Optical and Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Photonic circuit of arbitrary non-unitary systems","authors":"Hussein Talib,&nbsp;Phillip D. Sewell,&nbsp;Ana Vukovic,&nbsp;Sendy Phang","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07957-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07957-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A design framework to implement non-unitary input–output operations to a practical unitary photonic integrated circuit is described. This is achieved by utilising the cosine-sine decomposition to recover the unitarity of the original operation. The recovered unitary operation is decomposed into fundamental unitary building blocks, forming a photonic integrated circuit network based on directional couplers and waveguide phase shifters. The individual building blocks are designed and optimised by three-dimensional full-wave simulations and scaled up using a circuit approach. The paper investigates the scalability and robustness of the design approach. Our study demonstrates that the proposed approach of performing unitary matrix completion can be applied to any arbitrary matrices. This design approach allows for implementation of non-unitary operations to perform various linear functions in neuromorphic photonics for computing, sensing, signal processing and communications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-024-07957-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easily extendable frequency tunable superwideband MIMO antenna for terahertz applications","authors":"Swati Gaur,&nbsp;Sarthak Singhal,&nbsp;Mohammad Salim","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07979-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07979-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An ultrathin tunable antenna element and its multiport configurations for superwideband multiple input multiple output applications are proposed in this paper. The antenna element geometry includes an annular ring-shaped monopole radiator, two ear-shaped ellipses, and a defected partial ground plane. A graphene sheet is placed at the antenna's back side to improve the lower frequency and to achieve tunability. It has an overall volume of 25 × 25 × 1.6 μm³ while operating over a frequency spectrum of 2.3–&gt; 80 THz with a peak realized gain of ~ 12.5 dB with stable radiation patterns. Two-port MIMO configurations (spatial diversity and pattern diversity) with overall volume of 25 × 56.25 × 1.6 μm³ while operating from 0.9 THz to &gt; 80 THz and 2.02 THz to &gt; 80 THz respectively are also analyzed. In addition to this, the extended versions of the spatial diversity configuration to four and six element spatial diversity MIMO configurations with dimensions of 25 × 118.75 μm² and 25 × 181.25 μm² respectively are also analyzed. All MIMO configurations exhibit isolation &gt; 15 dB at maximum frequencies, ECC &lt; 0.035, CCL &lt; 0.4b/s/Hz, MEG ~ − 3 dB and TARC &lt; − 10 dB without utilizing any isolation technique. Due to their super wide operational bandwidth, these antenna topologies are ideal for a wide range of applications, such as Industry 4.0, 6G, and ultrathin devices/systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving free space optics performance using QC-LDPC codes and simplified bit flipping decoding in low visibility conditions","authors":"Lina Marlina,&nbsp;Brian Pamukti,&nbsp;Shien-Kuei Liaw,&nbsp;Pei-Jun Lee,&nbsp;Hiroki Kishikawa","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-08018-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-08018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, free space optics (FSO) is the most promising technology for achieving high data transfer over short to medium or even long distances. Thus, FSO provides wireless line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity in the unlicensed spectrum and can be a high-bandwidth wireless alternative in contrast to fiber optic cabling. Moreover, the FSO offers rapid assembly times and significant cost savings. However, atmospheric weather (e.g., fog, rain, and snow) can degrade the FSO performance, especially in low visibility conditions. Therefore, this research aims to improve the FSO performance using quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes in low visibility scenarios or thick turbulence conditions. In addition, a simplified bit-flipping (SBF) algorithm was proposed to decode the information by the receiver side to minimize complexity. Subsequently, the FSO system is simulated using a 1550 nm laser at different data rates of 1 to 20 Gbps data rate and 1-Watt transmitted power. This paper was analyzed using different empirical models of atmosphere attenuation, like the Kim, Kruse, and Naboulsi models. This simulation also uses modulation techniques such as on-off keying, phase shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulation. Moreover, the looping iteration number of SBF could improve the system’s performance. We also consider using a low-cost PIN photodetector for practical implementation. Our simulation results show that QC-LDPC codes can achieve an average bit error rate of <span>({10}^{-9})</span> in lower visibility than uncoded information. Our research has significant implications for enhancing fiber optic performance in adverse atmospheric phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-024-08018-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical parameters and shielding attitude of sodium fluoride in calcium-borate glasses","authors":"E. Khalil,&nbsp;G. El-Damrawi,&nbsp;Abdelghany A. M.,&nbsp;R. M. Ramadan,&nbsp;Y. M. Moustafa","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07955-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07955-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Borate glasses with compositions <i>x</i>CaO-(30-<i>x</i>)NaF-70B₂O₃ (x = 0–30 mol%, step 5) were synthesized and characterized to investigate the effects of partially substituting NaF with CaO on