Phytochemistry Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.: a critical review on current progress in traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological aspects and toxicity","authors":"Manabendu Barman,&nbsp;Anuva Barman,&nbsp;Sanjib Ray","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09934-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09934-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Clerodendrum inerme</i> (L.) Gaertn., commonly known as garden quinine, is a perennial shrub that belongs to the <i>Lamiaceae</i> family. It has been extensively used in various traditional medicinal practices to treat ailments such as rheumatic pain, arthritis, scrofulous, venereal disease, skin diseases, wounds, fever, cough, dysentery, and more. This review aims to critically examine a comprehensive compilation of recent research on <i>C. inerme</i>, encompassing its botanical characteristics, ethnomedical applications, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity, and toxicological data, in order to provide insights and inspiration for future research, promote further development, and facilitate the rational application of <i>C. inerme.</i> Nearly 95 chemical constituents belonging to different classes have been isolated from <i>C. inerme</i>, including diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, lignans, iridoid and megastigmane glycosides. Notably, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids are the main bioactive substances that have been extensively studied and demonstrated the most significant bioactivity. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that the extract of <i>C. inerme</i> exhibits a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, insecticidal, antifeedant, neuroprotective, anti-motor tic, and so on, which are closely connected to its numerous ethnomedicinal applications. Nevertheless, some literature have reported the toxicity of <i>C. inerme</i>. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further in-depth studies encompassing toxicology, as well as preclinical and clinical research, to ascertain the safety and efficacy of <i>C. inerme</i> for medicinal purposes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"1675 - 1736"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140562720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular approaches to prevent UV-induced premature skin aging: focus on phytochemicals as photo-protectants","authors":"Iva D. Stoykova,&nbsp;Ivanka K. Koycheva,&nbsp;Biser K. Binev,&nbsp;Liliya V. Mihaylova,&nbsp;Milen I. Georgiev","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09952-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09952-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) leads to premature aging of the skin, with external manifestations of unsightly scars and internal molecular dysregulations that significantly reduce the protective function of the skin and increase the risk of cancer development. Photoprotection through daily application of sunscreen product is widely recommended to avoid UV-induced skin photodamage and to minimaze the risk for dermal malignancies. However, the environmental hazard that is a consequence of the use of traditional sunscreen products drives the increased interest in the investigation of alternative UVR blockers. Due to their structural diversity, modulation of multiple molecular mechanisms, and favorable safety profile, natural plant-derived compounds have become attractive candidates for skin photoaging prevention. This review summarizes the critical aspects of skin photoaging, from its pathological characteristics and current photoprotective options to the specific molecular players that emerge as therapeutic targets. Special emphasis has been placed on phytochemicals targeting the molecular hallmarks of UV-induced skin aging. The potential of plant molecules to control oxidative stress, inflammation, photo-senescence, DNA damage, extracellular matrix components degradation, and to manage different types of UV-trigerred cell death has been highlighted. Summarizing the molecular signalling pathways responsible for the photoprotective action of plant-derived molecules may provide meaningful outlook for development of new effective therapeutics options for prevention of skin photoaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"119 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the chemotherapeutic potential and therapeutic insight of phloretin against human malignancies: a systematic review","authors":"Md. Sohel,&nbsp;Nishat Ulfat Nity,&nbsp;Md. Rifat Sarker,&nbsp;Md. Rezoan Hossain,&nbsp;K. M. Tanjida Islam,&nbsp;Ahona Rahman,&nbsp;Partha Biswas,&nbsp;Mohammad Nurul Amin,&nbsp;Zitu Barman,&nbsp;Md. Mahmudul Hasan,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mamun","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09938-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09938-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><b>T</b>he search of alternative therapeutic agents for the use  of cancer patients has dramatically expanded. Natural products are especially in focus since their structures already function in nature and are more likely to be potent with fewer side effects. Phloretin is a natural product that has been studied for a wide variety of pharmacological actions against human malignancies. This systematic review aims to present up-to-date critical and comprehensive information on the anti-cancer ability of Phloretin with