Case Reports in Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Myocarditis Following Invasive Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> Infection: Important Differential Diagnostic Distinctions.","authors":"Jonathan M Oxman, Michael Bourne, David C Perlman, Nicholas Sells","doi":"10.1155/crdi/5349221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/5349221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonrheumatic streptococcal pharyngitis-associated myocarditis presents as acute myocarditis within days of Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> pharyngitis, typically resolving with antibiotics and minimal sequelae. It is thought to result from direct bacterial toxin injury rather than autoimmunity. Little epidemiologic data regarding its incidence and prevalence exist, and standardized diagnostic criteria are lacking. In contrast, acute rheumatic fever develops 2-4 weeks after a Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> pharyngitis and is autoimmune-mediated. Diagnosis is based on the revised Jones criteria, and only carditis leads to sequelae, including rheumatic heart disease. We report the case of a 21-year-old male, in a high-resource setting, with invasive Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> who developed carditis with mitral regurgitation and heart failure, for which nonrheumatic streptococcal pharyngitis-associated myocarditis and acute rheumatic fever with carditis were considered. This case highlights the need for clinical differentiation between, and further study of, both entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5349221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chorioamnionitis in the Second Trimester Secondary to Multidrug-Resistant <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Infection.","authors":"Karen S Carlson, Morgan Baker Korthals","doi":"10.1155/crdi/6256725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/6256725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (NTHi) is an emerging perinatal pathogen linked to chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, and early pregnancy loss. This case report describes the presentation, microbiologic findings, and management of second-trimester NTHi-associated chorioamnionitis, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and antimicrobial implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22-year-old woman at 22 weeks 3 days' gestation presented with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and vaginal bleeding. Evaluation included cervical examination and bedside ultrasound. Placental tissue was collected for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The hospital course, clinical interventions, and postpartum outcomes were recorded. A literature review of reported cases was conducted to contextualize the findings and inform management strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On admission, cervical dilation was 3 cm, and fetal heart tones were present. Ultrasound demonstrated anhydramnios. Maternal inflammatory markers were elevated, consistent with chorioamnionitis. Despite the use of antibiotics, spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred at 22 weeks 3 days, complicated by cord avulsion and manual placental extraction. Placental cultures grew NTHi resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate but susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Postpartum complications included retained products of conception requiring dilation and curettage. Reported cases similarly support ascending genital tract infection as the most likely source and demonstrate increasing antimicrobial resistance in pregnancy-associated isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NTHi represents an uncommon yet clinically important cause of second-trimester chorioamnionitis and early pregnancy loss. Clinicians should consider NTHi in cases of intrauterine infection when standard pathogens are not identified or when empiric antibiotic therapy fails. Early recognition, comprehensive microbiologic evaluation, and antibiotic selection guided by susceptibility patterns are essential to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. Rising antimicrobial resistance among NTHi strains underscores the need for continued surveillance and evidence-based management strategies in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6256725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical, Mediastinal, and Pericardial Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis: The Importance of Source Control.","authors":"Leah Grant, Seth Assar, Farhan Taghizadeh, Joann Hutto, Neil M Ampel","doi":"10.1155/crdi/3448219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/3448219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 47-year-old healthy man developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving his mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes that was complicated by pericardial involvement despite continued fluconazole for primary pulmonary infection. Although he subsequently received an aggressive antifungal regimen with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, he did not clinically improve until he underwent major debridement and drainage, highlighting the need for source-control procedures in some cases of severe disseminated coccidioidomycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3448219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper Jaw Mucormycosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Clinical Report.","authors":"Chloé Thepenier, Adélaïde Carlier, Louis Brochet, Emma Bach, Pierre Bouletreau, Andrea Varazzani","doi":"10.1155/crdi/8920048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/8920048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a rare but severe opportunistic infection, whose incidence has substantially increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It predominantly affects immunocompromised patients, individuals with diabetes, and those receiving corticosteroids. Standard treatment involves extensive debridement of affected tissue combined with prolonged antifungal therapy. