{"title":"Enhancing the analysis of external quantum efficiency in OLEDs utilizing thin transport layer materials","authors":"P. Santhoshini, K. HelenPrabha","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02197-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02197-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>OLED technology, a revolutionary approach to display and lighting, offers thin, flexible, and vibrant solutions that redefine the visual experience in various devices. External quantum efficiency, a key metric, provides valuable insights into how effectively these devices convert electrical energy into light, guiding efforts to enhance efficiency and optimize OLED technology. This crucial factor, often affected by charge imbalance, non-radiative processes, energy losses, material limitations, device architecture, and design, can be significantly improved. The choice of material selection can impact the ability of the OLED to convert injected charges into light effectively. The transport layers facilitate the movement of charge carriers (electrons and holes) within the device, influencing light emission efficiency. In this proposed work, the introduction of organic materials in electron and hole transport layers can potentially improve the external quantum efficiency by up to 11.2%, a significant advancement that can be analyzed through electrical and optical characterization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 5","pages":"977 - 985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact model for MFIS-NCFETs considering deep-level interface trap states","authors":"Xin Liu, Shaoman Peng, Heung Nung Lau, Xincheng Huang, Wanling Deng","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02194-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02194-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A direct current (DC) compact model for negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs) based on a metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) structure is proposed, considering the influence of deep-level interface trap states. To overcome the bottleneck problem of accurately and efficiently solving models, an explicit algorithm is developed, which is used to solve the complex Landau–Devonshire (LD) formula for the second-order phase transitions in physical models and the transcendental equation of trap density of states and surface potential. Compared with existing algorithms based on analytical surface potential, the new method does not require the numerical methods involving several iterations to obtain more accurate results, and the model can accurately reflect the opposite control effect of interface traps on surface potential and current under different ferroelectric (FE) thicknesses. The high precision of the model was verified through comprehensive numerical calculations and experimental data, indicating that the model can be effectively applied to circuit simulation design under low-power condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 5","pages":"945 - 956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and vibrational properties of GeS2 using HSE03: a first-principle investigation","authors":"Geoffrey Tse","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02196-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02196-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Density functional theory (DFT) has sparked intense interest in computational material predictions, especially in electronic band structure, optical dielectric functions, elastic moduli, and phonon calculations using non-local hybrid functionals. Using the first-principle-based calculations, a wide direct Γ-Γ bandgap <i>E</i><sub>g</sub> of 2.68 eV has been reported. Our partial density of states (PDOS) data also demonstrate that the substance exhibits metallic properties, based on the nonzero density of states at Fermi-level <i>E</i><sub>F</sub>. Still, what is more, our computational data show the orbital hybridization between Ge 4s<sup>2</sup> and S 3p<sup>4</sup> electron states on the valence level, and a strong repulsive force occurs on both Ge and S p electron orbitals. The optical absorption coefficient calculated can reach up to 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>, indicating good material absorption. Our elastic information provided predicts substance ductility and ionic-covalency of the group IV-VI material. We have also added Vickers hardness and machinability index to our publication, for the sake of completeness. Finally, the slight system instability and weak coupling of the GeS<sub>2</sub> material have been observed, according to our phonon dispersion and density of phonon states plot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 5","pages":"968 - 976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WCl3 monolayer: a first principles prediction of electronic and magnetic properties under an external electric field","authors":"Md. Azaharuddin Ahmed, A. L. Safi","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02195-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02195-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This current study focuses on predicting the electronic and magnetic behaviors of WCl<sub>3</sub> monolayer when subjected to an external electric field. Unlike CrI<sub>3</sub>, the WCl<sub>3</sub> monolayer displays a preference for an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state with an in-plane easy axis. This AFM state remains consistent across the entire spectrum (0–1 V/Å) of the external electric field. The indirect electronic band gap of the WCl<sub>3</sub> monolayer is predicted to be about 2.16 eV. Through our analysis, we’ve identified that the dominance of the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum stems mainly from the <span>({d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}})</span> orbital (52% contribution) and the <span>({d}_{{z}^{2}})</span> orbital (97% contribution) respectively, attributed to the W element. The majority of electronic transitions related to the band gap arise due to these specific