all associated molecular and cellular mechanisms in various forms of cancers. Data retrieved according to PRISMA guidelines from Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus searching servers by using keywords including Phloretin, cancer name, synergistic, resistance and Pharmacokinetics property was analyzed via some in silico tools. This systematic review comprised 127 articles from different types of study, where Phloretin is hypothesized to be effective against 20 various forms of cancer. Phloretin has been found to inhibit cancer initiation and progression by modulating many imbalanced signalling pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, glucose absorption, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and many other pathways. This wide range of activity may be due to the structural targeting of numerous proteins including, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Bad, caspase, cyclins (B1, D1, E) and CDKs (4, 6,7) p18, p21, p27, p53, MMP-2, MMP- 8, MMP-9, Wnt/-catenin, PARP, TNF-α, NF-κB, IκB kinase, IL-1β, TNF-α, phospho-Akt, phosphor-p65, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, p-mTOR. The introduction of nano-technology-based strategies can improve the efficacy of Phloretin for cancer treatment. Existing evidence shows that Phloretin has synergistic effects with other natural compounds and conventional drugs, and this mechanism assists in reversing the resistance of anticancer drugs by regulating resistance-related proteins. However, Phloretin possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties with  low toxicity in the human body by in silico methods. Therefore, Phloretin could be a potential anti-cancer drug against numerous cancer treatment by mitigating it's toxic effect and enhancing efficacy using nano-technology-based strategies. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"1775 - 1803"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical trials of Cydonia oblonga","authors":"Tuba,&nbsp;Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,&nbsp;Gulzar Muhammad,&nbsp;Muhammad Arshad Raza,&nbsp;Adnan Ashraf,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir Haseeb,&nbsp;Muhammad Mushtaq,&nbsp;Zahid Shafiq","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09946-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09946-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cydonia oblonga</i> M. (Quince), a deciduous shrub from the family <i>Rosaceae</i>, has been recognized in the last decade mainly because of its potential to prevent/cure cancer, high cholesterol, blood sugar, chronic stress, peptic ulcer, liver injuries, asthma, and various fertility disorders. Several metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polyphenols, carotenoids, lignans, stilbenes, triterpenoids, procyanidins, glycosides, and organic acids, have been identified as the major phytochemical components. Different parts of <i>C. oblonga</i> are known to demonstrate a broad spectrum of biological activities against numerous microbial infections, free radicals-mediated damages, cancer cells proliferation, lipid profile dysfunction, glucose metabolism disorder, lethal oxalocalcic kidney stones, hydatid cysts of protoscolices, and inflammatory diseases. In preclinical trials, neuro-protective, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities and protective effects on hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular tissue alteration, endocrine disruption, cardiotoxicity, depression, and blood pressure have been investigated for the valuable plant. The clinical studies explore the plant's potential to treat reproductive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders and support using <i>C. oblonga</i> as a new herbal medicine. However, additional research is needed to unravel its intricate action mechanisms, evaluate safe dosing strategies, identify any adverse effects, and validate its pharmacological effects in a broad population over a longer timeframe before approving it as a new herbal treatment. In conclusion, the review presents detailed analyses of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical trials of <i>C</i>. <i>oblonga</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"85 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular targeting of constituents of commonly used spices and its molecular interactions in endothelial dysfunction: A review","authors":"Pronay Mandal,&nbsp;S. K. Kanthlal","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09939-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09939-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelial function, is critical in developing cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that certain constituents of commonly used spices potentially mitigate endothelial dysfunction. This review summarizes the current literature on the constituents of commonly used spices and their molecular interactions in endothelial system. We first provide an overview of physiological significance as well as dysfunction of endothelium and its role in cardiovascular diseases, including the mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The physiological significance such as, regulation of thrombosis and fibrinolysis, preventing atherosclerosis and neo-angiogenesis, were discussed. Various spices reported to possess vascular-targeting properties, including curcumin from turmeric, allicin from garlic, gingerol from ginger, piperine from black pepper, quercetin from onion, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde from cinnamon etc. were discussed. We highlight the molecular interactions of these spice constituents with endothelial cells, including their effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and NO bioavailability. Evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies reveals that, spice constituents modulate various signaling pathways and enhance NO bioavailability, which collectively contribute to their potential beneficial effects on endothelial function. