Case Reports in Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"<i>Aspergillus</i> Tracheobronchitis With Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in a Patient With Well-Controlled HIV Infection.","authors":"Ekachai Singhatiraj, Korsin Tiengburanatarm, Krit Pongpirul","doi":"10.1155/crdi/9748358","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crdi/9748358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Aspergillus</i> tracheobronchitis (AT) is an uncommon yet severe form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with a notably low incidence among individuals living with HIV infection-accounting for merely 4.5% (7 out of 156 cases) in recent reviews. The advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly altered the landscape of opportunistic infections in HIV, rendering conditions like AT rare in well-controlled cases. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present the case of a woman in her mid-20s with well-managed HIV infection who experienced a 4-week history of fever and dyspnea. Diagnostic procedures, including bronchoscopy, revealed granulation tissue obstructing her right main bronchus. Cultures confirmed infection with <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, leading to a diagnosis of AT. Despite initial positive response to voriconazole treatment, the patient developed severe hemoptysis and unfortunately succumbed to the complication. <b>Conclusion:</b> This case underscores the critical need for healthcare providers to consider AT in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in HIV-positive patients, even when HIV is well-controlled with ART. Early recognition and prompt antifungal therapy are essential for improving outcomes. Clinicians should remain vigilant for severe complications like hemoptysis, which can occur despite appropriate therapy. This report highlights the ongoing necessity for vigilance and proactive intervention in the care of individuals living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9748358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Potential Therapeutic Effect of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills in Treating Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19: Case Report.","authors":"Li Sun, Nannan Li, Huilin Li, Qingshan Zhang, Shuai Bao, Xiaolu Li","doi":"10.1155/crdi/4713552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/4713552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome (PASC-CVS) refers to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular symptoms that manifest four weeks or more after infection with COVID-19, which cannot be diagnosed as cardiovascular disease through standard examinations. Common symptoms include exercise intolerance and tachycardia, alongside persistent issues such as chest pain, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. PASC-CVS significantly affects patients' quality of life; however, effective treatments for this condition are currently lacking. In this report, we present two cases of PASC-CVS patients who experienced well-controlled cardiovascular symptoms following treatment with Suxiao Jiuxin Pills. Our findings may offer a novel approach to the clinical management of PASC-CVS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4713552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Saprochaete capitata</i> Infection in Teen With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Echinocandin Prophylaxis.","authors":"Jordan Killingsworth, Rachel Boren, Rachna Sheth, Michael L Chang","doi":"10.1155/crdi/4459447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/4459447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of a 15-year-old with refractory and relapsed AML and profound prolonged neutropenia who developed a <i>Saprochaete capitata</i> disseminated invasive infection while on echinocandin prophylaxis for invasive fungal disease. Azole antifungal therapies, which are often used as prophylaxis, were initially avoided due to concerns for CYP drug interactions. Treatment with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and adjuvant granulocyte transfusions was successful as he awaited neutrophil recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4459447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Cases of Leptospirosis: Insights From Georgia.","authors":"Arash Ghani Dehkordi, Salah Rabea Salah Al-Tamary, Ashraf Rabea Salah Al-Tamary, Hamza Rabea Salah Al-Tamary, Shams Samih Ahmad Albarari, Alaaldin Mohammad Zeyad Assad, Ghena Mohammad Othman Hamdan, Ia Mikadze","doi":"10.1155/2024/1414417","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1414417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> species are the source of leptospirosis, a common zoonotic infection that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, from minor flu-like symptoms to severe multiorgan failure. We present two peculiar cases of leptospirosis; they highlight the need for clinical awareness to improve patient outcomes and further knowledge of leptospirosis epidemiology and therapy by illuminating the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The first case involved a 30-year-old male presented with jaundice. Although he had no history of chronic illnesses, an exhaustive investigation was warranted due to his recent travel history and occupational contact. Laboratory tests revealed significantly increased levels of AST and ALT and positive <i>Leptospira</i> IgM