radiation shielding ability and optical properties. Density, molar volume, packing density, and free volume were measured and calculated. UV–visible spectroscopy was utilized to determine the optical bandgap and other correlated physical parameters. Moreover, different shielding parameters were evaluated using Phy-X simulation software. From data analyses, it was found that increasing CaO content transformed BO₃ to BO₄ structural units in the borate glass network, keeping the optical bandgap values between 3.76 and 3.55 eV. In addition, the refractive index varied from 2.32 to 2.4, while molar refractivity and Urbach energy were slightly increased with composition. Moreover, the replacement of NaF by CaO enhanced photon interaction cross-sections, reducing the mean free path and half-value layer. The work demonstrated that controlled additions of an intermediate oxide like CaO can tailor the radiation shielding and optical characteristics of borate glasses for potential applications as transparent radiation shielding materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-024-07955-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning and machine learning based highly accurate reflection prediction model for multi layers anti-reflection coatings","authors":"Semih Oktay,&nbsp;İremnur Duru,&nbsp;Halit Bakır,&nbsp;Timuçin Emre Tabaru","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-08006-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-08006-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on creating an accurate reflection prediction model that will guide the design of filters with multilayer Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) to optimize the thickness parameters using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. This model aims to shed light on the design process of a multilayer optical filter, making it more cost-effective by providing faster and more precise production. In creating this model, a dataset containing data obtained from 3000 (1500 Ge–Al₂O₃, 1500 Ge–SiO₂) simulations previously performed on a computer based on the thicknesses of multilayer structural materials was used. The data are generated using Computational Electromagnetic simulation software based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. To understand the mechanism of the proposed model, two different two-layer coating simulations were studied. While Ge was used as the substrate in both coatings, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ were used as the second layers. The data set consists of the 3–5 µm and 8–12 µm bands typical for the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and includes reflectance values for wavelengths ranging between these spectra. In the specified 2-layer data set, the average reflectance was obtained with a minimum of 0.36 at 515 nm Ge and 910 nm SiO2 thicknesses. This value can be increased by adapting the proposed model to more than 2 layers. Six ML algorithms and a DL model, including artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks, are evaluated to determine the most effective approach for predicting reflectance properties. Furthermore, in the proposed model, a hyperparameter tuning phase is used in the study to compare the efficiency of ML and DL methods to generate dual-band ARC and maximize the prediction accuracy of the DL algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time this has been implemented in this field. The results show that ML models, particularly decision tree (MSE: 0.00000069, RMSE: 0.00083), random forest (MSE: 0.00000525, RMSE: 0.00229), and bagging (MSE: 0.00000667, RMSE: 0.00258) methods, outperform the DL model (MSE: 0.0040107, RMSE: 0.06333) in predicting reflectance values and provide a valuable reference for designing and fabricating optical thin-film filters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-024-08006-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental analysis of asymmetric fed key-shaped eight-port flexible frequency diversity MIMO antenna with multi-band applications","authors":"Sreenivas Naik,&nbsp;Arun Upmanyu,&nbsp;Manish Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07990-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07990-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this communication, Key-shaped asymmetric-feedline eight-port MIMO antenna is reported which is designed on thin Rogers substrate for flexible-applications. A Key-type slotted-radiating patch printed on top-surface with slotted half-electrical ground achieves super wideband measured bandwidth of 7.50 GHz to &gt; 80.0 GHz. The additional rectangular-strip attached to the ground which is the added feature generates narrow-band of measured-bandwidth 3.37–3.65 GHz. The single-port antenna is printed with antenna size of 14 × 14 mm2 and the narrow-band is useful for WiMAX wireless communication &amp; n48/n77/n78 Sub-6.0 GHz 5G-bands, while super wideband applications include X-band satellite communication, Ku-band RADAR with millimetre bands integrating ISM 24.0 GHz, UWB- 24.0 GHz, 5G—mm Wave communication (n257, n258, n259, n260, n261, n262, n263). The time-domain response including impulse response and group delay shows very low ringing and vibration of 1.0 ns. The single-port, four-port and eight-port MIMO antenna is studied for bending at 45° with minimal deviation of −10 dB bandwidth. The diversity parameter ECC &lt; 0.05 (Band 1 and Band 2), DG dB (Band 1 and Band 2), TARC &lt; −10.0 dB (Band 1 and Band 2) and CCL &lt; 0.2 b/s/Hz in both the bands. The maximum measured peak gain is 7.72 dBi with efficiency more than 79.69%. The acceptable radiating-pattern with overall size of 16,000 mm² is well suited for wireless-applications in multiple-bands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of the electro-optical properties of new II-conjugated molecules based on phenyl and pyrrole for organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) applications: a DFT approach","authors":"Marzouk