{"title":"Biomimetic bone scaffold functionalized with traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and collagen-binding IGF-1 for bone regeneration","authors":"Xiaobo Gao, Bocheng Lei, Xiaomin Zhao, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07041-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07041-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been applied in bone tissue engineering. However, the fuzzy mechanism of these ingredients limits their application. In this study, a novel biomimetic bone scaffold functionalized with two TCM ingredients, nano deer bone meals (nBM) and neferine (Nef), as well as collagen-binding IGF-1 (CBD-IGF-1) was fabricated via a combination of phase inversion and particle leaching methods. The biomimetic CIGF1&Nef@PLGA/nBM scaffold mimicked cancellous bone in terms of its porous structure and bone matrix composition rich in collagen. Both Nef contained in the scaffold and CBD-IGF-1 bound to collagen matrix could be slowly released from the scaffold, exerting long-term and safe bioactivity. In vitro tests showed that the CIGF1&Nef@PLGA/nBM composite significantly enhanced the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the material. Nef and IGF-1 in CIGF1&Nef@PLGA/nBM scaffold exerted a synergistic effect on IGF-1-mediated osteogenic differentiation via IGF-1R axis to ensure the osteogenic activity of the biomimetic scaffold. In vivo skull defect repair experiment confirmed that CIGF1&Nef@PLGA/nBM could promote the neocortical bone formation and osseous maturation, further accelerating the bone defect repair. The findings of this research demonstrated that the biomimetic CIGF1&Nef@PLGA/nBM scaffold is a promising implantation in bone defect therapy.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samir A. Bello, Aimeé Rodríguez-Monroig, Andrea Vargas-Morales, Alondra S. Rodríguez -Rolón, Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez, Dina Paola Bracho-Rincón, Eduardo Nicolau
{"title":"Electrospun CHIR99021-loaded cellulose acetate scaffolds stimulate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro","authors":"Samir A. Bello, Aimeé Rodríguez-Monroig, Andrea Vargas-Morales, Alondra S. Rodríguez -Rolón, Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez, Dina Paola Bracho-Rincón, Eduardo Nicolau","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07032-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07032-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors are a diverse class of small molecules known to promote osteogenic differentiation in cell monolayers. However, the osteoinductive capacity of GSK-3 inhibitors loaded into scaffolds remains underexplored. To address this, the study first evaluated three GSK-3 inhibitors—DIPQUO, 1-Azakenpaullone (Azak), and CHIR99021 (CHIR)—for their ability to enhance matrix mineralization in pre-osteoblast monolayers. The results showed that only Azak and CHIR induced a significant osteogenic response. Consequently, these two inhibitors were incorporated separately into cellulose acetate solutions to fabricate electrospun scaffolds. The physicochemical properties, molecular integrity, and release profiles of Azak and CHIR from the membranes were next characterized. Subsequently, biocompatibility and osteoinductive potential of the GSK-3 inhibitor-loaded membranes were assessed. In terms of scaffold characteristics, CHIR loading significantly reduced the water contact angle. Both inhibitors exhibited a burst release profile consistent with first-order kinetics. Pre-osteoblasts demonstrated comparable growth on unloaded and GSK-3 inhibitor-loaded scaffolds, with no evidence of cytotoxicity. Importantly, CHIR-loaded mats enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas Azak-loaded membranes inhibited matrix mineralization. Taken together, these findings indicate that CHIR-loaded scaffolds possess in vitro bioactivity and may be promising for bone tissue engineering applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07032-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nano-dicalcium silicate promotes angiogenesis via enhancing endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation","authors":"Ruolan Wang, Yuntao Lin, Yuling Chen, Hongyu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07033-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07033-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bone defects, especially critical-sized ones, pose a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics due to their impaired self-regeneration ability. Our previous experiments have confirmed that dicalcium silicate nanoparticles(nC<sub>2</sub>S) exhibit excellent osteogenic activity, but whether they also possesses good angiogenic activity remains unelucidated. In this study, we established a co-culture model of nC2S and HUVECs to further explore its angiogenic effect. CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and Western Blotting (WB) analysis were utilized to systematically assess the effects of nC₂S on the proliferative capacity, migratory potential, and tube formation ability of HUVECs—three core functional hallmarks of angiogenesis. In vivo, nC₂S scaffolds were implanted into bone defect models to validate their ability in promoting neovascularization within bone defect sites. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was employed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of nC₂S-induced angiogenesis. We found that nC2S can promote HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. RNA-seq result showed upregulation of MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, we speculate that nC<sub>2</sub>S may promote angiogenesis through cell proliferation. This study aims to investigate the role of dicalcium silicate in promoting angiogenesis during bone defect repair, and to provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of novel bone regeneration materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07033-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Liu, Yafan Hu, Kai Xu, Bo Zhang, Dong Liu, Changyan Wu, Xiuyun Han, Peng Han, Jian Lu, Naishui Han