serology. Remarkably, the patient refuted the traditional theory of leptospirosis transmission by denying direct animal interaction. After starting therapy with dexamethasone initially and adding doxycycline later, the patient's condition significantly improved; his jaundice resolved and his liver enzyme levels returned to normal. An outpatient follow-up after discharge was advised to assess liver and kidney function. The second case involved an 87-year-old woman with a fever, weakness and hypertension. Investigations revealed hepatosplenomegaly, raising the possibility of hypersplenism. She reported exposure to animals, particularly her dogs in her urban house. Surprisingly, her AST and ALT levels were normal. Lab tests also revealed thrombocytopoenia with normal APTT and prolonged PT. Serological tests indicated positive <i>Leptospira</i> IgM. Along with intravenous infusions, the patient's treatment plan comprised dexamethasone, enalapril and ceftriaxone to treat inflammation, hypertension and bacterial infection, respectively. Following a 20-day hospital stay, the patient's laboratory results and symptoms improved, leading to her discharge. Continuous follow-up recommended to monitor her recovery and prevent recurrence. These case studies emphasise the significance of taking leptospirosis into account when treating patients who do not have normal exposure histories yet present with unusual symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1414417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory HIV-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome Responsive to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Sean Coyle, Ian Sutherland Cormack","doi":"10.1155/crdi/7292001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/crdi/7292001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyneuropathy commonly preceded by infection, with growing recognition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a trigger. We present a case of a 44-year-old male with HIV-associated GBS refractory to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, who achieved remission upon starting highly active antireroviral therapy (HAART). There remains a lack of consensus on the management of this condition across the spectrum of disease, and the interplay between the therapeutic options is poorly understood. This report aims to add to the current body of knowledge on this rare condition and highlight the need for retrospective analysis of the currently available literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7292001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Dissemination Presenting With Encephalopathy and Epidural Abscess.","authors":"Dhriti Sundar Das, Anupam Dey, Gurudip Das, Suprava Naik","doi":"10.1155/crdi/6889110","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crdi/6889110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Staphylococcal infection is a common bacterial disease with common clinical features. Untreated infection, especially in immunosenescence cases, can affect other organs. This can lead to multiorgan dysfunction and cause increased morbidity and mortality. Unlike commonly presented features of pneumonia, dissemination of infection can pose diagnostic and therapeutic enigma. Therefore, any such presentation in common clinical practice can yield a conundrum of diagnoses. <b>Case Report:</b> A 69-year-old elderly male presented to the Emergency Department with acute onset encephalopathy. Historically, cues were limited, and evaluation was negated for acute cerebrovascular event or seizure. Laboratory findings were suggestive of a severe sepsis. While clinical medicine workup and diagnostic dilemma were ongoing, possible sources of the sepsis were thoroughly sought including range of infectious causes. This patient's presentation was one of its kind: staphylococcal bacteremia seeding to cause pneumonia and unusual epidural abscess in due course of illness. <b>Conclusion:</b> The health outcome of the critically ill especially elderly patients depends mostly on the importance of clinical medicine to address the diagnostic enigma and virtue of supportive care delivered. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections are capable of developing distant infectious foci, as highlighted in this case, and that the clinician should be alert to this possibility. This particular case firmly posits an admonition for clinicians and the importance of clinical medicine for critical reasoning to improve the patient outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6889110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioembolic Stroke Due to Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammad Nasser Affas, Yamane Chawa, Mohammad Salem Khalil, Sham Alkodmani","doi":"10.1155/2024/5581547","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5581547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embolic stroke due to prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> is a rare and serious complication. Successful management requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches. We present a case full of complexities in diagnosing and managing <i>Candida</i> PVE, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. A 50 year-old male presented to the emergency department with vertigo and low-grade fever and was found to have cerebellar stroke likely from the cardioembolic origin, and the patient had a history of