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient with no identifiable risk factors who developed maxillary mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 illness. The condition responded favorably to minimal debridement and antifungal treatment. This case raises questions about the need for extensive debridement in immunocompetent patients without underlying risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8920048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Fever Turns Hemorrhagic in the Maldives: A Case Report of Dengue in a G6PD-Deficient Young Adult With Hemolysis and Rhabdomyolysis.","authors":"Rajib Dey, Gunjan Khadka, Thuhufa Ali, Su Su Htun, Ahmed Miqdhaadh, Nestor Arce, Wasin Matsee, Prakaykaew Charunwatthana, Hisham Imad","doi":"10.1155/crdi/2341390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/2341390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is endemic in the Maldives and remains a major public health concern in this small island nation of approximately half a million people. Genetic red blood cell disorders, particularly thalassemia, are common; however, the prevalence of other inherited disorders, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, remains poorly characterized. Despite this, sporadic cases of hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient individuals have been reported. The presence of G6PD deficiency may alter the clinical course of acute dengue infection, as illustrated in the case presented, and require careful management to prevent complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 22-year-old male presented with fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice, which rapidly progressed to include epistaxis and dark-colored urine. Laboratory findings revealed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated unconjugated bilirubin, markedly reduced G6PD activity, and elevated creatine kinase levels. While the dengue NS1 antigen test was positive during acute illness, follow-up serology at 8 months remained negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case depicts the potential for concurrent hemolysis and rhabdomyolysis in G6PD-deficient patients with dengue in endemic settings. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for these complications in patients presenting with fever and jaundice, as early recognition through vigilant clinical observation may influence management and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2341390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nebulized Liposomal Amphotericin B as an Alternative Therapy for an <i>Aspergillus</i> Tracheal Plaque.","authors":"Sofia Valdes-Camacho, Paola Gutierrez-Gallegos, Alanna Barrios-Ruiz, Bryan F Vaca-Cartagena, Alejandra Yu Lee-Mateus, Isabel Fernandez-Bussy, Kate L Walsh, Kelly S Robertson, Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, David Abia-Trujillo","doi":"10.1155/crdi/8467541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/8467541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) typically affects immunocompromised individuals; however, increasing cases in patients without traditional risk factors suggest evolving host susceptibility and predisposing airway pathology. We present a case of an <i>Aspergillus</i> tracheal plaque in a 68-year-old immunocompetent woman with atypical presentation. Due to adverse effects associated with systemic antifungal therapy, treatment was transitioned to nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB), resulting in complete plaque resolution without complications. This case highlights the potential role of nebulized LAmB as an alternative treatment for tracheal aspergillosis. Further studies are warranted to refine dosing and expand its clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8467541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningitis and Bacteremia Caused by <i>Streptococcus suis</i>: First Case Report in Colombia.","authors":"Sanchez P Santiago, Corredor N Luis, Peña T Carlos, Botero Z Victor, Rodriguez N Antonio","doi":"10.1155/crdi/4842782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/4842782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first documented instance of acute bacterial meningitis caused by <i>Streptococcus suis</i> in Colombia has been reported. A 69-year-old male resident of a rural area with a history of direct contact with pigs presented to the clinic with a persistent fever, severe headaches, and altered consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed neutrophilic pleocytosis, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein levels, and decreased glucose due to consumption. Initial culture and confirmation by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF identified <i>S. suis</i>, with an MLSB resistance profile and resistance to tetracyclines, but with sensitivity to beta-lactams, quinolones, and vancomycin. The patient received empirical treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and ampicillin, with favorable progress from the first 24 h, completing 10 days of guided therapy, restricted to ceftriaxone given the susceptibility profile on