{"title":"Correction to: Evaluation of nickel release from Ni-Ti stents in various media for safety assessment purposes","authors":"Bin Liu, Yafan Hu, Kai Xu, Bo Zhang, Dong Liu, Changyan Wu, Xiuyun Han, Peng Han, Jian Lu, Naishui Han","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07037-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07037-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07037-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Rahimkhoei, Yuksel Akinay, Ali Akbari, Aseel M. Aljeboree, Forat H. Alsultany, Masoud Salavati-Niasari
{"title":"Harnessing biopolymeric double network hydrogels for cartilage repair: a review of current strategies","authors":"Vahid Rahimkhoei, Yuksel Akinay, Ali Akbari, Aseel M. Aljeboree, Forat H. Alsultany, Masoud Salavati-Niasari","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07023-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07023-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogels with a double network (DN) structure that are based on carbohydrates have shown potential as scaffolds for the regeneration of cartilage. We postulate that these hydrogels can aid in the repair of cartilage and sustain the regeneration of tissue because of their ability to hold large quantities of water and large amounts of bioactive molecules. Some recent preclinical studieswith DN hydrogels that have been modified with growth factors, other biological molecules, and or therapeutic agents have shown enhanced growth of the cartilage tissue, hydration, and structural integrity of the tissue. In this review, we detail these advancements as potential carbohydrate-based double network hydrogels for the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Optimized DN hydrogels are tissue engineering scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, with the potential to translate to clinical practice.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07023-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of cercosporin-loaded polydopamine- cloaked mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhanced photothermal-photodynamic and anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer","authors":"Jingsheng Hua, Bo Ning, Hongxin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07007-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07007-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lack of tumor targeting ability and the failure of single therapeutic approaches are two challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mesoporous silica (MS) nanoparticles of two sizes (MS50 and MS100) were fabricated and functionalized with polydopamine (PD), cercosporin (CE), and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (RP) for the dual purposes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) aimed at integrin αvβ3 in pancreatic cancer. MS@PD-RP-CE were examined using several approaches, exhibiting selective drug release, enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under laser irradiation. MS100@PD-RP-CE exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) in vitro, while selectively targeting pancreatic cancer cells over normal cells, in comparison to MS50@PD-RP-CE. The mechanism of cell death was analyzed utilizing Calcein-AM/PI, and nuclear staining techniques. MS100@PD-RP-CE demonstrated considerable biocompatibility, as shown by the hemolytic assay. Thus, MS100@PD-RP-CE demonstrates significant promise for the prospective treatment of pancreatic cancer.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07007-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robyn A. Macartney, Annabelle T. R. Fricker, Gusti U. N. Tajalla, Andrew M. Smith, Shosei Kishida, Stefano Fedele, Ipsita Roy, Jonathan C. Knowles
{"title":"Optimisation of electrospinning parameters to successfully obtain high ratios of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate in electrospun fibres with drug loading for wound healing applications","authors":"Robyn A. Macartney, Annabelle T. R. Fricker, Gusti U. N. Tajalla, Andrew M. Smith, Shosei Kishida, Stefano Fedele, Ipsita Roy, Jonathan C. Knowles","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07030-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07030-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic wounds, burns and ulceration of dermal and mucosal tissues are extremely common and can arise for a wide variety of reasons causing extreme pain and reducing patient quality of life. Current treatment regimens involve the use of topical corticosteroids for prolonged treatment periods. Due to issues surrounding the use of topical ointments there is inadequate drug contact with the wound site and non-specific tissue interaction, potentially leading to significant development of fungal infections as a side effect to corticosteroid treatment. Medium chain length (MCL) and short chain length (SCL) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) may be applicable to optimise material properties for wound dressing applications. Initial work focussed on defining the optimal electrospinning parameters for suitably elastic fibres whilst subsequent work focussed on achieving an optimised dosing of clobetasol propionate (CP) and fluconazole (FLU) for incorporation with the electrospun fibres without detrimentally compromising the properties of the scaffolds for wound healing applications. Physical and mechanical analysis showed that the 80:20 blend of MCL:SCL polymer at an electrospinning solution concentration of 10% (w/v) gave defect-free fibres with the best elastic properties for wound dressing applications. CP and FLU incorporation into the electrospun fibres did not cause any significant decrease in oral mucosal cell viability. Following in vitro wound healing study promising formulations containing 2% and 10% CP and FLU, respectively, were identified.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07030-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed S. Alshammari, Badriah Alamer, Mashael M. Alharbi, Omaymah Alaysuy, Maryam M. Alnoman, Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei, Ali Sayqal, Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
