogenesis and optimal management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"965-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Metachronous Hepatic Metastases Using Multimodality Treatment Including Pegylated Liposomal Irinotecan and Capecitabine: A Case Report.","authors":"Maroš Fremal, Mária Chedia","doi":"10.1159/000546328","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pegylated liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) has achieved a median overall survival of 6.1 months in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who progressed on gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. The case of a patient with considerable long-term survival on second-line nal-IRI-based therapy is presented.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 70-year-old male presented with weight loss and abdominal pain in July 2018, was diagnosed with stage IB PDAC (pT2, pN0, M0), and underwent successful R0 resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX (5-FU, LV, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) was given for 9 cycles between September 2018 and January 2019, and the patient remained recurrence-free until a computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue mesenteric infiltrations in July 2020. First-line palliative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine was initiated and continued until January 2022 when disease progression in the form of two metastatic hepatic lesions was observed. Second-line palliative chemotherapy with nal-IRI 129 mg on day 1 + capecitabine (CAP) 4,000 mg daily for the first 7 days of each 14-day cycle was initiated (due to previous 5-FU intolerance). Response (reduced oncomarkers) was observed, and treatment with nal-IRI + CAP continued, with liver-directed treatment in September 2023, until February 2024. During second-line therapy, side effects (mild diarrhoea) were infrequent and manageable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This patient achieved an extraordinary survival of 25 months with second-line treatment with nal-IRI + CAP. Nal-IRI-based therapy has the potential to provide long-term survival in the presence of favourable prognostic factors such as moderately elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9625,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Oncology","volume":"18 1","pages":"920-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}