{"title":"针对MDM-WDM系统超低增益和NF偏差的3M-EDFA设计","authors":"Suhail K. Naik, Ifrah Amin, Gausia Qazi","doi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08514-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our proposal is to create a design for a three-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3M-EDFA) that is specifically intended for use in a system that combines mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wave division multiplexing (WDM) techniques. After the efficacious completion of concurrent fiber parameters and innovative branching matrix multi-optimization for erbium profile. The 3M-EDFA system, with cladding pump power, demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving a gain surpassing 24.152 dB and a noise figure below 4.462 dB for all 48 channels evenly distributed across the LP<sub>01</sub>, LP<sub>11</sub>, and LP<sub>21</sub> signal modes. Across all the channels, 3M-EDFA exhibits gain excursion (GE) and noise figure excursion (NFE) of 0.663 dB and 0.428 dB, respectively. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the pinnacle values attained for the differential modal gain (DMG) and differential modal noise figure (DMNF) within the wavelength range of 1543 nm to 1558 nm are a mere 0.0563 dB and 0.23 dB, respectively. Our proposed FM-EDFA system possesses the desirable characteristics of minimal excursion in both gain and noise, making it an excellent choice for future high-capacity MDM-WDM networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Design of 3M-EDFA for ultra-low gain and NF deviations for MDM-WDM systems\",\"authors\":\"Suhail K. Naik, Ifrah Amin, Gausia Qazi\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11082-025-08514-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Our proposal is to create a design for a three-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3M-EDFA) that is specifically intended for use in a system that combines mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wave division multiplexing (WDM) techniques. After the efficacious completion of concurrent fiber parameters and innovative branching matrix multi-optimization for erbium profile. The 3M-EDFA system, with cladding pump power, demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving a gain surpassing 24.152 dB and a noise figure below 4.462 dB for all 48 channels evenly distributed across the LP<sub>01</sub>, LP<sub>11</sub>, and LP<sub>21</sub> signal modes. Across all the channels, 3M-EDFA exhibits gain excursion (GE) and noise figure excursion (NFE) of 0.663 dB and 0.428 dB, respectively. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the pinnacle values attained for the differential modal gain (DMG) and differential modal noise figure (DMNF) within the wavelength range of 1543 nm to 1558 nm are a mere 0.0563 dB and 0.23 dB, respectively. Our proposed FM-EDFA system possesses the desirable characteristics of minimal excursion in both gain and noise, making it an excellent choice for future high-capacity MDM-WDM networks.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":720,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optical and Quantum Electronics\",\"volume\":\"57 11\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optical and Quantum Electronics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-025-08514-4\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-025-08514-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Design of 3M-EDFA for ultra-low gain and NF deviations for MDM-WDM systems
Our proposal is to create a design for a three-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3M-EDFA) that is specifically intended for use in a system that combines mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wave division multiplexing (WDM) techniques. After the efficacious completion of concurrent fiber parameters and innovative branching matrix multi-optimization for erbium profile. The 3M-EDFA system, with cladding pump power, demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving a gain surpassing 24.152 dB and a noise figure below 4.462 dB for all 48 channels evenly distributed across the LP01, LP11, and LP21 signal modes. Across all the channels, 3M-EDFA exhibits gain excursion (GE) and noise figure excursion (NFE) of 0.663 dB and 0.428 dB, respectively. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the pinnacle values attained for the differential modal gain (DMG) and differential modal noise figure (DMNF) within the wavelength range of 1543 nm to 1558 nm are a mere 0.0563 dB and 0.23 dB, respectively. Our proposed FM-EDFA system possesses the desirable characteristics of minimal excursion in both gain and noise, making it an excellent choice for future high-capacity MDM-WDM networks.
期刊介绍：
Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest.
Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.
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