{"title":"Marine algae-derived Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/CoO/Al2O3 nanohybrids: A green approach to phytochemical profiling, molecular docking, and bioactivity assessment","authors":"Mohammed S. Alshammari, Badriah Alamer, Mashael M. Alharbi, Omaymah Alaysuy, Maryam M. Alnoman, Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei, Ali Sayqal, Nashwa M. El-Metwaly","doi":"10.1007/s10856-025-06987-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-025-06987-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green synthesis of Ag/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ag/CoO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanohybrids was achieved using Sargassum latifolium extract as a bioreductant. The resulting nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized and exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of key phytochemicals (e.g., naringenin) to bacterial targets. This eco-friendly,marine-algae-based approach offers a sustainable platform for developing multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Green synthesis of Ag/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ag/CoO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanohybrids was achieved using <i>Sargassum latifolium</i> extract as a bioreductant. The resulting nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized and exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of key phytochemicals such as Kaempferol, Myricetin, Neringein, <i>p</i>-Coumaric acid, and Phloroglucinol to bacterial targets. This eco-friendly, marine-algae-based approach offers a sustainable platform for developing multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Eun Won, Hyun Kyung Moon, Hyung-Jin Yun, Sang Jin Han, Ji Suk Shim
{"title":"Evaluation of different monomer compositions in polymer-infiltrated lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass-ceramic","authors":"Jong-Eun Won, Hyun Kyung Moon, Hyung-Jin Yun, Sang Jin Han, Ji Suk Shim","doi":"10.1007/s10856-025-07000-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-025-07000-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to fabricate hybrid blocks by infiltrating various resin compositions into pre-sintered porous lithium disilicate (Li₂Si₂O₅) scaffolds and to evaluate their surface characteristics, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility. Hybrid ceramic–polymer blocks were produced using mixtures of Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA monomers, polymerized at 300 MPa and 180 °C. Four groups (BT82, BT55, UT55, UT73) with different monomer ratios were tested. Complete resin infiltration was achieved in all groups. Surface roughness, contact angle, and water sorption showed no significant differences. However, mechanical properties varied depending on resin composition. UDMA-containing groups (UT55, UT73) exhibited higher flexural strength and Vickers hardness, while Bis-GMA-containing groups showed lower values. Flexural strength was maintained after thermal cycling, but hardness decreased in all groups. All formulations demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility. These results demonstrate that optimizing the resin composition enables the fabrication of lithium disilicate-based hybrid blocks with excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, suggesting their potential application as chairside Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing dental restorative materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-025-07000-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifeng Shang, Qingbing Jiang, Yifeng Yang, Lian Xi, Jun Li, Shulin Shen, Yuxiang Chen, Wei Su, Ruiming Liang
{"title":"Development of biodegradable methacrylated guar gum 3D bioprinting bioinks for stem cell delivery and cartilage tissue engineering","authors":"Yifeng Shang, Qingbing Jiang, Yifeng Yang, Lian Xi, Jun Li, Shulin Shen, Yuxiang Chen, Wei Su, Ruiming Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07024-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07024-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has revolutionized tissue engineering by precisely fabricating customized scaffolds that recapitulate native tissue architectures. This study introduces a photo-crosslinkable methacrylated guar gum (GG-MA) hydrogel as a tunable monophasic bioink for cartilage tissue engineering. By adjusting methacrylation degrees, GG-MA hydrogels achieved tailored mechanical strength (Young’s modulus: GG-MA2 = 0.184 MPa vs. GG-MA1 = 0.069 MPa), controlled degradation (61.41% vs. 90.71% mass loss over 60 days), and shear-thinning behavior suitable for extrusion bioprinting. Encapsulated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), GG-MA2 scaffolds exhibited favorable biocompatibility, and promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, evidenced by promoting the secretion of extracellular matrix and upregulating gene expression of Collagen Type II Alpha 1 Chain (COL2A1), Aggrecan (ACAN), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9). The novel 3D bioprinting GG-MA hydrogel scaffolds demonstrated significant potential as a versatile platform balancing biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and chondrogenic capacity for cartilage tissue engineering.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07024-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147430043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}