uncontrolled diabetes and double prosthetic valves. The diagnosis was challenging and required transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) which showed two vegetations attached to the mitral valve prosthesis. The management involved antifungal therapy, but surgery was hindered by financial issues. The patient was considered for the AngioVac vegetation aspiration system due to persistent fungemia. Eventually, surgery was not performed, and the patient was discharged with a plan for long-term suppressive antifungal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5581547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Rhodococcus equi</i>, an Unusual Human Pathogen That Causes Cavitating Pneumonia in Patients With AIDS.","authors":"J Vandersnickt, Pee J Van, S Vandamme, C Kenyon, E Florence, S Van Ierssel, E Vlieghe, C Theunissen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5570186","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5570186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhodococcus equi</i> is a rare human opportunistic pathogen that has been increasingly reported in recent decades. It mainly affects immunosuppressed patients, and in particular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, where it typically presents as cavitary pneumonia. Early treatment with combined and effective antimicrobials and antiretroviral therapy after prompt diagnosis is essential to ensure an optimal outcome. We present a case series of three human <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> infections in HIV-infected patients with advanced immune suppression, treated at the University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5570186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broviac Catheter-Related Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis Complicated With Massive Aortic Regurgitation Requiring Emergency Surgery: A Case Report.","authors":"Małgorzata Wilawer, Waldemar Elikowski, Natalia Fertała, Arkadiusz Włodarski, Patryk Szczęśniewski, Paulina Anna Ratajska, Paweł Bugajski","doi":"10.1155/2024/1093820","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1093820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Broviac catheter is a type of central venous catheter (CVC) used for long-term parenteral nutrition in specific patients, e.g., diagnosed with intestinal failure as short bowel syndrome (SBS). The way of the catheter insertion is conceived to minimalize the risk of infections. However, CVC-related blood stream infections (CVC-BSIs), including infective endocarditis (IE), remain most important complications associated with Broviac catheter. <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> stands out as a prevalent pathogen. The increasing number of CVCs results in an increased incidence of healthcare-associated IE. Complete parenteral treatment is an independent risk that increases the likelihood of IE. Treatment of IE is mainly based on antibiotic therapy, but in certain cases, surgical treatment is needed. <b>Presentation of Case:</b> A 71-year-old female with SBS who had been receiving total parenteral nutrition through the Broviac catheter for several months was admitted in a serious condition with significant weakness, increasing shortness of breath, deteriorating cough, fever, low blood pressure, and heart palpitations. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic valve IE with a large, longitudinal, highly mobile vegetation (up to 40 mm) and massive aortic regurgitation with pulmonary edema. Fast pathogen detection in the patients' blood (<i>S. epidermidis</i>) was obtained using PCR-based multiplex test. Due to life-threatening conditions, emergency surgery with aortic valve replacement was performed. Consistent rehabilitation resulted in good condition achievement. Follow-up echocardiography showed normal function of the aortic valve bioprosthesis. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of CVC, including Broviac catheter, is associated with an increased risk of infections, including IE. Treatment-resistant severe HF complicating IE requires emergency surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1093820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Uncommon Manifestation of a Great Imitator: Gummatous Syphilis of the Liver in an HIV-Positive Patient.","authors":"Nadia Solomon, Tom Heller, Tommaso Manciulli, Paola Del Giacomo, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Enrico Brunetti, Francesco Taccari","doi":"10.1155/2024/6571155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6571155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by <i>Treponema pallidum</i>. It progresses in phases and undiagnosed disease can cause considerable morbidity. Tertiary syphilis causes the formation of gummas. Liver involvement is rarely described and usually limited to transaminase elevation during primary syphilis. We present a case of tertiary syphilis in an HIV patient. Microbiological, clinical, and radiological information were retrieved from the patient's record. Gummatous syphilis is rarely described in the literature, and practicing physicians should be aware of its existence and include this manifestation in the differential diagnosis of patients with a positive serology and focal liver lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9608,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6571155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}