{"title":"[21st National Medical Center's Specialties Hospital: 60 years at the forefront of medicine in Mexico].","authors":"Natividad Neri-Muñoz","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10814249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>21st Century National Medical Center's Specialties Hospital from the Instituto Nacional del Seguro Social (IMSS, Mexican Institute for Social Security) was inaugurated in 1963 and up until this day it maintains three fundamental pillars: care, teaching, and scientific research. The hospital has 429 hospital beds, 80 consultation rooms, 19 operating rooms, 30 medical specialties made up of more than 800 resident doctors, in addition to 8 research units. As a form of recognizing more than 60 years of history, our hospital presents a series of research articles on current topics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 suppl 2","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elmer Vázquez-Cruz, Jorge Alonso Garay-Ortega, Aleida Bautista-Santos, Rosalba Moreno-Alcántar
{"title":"[Gastrointestinal manifestations and liver disorders in patients with COVID-19].","authors":"Elmer Vázquez-Cruz, Jorge Alonso Garay-Ortega, Aleida Bautista-Santos, Rosalba Moreno-Alcántar","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10814332","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.10814332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, where the first cases of pneumonia were described. The infection spread rapidly and was established as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. In Mexico, the first cases were in March 2020. Although the classic symptoms are respiratory, gastrointestinal symptoms have been described in 17%, as well as hepatic disorders associated with pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the gastrointestinal manifestations and hepatic alterations in patients with COVID-19 from July 2020 to January 2021 in a tertiary-care hospital.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Clinical, cross-sectional, prolective, observational, analytical study, which included patients of 18 years or older hospitalized with COVID-19, confirmed by PCR for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>84 patients were included, 65% male (55). Mean age was of 59 (± 13.3) years. Reported comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (51%), type 2 diabetes (38%), and obesity (26%). The predominant pattern was hepatocellular with elevation of AST (38) 45%, ALT (36)42%, GGT (30) 34% and FA (11) 13%. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was 71% (60/84), with diarrhea being the most frequent 53% (4 bowel movements/day) and dysgeusia (36.9%). There were 12 patients (10.02%) who presented diarrhea as the initial symptom with respiratory complications 5-7 days later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations occurred in 71% of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 suppl 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Risk assessment for complications and stone free status in percutaneous nephrolithotomy].","authors":"Jorge Moreno-Palacios, Efraín Maldonado-Alcaraz, Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz, Romina Vega-Hermosillo, Virgilio Augusto López-Sámano","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10814377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the first line treatment for kidney stones with a diameter > 2 cm. The available scores for measuring success in this procedure only consider the free stone status, without considering the complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present a new prognostic stratification system to predict treatment failure in PNL.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Historic cohort in which prognostic factors and failure as residual stone with or without complication were identified. A bivariate analysis was performed using the numeric variables and with the use of conjunctive consolidation a prognostic stratification system was developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 595 cases were included, out of which 73% concluded with free stone status and 12% developed major complications. 66% fulfilled the proposed success definition. In the first conjunct consolidation, a positive urine culture and a complex stone were identified as risk factors; after making one more conjunction with another stratum, the severe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was also identified as a risk factor. Finally, an operating time ≥ 120 minutes was added as an intraoperative factor that increases risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The variables positive urine culture, severe CCI, complex stone and prolonged operating time are associated with major complications and residual stone. The proposed score is a simple and predictive tool that can be used in daily practice, given that it includes 3 pre-operative variables. The treatment success or failure rate of the score can be applied in the selection of patients ongoing PNL.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 suppl 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niels H Wacher, Rita A Gómez-Díaz, Adriana L Valdez-González, Ximena Duque-López, Segundo Morán-Villota, Rafael Mondragón-González, Miguel Cruz-López, Víctor H Borja-Aburto
