Optical and Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Quantum chemical insights into molecular design and NLO response of 5-methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone: a DFT approach for photonic materials applications","authors":"G. Hamsavalli,&nbsp;S. Shahil Kirupavathy,&nbsp;S. Sudha,&nbsp;T. A. Revathy","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09185-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09185-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the optimal structure and vibrational assignments of 5-Methyl-7-Methoxyisoflavone (5M7M), examined theoretically through DFT method by using Gaussian 09W. Studies employing IR, Raman and UV methods were explored in both experimental and theoretical scenarios. Potential energy distribution (PED) values were calculated, and vibrational assignments have been determined. By using Gaussian 09W, structural optimization and bond parameters are examined. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) differentiates nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. Global descriptors and band gap energies are provided using the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) study. The electron delocalization resulting from hyperconjugation can be understood by using the Natural bonding orbital (NBO) method. The Time-dependent-Density functional theory (TD-DFT) technique and Integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM) model were utilized to stimulate UV spectra of the title compound. FUKUI function used to trace the area of reactive sites. Topological explorations were scrutinized using the Multiwave function. Reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis provided the region with intra and intermolecular noncovalent interactions and their graphical reference. Nonlinear optical studies supported to find parameters like dipole moment, polarizability and first-order hyperpolarizability. From the outcomes, we understand that 5M7M has a hyperpolarizability value 25 times larger than urea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of third order nonlinear optical properties and density functional theory (DFT)-based computational analysis of optical properties for undoped and Sr-doped ZnO thin films","authors":"Getu Endale,&nbsp;Devendra Mohan","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09196-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09196-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive investigation of third-order nonlinear optical properties of Sr-doped ZnO thin films (0-6 wt% Sr) fabricated via sol-gel spin coating. The structural analysis confirmed the wurtzite crystal structure with c-axis orientation and increased porosity at higher doping levels. Z-scan measurements at 532 nm revealed that Sr doping systematically enhances both nonlinear absorption and refraction, with the nonlinear absorption coefficient increasing from 0.94 × 10^-2 to 4.89 × 10^-2 cm/W and the nonlinear refractive index (n₂) increasing in magnitude from -8.97 × 10^-8 to -4.42 × 10^-6 cm²/W. The observed reverse saturation absorption and self-defocusing behavior, confirmed by the pre-focal peak and post-focal valley configuration in closed-aperture Z-scan, indicates negative nonlinearity suitable for optical limiting. DFT calculations using the MBJ potential validated the experimental trends, showing increased band gap (3.2 to 3.4 eV) and enhanced density of states near the conduction band due to the Burstein-Moss effect, which facilitates two-photon absorption. The systematic enhancement of the real and imaginary parts of the third-order susceptibility with Sr doping confirms the effectiveness of Sr incorporation for tailoring nonlinear optical properties. These findings demonstrate that Sr-doped ZnO thin films are promising candidates for all-optical photonic devices, optical limiters, and switches operating at 532 nm, with the doping concentration providing a practical handle for optimizing performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of all-optical OR and NOR logic gates based on an optically pumped SOA–Mach–Zehnder interferometer","authors":"Amer Kotb,&nbsp;Kyriakos E. Zoiros","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09195-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09195-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>All-optical logic gates are essential building blocks for ultrafast optical signal processing and next-generation photonic computing systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive numerical investigation of high-speed OR and NOR logic gates using an optically pumped semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (OP-SOA-MZI) architecture operating at 80 Gb/s. While this study is theoretical in nature, the numerical model is based on experimentally validated carrier-dynamics equations, and the results provide clear design guidelines for future experimental realization. The proposed structure exploits the nonlinear gain dynamics and cross-phase modulation within the SOA to achieve efficient interferometric switching. Numerical simulations demonstrate high-quality logic operation with quality factor (QF) values of 23.16 for the OR gate and 25.58 for the NOR gate, confirming stable high-speed performance. To comprehensively evaluate the robustness of the proposed architecture, the dependence of the QF on several critical operational parameters is systematically analyzed, including data rate, continuous-wave (CW) probe power, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, and phase noise. The results show that increasing the data rate reduces QF due to incomplete carrier recovery and enhanced intersymbol interference, while