[Multiple sclerosis and the Epstein-Barr Virus: Current perspectives on their pathogenic mechanisms].

Luis Felipe Hernández-Salomón
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Abstract

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the world's population and is implicated in various diseases, including lymphoproliferative and neoplastic disorders. Recently, evidence has suggested a strong association between EBV and multiple sclerosis (MS). Although EBV infection is common, only a minority of carriers develop MS, indicating the influence of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms through which EBV might influence the development of MS. One mechanism discussed is molecular mimicry, where the similarity between EBV viral antigens and central nervous system proteins could induce a cross-reactive autoimmune response. Additionally, the mechanisms by which EBV evades the immune response are reviewed, including the expression of proteins such as EBNA1 and EBNA2, which interfere with the function of T and NK cells. Genetic factors, such as the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, a principal risk factor for MS, are also reviewed. This allele acts as a co-receptor facilitating the infection of B cells by EBV, which could explain the increased susceptibility to MS in individuals with this allele. Furthermore, EBV may alter the epigenetic regulation of genes associated with MS, affecting the expression of key genes in immune response and inflammation. Finally, immunotherapies targeting EBV, such as those based on cytotoxic T lymphocytes, are discussed.

[多发性硬化症和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒:目前对其致病机制的看法]。
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)是一种疱疹病毒,感染了世界上90%以上的人口,并与多种疾病有关,包括淋巴细胞增生性疾病和肿瘤疾病。最近,有证据表明EBV与多发性硬化症(MS)之间有很强的联系。虽然EBV感染是常见的,但只有少数携带者发展为MS,这表明遗传和环境因素在发病机制中的影响。本文综述了EBV影响ms发展的分子机制,其中一种机制是分子模仿,EBV病毒抗原与中枢神经系统蛋白的相似性可诱导交叉反应性自身免疫反应。此外,本文还回顾了EBV逃避免疫应答的机制,包括EBNA1和EBNA2等蛋白的表达,它们干扰T细胞和NK细胞的功能。遗传因素,如HLA-DRB1*15:01等位基因,MS的主要危险因素,也进行了审查。该等位基因作为辅助受体,促进eb病毒感染B细胞,这可以解释携带该等位基因的个体对MS的易感性增加。此外,EBV可能改变MS相关基因的表观遗传调控,影响免疫反应和炎症关键基因的表达。最后,讨论了针对EBV的免疫疗法,如基于细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的免疫疗法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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