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms including reduced expression of ICAM, VCAM, and selectin, inhibition of NF-κB activation and translocation, and decreased ROS and H₂O₂ levels. In conclusion, the constituents of commonly used spices, such as (allicin, curcumin, quercetin, gingerol etc.) promises a novel approach for modulating endothelial function in vascular disorders. Further research in this area may provide valuable insights into the potential use of these spice constituents as complementary or alternative therapies for cardiovascular diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"1805 - 1834"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in natural compounds for cancer therapy and prevention","authors":"R. Pavithra,&nbsp;Mohammad Rashid Khan,&nbsp;Mohd Shahanbaj Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09940-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09940-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even after a century of substantial advancements in oncology medicines, cancer still ranks as one of the top causes of death worldwide. As a result, there is an ongoing and pressing need for the development of new cancer drugs. Natural compounds and their semi-synthetic derivatives continue to show promise as potential therapeutic leads, due to their high chemical diversity, biochemical specificity, significant molecular activities, and pharmacological properties. They serve as excellent starting points for the discovery of new drugs, inspiring new breakthroughs in biology, chemistry, and medicine. In recent years, scientists have made significant advancements in the development of naturally occurring or partly synthesized analogues with improved bioactivity, simpler synthetic targets and reduced toxicity. This review aims to summarize the importance and biological actions of natural compounds identified form plants and their role in prevention of cancer treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"1835 - 1859"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and their role in the regulation of autophagy and cellular function","authors":"Paola Maycotte,&nbsp;Marcelo Illanes,&nbsp;Diego A. Moreno","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09944-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09944-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autophagy is a cellular degradation process important for the maintenance of cytoplasmic integrity which can be upregulated in response to stress which is active in eukaryotic cells. Promotion of autophagy has been related to lifespan expansion, tumor suppression and the maintenance of metabolic health. Also, alterations in this pathway have been related to human diseases or pathological states including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, metabolic alterations, or cancer. Extensive research on the effects of natural products on autophagy has been made, with a particular focus on phenolic compounds. However, plant nitrogen-containing specialized metabolites have recently acquired great importance due to their potential therapeutic uses. Among these, glucosinolates (GSL), a group of thioglucosides and their bioactive metabolites, isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles, are known to modulate cellular processes important for disease treatment and prevention. These compounds are almost exclusive of cruciferous foods (Brassicas), including broccoli, cabbages, radishes, kale, mustards, rocket salad or arugula, wasabi, and so on. The cruciferous vegetables are widely distributed worldwide and highly consumed in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Due to the important role of autophagy as a cellular homeostatic maintenance process, and its alterations in pathological states, we reviewed the recent evidence relating the effects of GSL metabolites and their role as modulators of autophagy. The potential to modulate this process is crucial for the maintenance of human health and to treat highly prevalent diseases where autophagy is involved, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic disorders, or cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"49 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aldoximes: compounds at the crossroads of multiple metabolic pathways in plant","authors":"Doosan Shin,&nbsp;Veronica C. Perez,&nbsp;Jeongim Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09950-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09950-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aldoximes are amino acid-derivatives well recognized as precursors of defense compounds, such as glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides. However, recent studies have elucidated the multifaceted roles of aldoximes in plant survival beyond defense, as they exert influence over multiple metabolic pathways, including auxin biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Aldoxime accumulation affects the homeostasis of auxin, an essential