{"title":"[Predictive factors for MASLD in type 2 diabetes: 1 year follow-up study].","authors":"Niels H Wacher, Rita A Gómez-Díaz, Adriana L Valdez-González, Ximena Duque-López, Segundo Morán-Villota, Rafael Mondragón-González, Miguel Cruz-López, Víctor H Borja-Aburto","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10814344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been proposed the current nomenclature for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) as a general term to encompass the various etiologies of steatosis and to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictors of the incidence of MASLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary care at a one-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Prospective cohort study including patients (n = 5143) with ≤ 15 years from diagnosis of T2D, treated at primary care units in Mexico City and metropolitan area. At baseline and at one-year follow-up were measured: anthropometry, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, creatinine, lipid profile and hepatic markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Lipidic Accumulation Product (LAP) were calculated. MASLD was considered as cases with abnormal ALT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 1449 (28.2%) patients presented MASLD. The HSI and LAP indices were higher in MASLD. Age at diagnosis and time of exposure to T2D were inversely associated with MASLD, and directly proportional to body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and HbA1c. Of the cases with MASLD at baseline, 452 (38.8%) reverted to normal and 712 (61.2%) persisted after follow-up. ORs for MASLD were 1.86 and 1.88 for HbA1c and WC, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of HSI, LAP and screening with HbA1c and WC are useful to identify MASLD in patients with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 suppl 2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Organizational culture: The influence of leadership in improving institutional health processes].","authors":"Montserrat Legorreta-Rojas, Ulises Trejo-Amador","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12668107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevailing administrative and managing culture of health services in Mexico is questionable. The people in charge of health systems and medical units of the 3 levels of care, also called leaders, by making decisions with little or no preparation and also weak information systems, forcefully nullify any pretensions to making better quality decisions, all of which affects both the user population, and health personnel. If these leaders are improvised, emergent or simply do not have the required preparation, they make it difficult to achieve objectives or goals or they even do not have an organizational climate that favors teamwork. Currently there is a discussion about types of leadership and their characteristics. The COVID-19 pandemic showed us that leaders face challenges and they must be prepared to make objective decisions that benefit both the worker and the population; they must be capable of facing new challenges that allow them to grow and prosper among their collaborators and consequently all the staff. There are some differences in public and private institutions, but leadership is applied in both cases with its particularities. Currently, the delivery of courses, workshops and even postgraduate degrees on issues of leadership and organizational climate provide tools to strengthen these people.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josafath Alan Huerta-Rojas, Gabriela Bravo-de la Rosa, Jesús Texis-Ramírez, Itari Teresa Reyes-Tobón
{"title":"[Events attributable to Vaxzevria vaccine in pregnant women from a first-level hospital in Puebla].","authors":"Josafath Alan Huerta-Rojas, Gabriela Bravo-de la Rosa, Jesús Texis-Ramírez, Itari Teresa Reyes-Tobón","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12667969","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.12667969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. This disease had a high mortality rate and turned into a pandemic, which is why it was considered a severe public health problem. In this context, pregnant patients were a vulnerable group and, consequently, an effective vaccine was necessary.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To categorize the events attributable to the application of Vaxzevria vaccine in pregnant patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study carried out at No. 55 Family Medicine Unit in Puebla, Puebla. 300 patients between 15 and 44 years of age who received the first dose of Vaxzevria vaccine were included. The Format of Notification of Events Presumably Attributable to Vaccination was reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most representative general symptoms were headache in 44.3%; fever in 30.7%; asthenia and adynamia in 19.3%; adynamia in 19%, and limitation of movement in 3%. Concerning local symptoms and signs, 23% presented localized pain on the site where the vaccine was administered. Finally, regarding systemic symptoms, 21.7% had arthralgias and 20.7% myalgias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The symptoms and signs were of less severity for pregnant patients, and resolved in a few days, which is why it was safe the administration of Vaxzevria vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maritza García-Espinosa, Abisaí Montaño-Martínez, María de la Caridad Carranco-Salinas, Germán Maytorena-Córdova, Israel Bravo-Pérez, Felipe Caldiño-Soto
{"title":"[Abdominal ectopic pregnancy: case report and review of the literature].","authors":"Maritza García-Espinosa, Abisaí Montaño-Martínez, María de la Caridad Carranco-Salinas, Germán Maytorena-Córdova, Israel Bravo-Pérez, Felipe Caldiño-Soto","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12668180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal ectopic pregnancy is a rare complication with high maternal and perinatal morbimortality. The objective was to present the multidisciplinary management of an advanced abdominal ectopic pregnancy associated with COVID-19, and a review of the literature.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>33-year-old multiparous patient with an abdominal ectopic pregnancy of 34 weeks, diagnosed by ultrasound at 27 weeks. 6 days prior to admission she started with diffuse abdominal pain. She was referred with positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, without respiratory symptoms. CT scan reported probable infiltration of bowel loops, bladder roof and right ureter. Abdominal ultrasound corroborated the diagnosis and showed absence of involvement of iliac and ureteral vessels. MRI reported vascular contribution of the placental bed dependent on the right iliac artery and distal branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a live fetus in the abdominal cavity with a ruptured amnion, weight 2385 g, Apgar 5/8; placenta with implantation in the broad ligament, salpinges, ovary, bladder roof, infundibulopelvic ligament and appendix. A total abdominal hysterectomy was performed with right salpingo-oophorectomy, left salpingectomy and appendectomy. The total bleeding was of 3000 mL and there was a favorable post-surgical evolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abdominal ectopic pregnancy represents a challenge in obstetrics. Offering a multidisciplinary management allows to have a favorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Alfredo Villanueva-Duque, Isis Carolina Castro-Valdés, Nancy García-Cervantes
