[CAR-T cells in Dermatology: Mechanisms of action and applications in autoimmune diseases].

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies and are expanding into autoimmune rheumatological diseases. In dermatology, they open a new therapeutic field for autoimmune disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of CAR-T cells in autoimmune dermatological diseases, exploring the challenges and future perspectives for their clinical application.

Material and methods: A thorough review was conducted in PubMed of preclinical and clinical studies on the application of CAR-T in dermatological diseases, selecting articles from the last 5 years with a focus on autoimmune diseases.

Results: The potential of CAR-T cells in autoimmune dermatological diseases is highlighted, such as in pemphigus vulgaris, where CAR-T cells targeting pathogenic anti-Dsg3 B cells have shown efficacy. In cutaneous lupus erythematosus, CAR-T cells directed at CD19 have achieved significant clinical remissions. Additionally, applications in psoriasis and melanoma are explored, although efficacy is limited by adverse factors.

Conclusions: CAR-T therapy represents a promising option for the management of refractory dermatological diseases, with favorable results in preclinical and clinical models. However, its clinical implementation faces challenges such as optimizing safety and reducing off-target effects. Future research should focus on next-generation CARs and clinical trials that validate their efficacy and safety profile in dermatology.