plant hormone that controls almost every aspect of plant growth and development. While auxin biosynthesis primarily occurs through the conserved TAA/YUC pathway, tryptophan-derived aldoxime and phenylalanine-derived aldoxime also serve as precursors of two major auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA), respectively. Notably, this conversion process is not limited to Brassicales and is present in monocots like maize and sorghum. Furthermore, in Brassicales, the accumulation of aldoximes derived from aliphatic and aromatic amino acids represses the phenylpropanoid pathway that produces an array of specialized metabolites crucial for plant survival. These novel findings extend beyond the conventional understanding of aldoximes and shed light on their intricate involvement in enhancing plant fitness. In this review, we discuss the role of aldoximes as precursors for auxins and their inhibitory effect on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We also explore the mechanisms by which aldoximes influence these metabolic pathways. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of plant biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"37 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asclepiadoideae subfamily (Apocynaceae): ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemophenetics based on pregnane glycosides","authors":"Thalisson Amorim de Souza,&nbsp;Francisca Sabrina Vieira Lins,&nbsp;Jociano da Silva Lins,&nbsp;Alan Ferreira Alves,&nbsp;Samuel Paulo Cibulski,&nbsp;Brito Thiago de Araújo Medeiros,&nbsp;Lucas Silva Abreu,&nbsp;Luciana Scotti,&nbsp;Marcus Tullius Scotti,&nbsp;Marcelo Sobral da Silva,&nbsp;Josean Fechine Tavares","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09914-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09914-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Apocynaceae, one of the largest plant families with over 5.100 widely distributed species, serves as a significant model for evolutionary and biochemical studies. Within this family, compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids with potential therapeutic activities have been isolated. Among its subfamilies, Asclepiadoideae is recognized as a rich source of C₂₁ pregnane derivatives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of pregnane glycosides (PG) obtained from Asclepiadoideae, employing an interdisciplinary approach that combines chemophenetics with neural network data analysis to identify promising species and bioactive compounds. A dataset comprising 660 unique PGs and 705 botanical occurrences was compiled for this purpose. The ethnopharmacological aspects, as well as the extraction, isolation, and biological activity of PGs, were analyzed and discussed. Chemophenetic analysis using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and phylogeny reconstruction revealed similarities between the Marsdenia-Ceropegiae tribes and highlighted the occurrence of seco and diseco pregnane types predominantly within the Asclepiadeae tribe. Both scaffolds exhibited intriguing structural features, and their derivatives have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on these compounds and their medicinal plant sources.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 4","pages":"1027 - 1063"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrients and polyphenols-rich Sorghum bicolor genotypes as complementary therapy for Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Rasheed A. Abdulraheem,&nbsp;Ralph N. Martins,&nbsp;Prashant Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Li,&nbsp;Ranil Coorey,&nbsp;Stuart Johnson,&nbsp;W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando","doi":"10.1007/s11101-024-09942-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-024-09942-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and most common cause of dementia among older people. The main pathological hallmarks of AD are formation of insoluble amyloid beta senile plaques and paired helical filaments of neurofibrillary tangles. AD features gradual memory decline, mild to severe cognitive impairment, eventually total dependence of patients on caregivers. Currently available drugs have not been able to modify AD pathology. This has drawn increasing attention to plant food materials with high nutritional and bioactive constituents as potential complementary therapy for AD. <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> is a widely available cost-effective source of proteins, fats, crude fibres, biopeptides and polyphenols which are vital for human wellbeing. This review discussed the major mechanisms underlying AD pathology. The nutritional and bioactive constituents of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> grains were extensively described. There is limited report on anti-AD activities of sorghum grains. Therefore, the pharmacological mechanisms of action including scavenging of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of oxidative stress, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and modulation of mitophagy were only speculated. This comprehensive update suggests more robust innovative studies that will provide critical theoretical details necessary to promote utilization of sorghum grains as functional food or source of bioactive molecules for AD therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"1889 - 1912"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11101-024-09942-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}