excessive CW probe power leads to gain saturation and reduced interference contrast. Furthermore, higher levels of ASE noise and phase noise significantly degrade signal integrity by lowering the signal-to-noise ratio and disturbing the interferometric phase balance. A comparative evaluation with the conventional electrically pumped SOA–MZI (EP-SOA–MZI) configuration reveals that the OP-SOA–MZI architecture consistently achieves higher QF values and improved tolerance to noise and high-speed operation, owing to enhanced carrier replenishment and improved phase stability enabled by optical pumping. These findings highlight the potential of OP-SOA–MZI-based logic gates for ultrafast all-optical computing and high-capacity photonic communication networks, while acknowledging that practical deployment will require further evaluation of performance issues such as switching energy, extinction ratio, timing jitter, and cascading capability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization-based synthesis of a post-selected Toffoli gate in a configurable integrated photonic mesh","authors":"F. García-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;J. Rueda-Paz,&nbsp;M. Ávila-Aoki,&nbsp;F. A. Dominguez-Serna","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09180-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09180-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient implementation of universal multiqubit gates represents a critical challenge for quantum computing. Conventionally, the Toffoli gate (CCNOT) requires decomposition into up to 15 one- and two-qubit elementary gates. This implies that the number of physical operations increases significantly in a realistic architecture, with consequent degradation due to decoherence. In this work, we propose a methodology for implementing quantum gates in reconfigurable photonic networks based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). In particular, we demonstrate the numerical synthesis of the post-selected Toffoli transformation using an 8-spatial-mode, 8-layer MZI photonic mesh that strategically incorporates two auxiliary vacuum modes at the boundaries of the network. We achieved a normalized Hilbert-Schmidt overlap of 0.9900 and an average post-selection success probability of 0.0340. This approach eliminates the need for deep discrete decompositions, offering a compact architecture realizable on silicon photonic platforms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the transferability of this methodology for tuning photonic meshes applied to analog signal processing and optical neural networks (ONNs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-mode ternary MgF2/SiON/TiO2 photonic crystal for theoretical NIR discrimination of literature-derived skin-cancer refractive-index scenarios","authors":"Emadelden Fouad,&nbsp;Arafa H. Aly","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09179-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09179-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PhC) defect-mode resonators offer a compact and tunable platform for optical biosensing, yet achieving reliable discrimination of closely spaced analytes within a single photonic bandgap (PBG) remains challenging because the resonance characteristics depend jointly on the mirror materials, defect-cavity thickness, and number of periods. We present a ternary 1D-PhC biosensor, Air/(MgF₂/SiON/TiO₂)<span>({}^{N})</span>/D/(MgF₂/SiON/TiO₂)<span>({}^{N})</span>/Glass, evaluated by the transfer matrix method against literature-derived refractive indices for melanoma (ME), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), yielding simulated <span>(S=646)</span>–652 nm RIU<span>({}^{-1})</span>, <span>(Q=31248)</span>–31644, and FOM = 19785–19966 RIU<span>({}^{-1})</span> with the mirror pair lossless (<span>(k=0)</span>) to experimental precision; these are loss-consistent, not idealized, values, still simulated and unfabricated, with defect-layer and sample losses unmodeled. Within a 905.0–1342.3 nm PBG, the three subtypes’ defect modes separate by 5.83–46.93 nm, or 178–1654 times the mode linewidth. The primary discrimination claims are BCC<span>(rightarrow )</span>ME and SCC<span>(rightarrow )</span>ME (Monte Carlo reversal probability <span>(le 12.6%)</span>), spanning different modalities, not only biology; SCC<span>(rightarrow )</span>BCC is excluded and reported only as an exploratory observation, since its oral-mucosa-proxy SCC index carries a <span>(20.7%)</span> reversal probability exceeding the discrimination gap. The ternary architecture and TMM formalism are established in prior literature, not claimed as new; the contribution is a skin-specific triple-subtype application with an explicit two-tier validity framework separating supported claims from exploratory and calibration comparisons, within which the ternary-over-binary benefit is quantified (FOM 3.12–<span>(3.14times )</span> higher at the ME mode) rather than assumed. The results demonstrate optical distinguishability of the literature-derived refractive indices used, not clinical distinguishability of skin lesions, requiring dedicated skin-specific measurement and validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles investigation of the optical, structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Cu3O4 using multiple exchange correlation potentials","authors":"Laiba Saqib Khalil,&nbsp;Ali H. Reshak,&nbsp;Ghazal Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Uzair,&nbsp;Saleha Qissi,&nbsp;Eman M. Alshehri,&nbsp;Vineet Tirth,&nbsp;Ali Algahtani,&nbsp;Wafa S. Aljuaid,&nbsp;Hind Albalawi,&nbsp;Essam A. Al-Ammar,&nbsp;Dania