Raftani,&nbsp;Ahmed Azaid,&nbsp;Tayeb Abram,&nbsp;Marwa Alaqarbeh,&nbsp;Rachid Kacimi,&nbsp;Mohammed Bennani,&nbsp;Mohammed Bouachrine","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07946-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07946-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current research, five new π-conjugated compounds (Mi (i = 1–5)), based on terphenyl and pyrrole, were theoretically investigated to suggest novel organic materials that can be used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The structural and electronic properties of designed compounds (Mi, i = 1–5) are evaluated using DFT/B3LYP/ 6-311G (d, p) quantum chemical method. Various parameters have been determined, including energy levels HOMO and LUMO, Eg, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), chemical reactivity descriptors, EA, IP, and λ (reorganization energy). TD−DFT/B3LYP/6–311G (d, p) approach has been applied to investigate a material's absorption and emission properties and the fluorescence lifetime. Hence, numerous properties of these compounds are determined, such as their λ_max (maximum wavelengths), E (vertical excitation energy), and related oscillator strengths. The calculated findings of the studied compounds Mi show that these molecules have suitable characteristics, which makes them promising candidates for OLED devices. Thus, this theoretical study of these molecules has been conducted to assist the experimental researchers in synthesizing them. These organic elements could potentially function as active components in OLED devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon-based star coupler power splitter with enhanced non-uniformity","authors":"Yu Tian,&nbsp;Vahram Voskerchyan,&nbsp;Francisco Soares,&nbsp;Francisco J. Diaz Otero","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07958-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07958-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We designed and fabricated a SOI based insertion loss non-uniformity enhanced star coupler with improved total transmission. The design utilizes a ‘squeeze’ dual input taper with auxiliary input taper placed right next to the central input taper. The specially designed taper structure transforms the fundamental Gaussian-shaped input profile at the entry of the free propagation region into a sinc mode field which produces a flat-top far field profile at the output waveguides array, without adding to the overall device footprint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the phase demodulation algorithms for investigating the optical properties of the polymer fibre during mechanical deformations interferometrically","authors":"N. H. El-Omda,&nbsp;T. Z. N. Sokkar,&nbsp;M. A. El-Bakary,&nbsp;A. M. Ali,&nbsp;E. Z. Omar","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-07969-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-07969-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical deformations in polymer fibres play an essential role for understanding the mechanism of fracture in this material. These deformations were examined interferometrically. The optical phase map of the deformed fibres has the key information about their structural features. So, the main core of this paper is to find an optimal algorithm for analyzing the interference fringe patterns of deformed fibres and demodulating their phase maps. For performing this task, two beam interference patterns for crazed and fractured polypropylene (PP) fibres were captured using the non-duplicated Pluta interference microscope. The phase map for each deformation demodulated using the spatial carrier frequency, the one- dimensional continuous wavelet transform (1D CWT) and the phase shifting fringe pattern analysis algorithms. The performance of each algorithm for finding the optimal phase map was evaluated using the contour line method. A refined method for calculating the areal craze density of a crazed pattern is presented. Based on the optimal extracted phase values of PP fibre for each type of deformation, the 3D birefringence values were calculated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-024-07969-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-broadband perfect solar energy capturer based on hybrid mode coupling mechanism in a pagoda-shaped MXene metasurface","authors":"Rujun Zhou,&nbsp;Haichao Han,&nbsp;Si Luo,&nbsp;Qiang Ling,&nbsp;Ali Akhtar,&nbsp;Daru Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11082-024-08030-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-024-08030-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MXene, a new two-dimensional absorption material, holds promise in various fields of photovoltaic and energy storage, while high-performance MXene-based solar absorbers have rarely been implemented. In this study, by constructing a pagoda-shaped nanodisk structure, an average absorptivity of up to 99.83% is achieved in the 400–1600 nm spectrum region. Due to the coupling of hybrid resonance modes including surface plasmon resonances, cavity resonances and guide-mode resonances in the unique layered nanodisk structure and the sandwiched dielectric SiO₂ layer, nearly 100% absorption of solar energy achieves. By discussing the influence of the main structural parameters on the absorber, our proposed absorber still has an average absorptivity of more than 99% supporting a good manufacturing tolerance. In addition, the absorber allows a wide incident angle of more than 50° and exhibits polarization-insensitive absorption characteristics. To evaluate the solar absorption capacity of the absorber, we calculated the solar absorption of the absorber under AM1.5 solar spectral radiation. The absorber achieves nearly 100% absorption of solar energy (400–1600 nm) and the maximum energy loss is only 0.0054 W/m²/nm at 532 nm. These results pave the way for efficient solar thermal utilization and interfacial photo-evaporation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}