the antibiogram and its bioavailability in the central nervous system without immediate sequelae. This finding represents direct evidence of the presence of <i>S. suis</i> in humans in the country, raising the possibility of underdiagnosis associated with a lack of clinical suspicion and limitations in the microbiological capacity of local laboratories. The absence of classic meningeal signs in the clinical presentation underscores the necessity for a high index of suspicion, particularly in rural areas with exposure to pigs. Furthermore, the importance of considering this emerging zoonosis in the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is reinforced, given its potential to cause permanent neurosensory complications. The case study outlined in this text emphasizes the pressing need to reinforce epidemiological surveillance, expand diagnostic capacity, and enhance health personnel's awareness of this zoonotic pathogen in the region. These measures are crucial for enhancing early detection and optimizing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4842782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13042345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Case of Cutaneous <i>Nocardia cyriacigeorgica</i> Infection Assuming the Appearance of Shingles.","authors":"Jett Ramir, Denise Marie A Francisco","doi":"10.1155/crdi/6056961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/6056961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Nocardia</i> is an opportunistic organism that commonly infects the lungs of the immunocompromised and can cause disseminated infections. Diagnosis of <i>Nocardia cyriacigeorgica</i> is through culture and susceptibilities, aided by 16S rRNA sequencing. We report a case of a shingles-like rash eruption due to <i>Nocardia cyriacigeorgica</i> in a 69-year-old patient with a history of bilateral lung transplant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6056961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Viral Recovery to Autoimmunity: A Case Report of Rheumatoid Arthritis Emergence After COVID-19.","authors":"Tatsuki Tsuruga, Hajime Fujimoto, Toshiyuki Ito, Atsushi Tomaru, Haruko Saiki, Taro Yasuma, Corina N D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Esteban C Gabazza, Tetsu Kobayashi","doi":"10.1155/crdi/9577787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/9577787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A woman in her 50s contracted Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially presenting with mild symptoms, and managed conservatively. However, she developed a persistent low-grade fever and insidious joint pain for 1 month, prompting further evaluation. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, leading to hospitalization for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Despite a 2-week course of ceftriaxone and azithromycin, her condition remained unchanged. Postadmission testing revealed elevated rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, and matrix metalloproteinase-3, suggesting an inflammatory or autoimmune process. Given concerns for immune-mediated inflammation, she was treated with high-dose methylprednisolone. With pneumonia improvement, she was discharged on oral prednisolone (PSL) (20 mg/day) with a planned taper. Her joint symptoms resolved, and anti-CCP antibody levels normalized during steroid therapy. However, upon PSL tapering and discontinuation, her joint pain recurred, and anti-CCP antibodies became positive again. A rheumatology consultation confirmed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This case provides rare longitudinal documentation of dynamic anti-CCP antibody changes that paralleled clinical disease activity, illustrating the progression from postviral reactive arthritis to classifiable RA. It underscores COVID-19's potential to trigger autoimmune dysregulation and highlights the need for long-term follow-up with serial autoantibody monitoring in patients with persistent musculoskeletal symptoms after infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9577787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>-Associated Acute Cerebellar Ataxia and Possible Encephalopathy After Intravenous Immunoglobulin.","authors":"Kathleen Ruff, Miltiadis Douvoyiannis","doi":"10.1155/crdi/2971853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/2971853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (<i>M. pneumoniae</i>) can cause acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia and encephalitis/encephalopathy. Although ataxia can be self-limited, prolonged duration of symptoms and long-term neurological sequelae that persist for months or more are associated with both conditions. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested in the pathogenesis, but it seems that immune-mediated damage plays a pivotal role. In this report, two children with community-acquired pneumonia developed acute cerebellar ataxia (one with possible encephalopathy) associated with serologically confirmed <i>M. pneumoniae,</i> after having received antibiotics effective against <i>M. pneumoniae</i>. They improved rapidly after the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), without any sequelae. The exact role of immunomodulatory treatment such as IVIG in decreasing the severity and duration of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> acute cerebellar ataxia and encephalitis/encephalopathy and the criteria for administration need to be further studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2971853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12971603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}