Ali,&nbsp;Nasir Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09183-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09183-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A first-principles investigation of cubic Cu₃O₄ in the Fm3̅m space group was conducted within the framework of density functional theory using the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave plus local-orbital (FP-LAPW + lo) method implemented in WIEN2k. Structural optimization was performed using the LDA, PBE-GGA, and PBEsol-GGA exchange–correlation approximations, while the elastic properties were evaluated using PBE-GGA. The calculated elastic constants—C₁₁ = 174.08 GPa, C₁₂ = 102.72 GPa, and C₄₄ = 73.35 GPa satisfy the Born mechanical-stability criteria for cubic crystals. The Pugh ratio (B/G = 2.23) and Poisson’s ratio (ν = 0.300) indicate ductile mechanical behavior, whereas the Zener anisotropy factor (A = 2.056) reveals appreciable elastic anisotropy. The negative formation and cohesive energies indicate energetic favorability relative to the adopted elemental reference states and strong atomic binding within the proposed crystal structure. The electronic structures calculated using PBE-GGA and TB-mBJ exhibit bands crossing or closely approaching the Fermi level, suggesting semi metallic or nearly gapless behavior. Spin-polarized calculations yield total magnetic moments of 0.770 and 2.006 µB per unit cell using PBE-GGA and TB-mBJ, respectively, demonstrating the strong dependence of the predicted magnetic response on the exchange–correlation treatment. The calculated optical spectra display pronounced dielectric, absorption, optical-conductivity, and energy-loss features across the visible and ultraviolet regions, with their spectral positions varying according to the exchange–correlation approximation employed. Thermoelectric transport properties were evaluated using BoltzTraP within the constant relaxation-time approximation. The electrical conductivity per relaxation time, σ/τ, decreases with increasing temperature, whereas the electronic thermal conductivity per relaxation time, κₑ/τ, increases. The positive Seebeck coefficient, which reaches approximately 52 µV K⁻¹ at 1000 K, indicates predominantly hole-mediated transport. Because the lattice contribution to thermal conductivity was not calculated, the value of 0.213 at 1000 K represents the electronic figure of merit, ZTₑ, rather than the complete thermoelectric figure of merit. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive theoretical characterization of the mechanical, electronic, magnetic, optical, and electronic-transport properties of the proposed cubic Cu₃O₄ phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of bidirectional and hybrid pumping schemes in EDFAs: ASE-induced gain saturation dynamics","authors":"Jaba Das,&nbsp;Asiful Islam,&nbsp;Sazzad M. S. Imran","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09192-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09192-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we present detailed numerical study of the spatial gain dynamics, ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) evolution and NF (noise figure) characteristics of erbium-doped-fiber-amplifiers (EDFAs) operating with a weak input signal power of -40 dBm. We first perform parametric analysis of signal gain under bidirectional (1480 nm and 980 nm) and hybrid (1480 nm forward + 980 nm backward and 980 nm forward + 1480 nm backward) pumping configurations for four different EDFA lengths of 5, 10, 15 and 20 m. We solve two-level rate equation EDFA model using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) with iterative forward-backward ASE and pump integration. The results validate that 20 m long EDFA with 1480 nm forward pumping provides optimum gain. Our results reveal an operating-point-dependent gain crossover near 15 m threshold length, beyond which hybrid scheme outperforms bidirectional configuration for 35% to 80% 1480 nm forward pump fraction. This is attributed to the higher ASE build up beyond 15 m causes gain saturation for bidirectional pumping. However for 80% and above pump fraction, both hybrid and bidirectional schemes show nearly identical gain performance. This is because of rapid absorption of the 980 nm backward pump in the first 5 m creates asymmetric pump distribution that suppresses ASE buildup in the latter half of the fiber. The 980 nm forward pumping is suitable for 10 m long EDFA, whereas for a 20 m EDFA the hybrid 980 nm-forward configuration provides less than 5 dB signal gain and 980 nm bidirectional pumping exhibits no net signal gain due to rapid pump depletion and signal reabsorption. These results reveal the effects of pump wavelength distribution and ASE buildup on gain saturation in weak signal EDFA operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed graphene-tunable terahertz wave sensing of dispersive brain tissues via complex-reflection fingerprinting","authors":"Djalal Eddine Bensafieddine,&nbsp;Youcef Bensaidane,&nbsp;Chaker Mohsin Saleh,&nbsp;Fatima Djerfaf,&nbsp;Mouloud Bouzouad","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09181-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09181-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A physics-informed computational framework is proposed for electrically reconfigurable terahertz (THz) sensing of dispersive brain tissues using the complete complex reflection coefficient as the electromagnetic state variable. The sensing platform employs a graphene-enabled Yagi-type microstrip architecture integrating a fractal plasmonic sensing region, parasitic coupling elements, a SiO2 substrate, and Au metallization, with a 100 μm tissue layer directly coupled to the high-field interaction