{"title":"[Obstetric-gynecological and social factors for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia].","authors":"José Alfredo Villanueva-Duque, Isis Carolina Castro-Valdés, Nancy García-Cervantes","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12667984.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12667984.","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) precedes cervical cancer and it is associated with risk factors that can be identified in the population, which contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify associated risk factors for the development of CIN in women attended at the first level of care.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted in women in the 2020-2022 period. Frequencies and means were obtained. For the differences, chi-squared and Student's t were used. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained to assess the risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ORs were determined in the group of women with CIN II/CIN III, obtaining risks of almost twice the risk factors analyzed compared to the CIN I group, which had the same factors. When analyzed by age groups < or > 40 years, significant associations were determined in the factors of parity, first cytology in life and positive for smoking. In the group < 40 years and with CIN II/III significant risks were determined in age at first pregnancy < 18 (OR 8.33), first cytology in life (OR 3.77), positive for smoking (OR 3.0), sexual intercourse initiation (SII) before 18 years of age (OR 3.1) and parity (OR 1.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results obtained, sexual and reproductive behavioral factors are of high risk for the development of CIN.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonzalo Israel Gutiérrez-Díaz, Ricardo Israel Durán-Alcalá
{"title":"[Incidental finding of cardiac myxoma in a patient with bradyarrhythmia].","authors":"Gonzalo Israel Gutiérrez-Díaz, Ricardo Israel Durán-Alcalá","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12668207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac tumors have a low incidence in general population, and its clinical presentation varies so much. The aim of this clinical case report is to highlight the importance and utility of ultrasound and echocardiogram in the emergency department as a tool for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>60-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department because of dyspnea, dizziness, and weakness. At his arrival he was found with 35 bpm, and a junctional bradycardia was confirmed. We decided to implant a temporary transvenous pacemaker with the aid of ultrasound and echocardiogram guidance, finding an intracardiac left atrium mass compatible with a myxoma. The patient was admitted to the cardiology ward, with no remission of the bradycardia. The arrhythmia persisted, which is why the patient underwent the resection of the cardiac tumor along with an implant of a permanent epicardial DDDR pacemaker. The patient was discharged home after a few days with no complications, and he was doing well after a 30-day follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnosis of cardiac tumors is sometimes obtained as an incidental finding with image diagnostic tests. In our case, the use of ultrasound in our emergency department as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool led us to document the cardiac tumor of our patient since his arrival to the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto Joel Tirado-Reyes, Noemí Huape-Abad, Nancy Irene Simental-Gómez, Sylvia Yuridia Mascareño-Castro, Dulce Samantha Ortiz-Fonseca, María Rosario Isabel Robles-Rosas
{"title":"[Validity of visual inspection with acetic acid versus cervical cytology].","authors":"Roberto Joel Tirado-Reyes, Noemí Huape-Abad, Nancy Irene Simental-Gómez, Sylvia Yuridia Mascareño-Castro, Dulce Samantha Ortiz-Fonseca, María Rosario Isabel Robles-Rosas","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12667963","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.12667963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precancerous lesions, conditions associated with exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), threaten women's health at different stages of life, from adolescence to old age. It has been observed that a low-cost strategy, such as visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), reveals cervical lesions, while establishing interventions that allow modifying the course of the disease, thus improving women's quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the validity of VIA in comparison with cervical cytology for the detection of precancerous lesions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic. The sample consisted of 638 participants. Data were collected with a data collection form and analyzed quantitatively with the SPSS software. The study complied with the provisions of the General Health Law on Research in Mexico and was approved by the local research committee of the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS, according to its initials in Spanish).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VIA compared with cervical cytology showed a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 47%, a negative predictive value of 99%, a positive post-test probability of 97%, and a concordance of 61%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VIA showed an acceptable sensitivity and can be used as a screening test in conjunction with cytology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94200,"journal":{"name":"Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","volume":"62 5","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}