region. Intact tissue, edema, and WHO grade I–IV gliomas are represented by frequency-dependent Double-Debye constitutive models derived from ex-vivo human brain spectroscopy, while the graphene chemical potential is tuned from 0.2 to 1.2 eV. Tissue discrimination is formulated in complex-reflection space through pairwise electromagnetic distance and worst-case maximin separability. Under a simultaneous − 10 dB matching constraint, the optimal six-class state occurs at 0.3560 THz and <span>(:{mu:}_{c}=1:eV,)</span> yielding <span>(:{D}_{min}=8.034:times:{10}^{-3},)</span> with GII–GIV as the limiting pair. A dedicated edema–glioma criterion instead selects 0.3599 THz and <span>(:{mu:}_{c}=0.6:eV,)</span> where <span>(:{D}_{min}=4.163:times:{10}^{-2},)</span> demonstrating task-dependent electromagnetic coding. At the global optimum, dielectric and complex-reflection pairwise distances exhibit a strong correspondence <span>(:left(r=0.9969,:{R}^{2}=0.9937right).)</span> A complex-reflection-constrained equivalent circuit is further extracted from the full-wave response. The corrected unloaded dual-mode model achieves a magnitude RMSE of 0.0081 dB, a circular-phase RMSE of 0.0614°, and <span>(:{R}_{C}^{2}=0.9999977)</span>, while tissue-loaded models retain magnitude RMSE values of 0.016–0.143 dB and <span>(:{R}_{C}^{2}=0.98771-0.99913.)</span> The inferred near-field overlap capacitance is 0.914 fF (CV = 8.16%), and the tissue loss tangent strongly correlates with the extracted modal resistance<span>(::left(r=0.99856,:{R}^{2}=0.99712right).)</span> These results establish a unified dielectric-to-complex-reflection transduction framework linking graphene transport, dispersive tissue loading, and resonant modal dynamics for reconfigurable THz discrimination of closely spaced biological dielectric states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable triple- band graphene-silicon based dielectric resonator for THz refractive index biosensing","authors":"Raj Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Jitendra Bahadur Maurya","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09186-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09186-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This Paper presents a tunable triple-band terahertz (THz) silicon-based dielectric resonator integrated with a graphene ring is designed for biosensing applications. The absorber generates three ultra narrowband near -perfect absorption at resonance frequencies of 6.467, 6.92, and 8.17 THz, with absorption more than 99%. Frequency tuning is achieved by varying the graphene chemical potential <span>(:mu:left(eVright))</span>, while polarization-insensitive operation is maintained for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) wave incidences. The sensing performance is evaluated through refractive index-based biosensor, specifically for the detection of biological substances such as malaria infected red blood cells and cancerous cells. The sensor achieves high sensitivities of 0.765, 0.615, and 0.915 THz/RIU, along with high quality factors of 205.45, 452.52, and 450.99 for the first, second, and third resonance modes, respectively. The combination of a low-loss silicon dielectric resonator with a graphene enables electrical tunability, high spectral selectivity, ultra-narrowband perfect absorption and stable resonance characteristics without requiring metallic resonators. These results indicate that the proposed absorber is suitable for refractive-index sensing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometry-driven plexcitonic coupling in plasmonic nanoparticles: full 3D Maxwell–Bloch study","authors":"Arezoo Firoozi,&nbsp;Ahmad Mohammadi,&nbsp;Tahmineh Jalali","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09150-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-026-09150-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strong plasmon–exciton coupling in hybrid optical nanomaterials provides a powerful route toward room-temperature plexcitonic responses for nanophotonic sensing, nonlinear optics, and polaritonic device concepts. However, quantitative design rules linking nanoparticle geometry to coupling strength, field confinement, and mode hybridization remain insufficiently established. Here, we present a comprehensive three-dimensional Maxwell–Bloch finite-difference time-domain study of geometry-engineered plasmon–exciton coupling in metallic nanoparticles coupled to excitonic emitters. Six representative nanoparticle geometries—sphere, ellipsoid, nanorod, cone, rounded cone, and truncated cone—are systematically compared to determine how structural anisotropy controls local electromagnetic confinement, hybrid mode formation, and vacuum Rabi splitting. By independently varying the emitter dipole moment, emitter number density, and nanoparticle aspect ratio, we identify clear structure–property trends and a hierarchy of coupling regimes across different geometries. Anisotropic nanoparticles, particularly ellipsoids and nanorods, produce the strongest plexcitonic hybridization, with vacuum Rabi splitting reaching up to 77.2 meV, exceeding the strong-coupling threshold under realistic room-temperature linewidth conditions. The self-consistent Maxwell–Bloch framework captures collective emitter–plasmon dynamics enabling quantitative evaluation of geometry-dependent plexcitonic behavior beyond purely linear optical descriptions. These results establish generalizable geometry-based design principles for plasmonic–excitonic optical nanomaterials and provide a predictive simulation framework for engineering strong light–matter interaction in hybrid nanophotonic systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}