orbitals. Furthermore, the application of an external electric field can adjust the band gap to zero, prompting a transition from semiconductor to metal at an electric field intensity of <i>E</i> = 0.9 V/Å. Using mean field theory, we estimate the Neel temperature (<i>T</i><sub>N</sub>) of the AFM system to be approximately 356 K, a notably high value surpassing room temperature. Moreover, the application of an electric field demonstrates the potential to further elevate the Neel temperature, crucial for the functionality of high-temperature spintronic devices. Our comprehensive examination also delves into the magnetic anisotropy of the WCl<sub>3</sub> monolayer. The analysis of magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) indicates that, contrary to the CrI<sub>3</sub> monolayer, the transition metal W significantly contributes to the system’s MAE, which is predicted to be − <span>(3.44text{ meV}/text{W})</span>. The magnetic easy axis aligns along the <span>(x)</span> direction (in-plane).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 5","pages":"957 - 967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma-assisted carbon nanotube for solar cell application","authors":"Suraj Kumar Singh, Ishu Sharma, Suresh C. Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02188-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02188-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigated a method for improving the efficiency of solar cells through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which were used as the absorber layer of the solar cell. The CNTs were generated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The use of the PECVD-generated CNTs in the absorber layer of the solar cell was found to increase the electrical conductivity due to the introduction of a large number of free charge carriers in the form of electrons and holes. We were thus able for the first time to estimate a relation between plasma variables and the efficiency of the proposed solar cell. The results showed that an increase in electron and ion density resulted in an increase in the efficiency of the solar cell, whereas an increase in electron and ion temperature led to a decrease in efficiency. We also studied the variation in efficiency in relation to the absorber layer of the proposed solar cell structure. The results obtained were consistent with those from previous studies based on solar cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 4","pages":"884 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A computational investigation on the adsorption behavior of bromoacetone on B36 borophene nanosheets","authors":"Meriem Taier, Hamza Allal, Salim Bousba, Fathi Bouhadiouche, Soumeya Maza, Maamar Damous, Ahlem Boussadia","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02192-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02192-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Density functional theory (DFT) methods are employed to investigate the capability of B<sub>36</sub> borophene nanosheets as sensors for detecting the bromoacetone (BCT) molecule. An evaluation of the structural and electronic properties of both BCT and B<sub>36</sub> borophene is conducted. Subsequently, through computed metrics such as adsorption energy, charge density difference, and density of states, the interaction between B<sub>36</sub> and the BCT molecule is examined via dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). Employing the reduced density gradient approach for the analysis of non-covalent interactions, we further explored the nature of these interactions. The obtained results illustrate that B<sub>36</sub> borophene nanosheets serve as effective sensors for the BCT molecule, showcasing their ability to adsorb up to five BCT molecules through an exothermic process. BCT molecules chemiadsorb onto B<sub>36</sub> borophene by forming B‒O covalent bonds, engaging the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in BCT with the edge boron atoms of B<sub>36</sub> borophene. Additionally, BCT molecules physio-adsorb on both the concave and convex sides of B<sub>36</sub> borophene, facilitated by van der Waals interactions. Ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations confirm the thermal stability of the BCT@B<sub>36</sub> concave and convex complexes at both 300 K and 400 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 5","pages":"931 - 944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The energy-loss tensor in the bilayer and monolayer graphene: the role of many-body effects","authors":"E. Rostampour","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02182-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02182-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy-loss tensor of bilayer and monolayer graphene is calculated according to the model expressed in Su et al. (Phys Rev Lett 42: 1698 1979). The size and geometry of the nanoscale carbon systems play an important role in their optical properties. Absorption bands of bilayer and monolayer graphene in the 2.81–8.0 eV region indicate sharp structures in each band. The molecular structure of these bands is localized and their crystalline order is long-range. In the x-direction of the electric field, the dielectric tensor and the energy-loss tensor of bilayer and monolayer graphene have the maximum amount. The importance of results for diamond, fullerene, graphite, and graphene is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 4","pages":"782 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Donor-induced electrically charged defect levels: examining the role of indium and n-type defect-complexes in germanium","authors":"Emmanuel Igumbor","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02179-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02179-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defect levels induced by defect-complexes in Ge play important roles in device fabrication, characterization, and processing. However, only a few defect levels induced by defect-complexes have been studied, hence limiting the knowledge of how to control the activities of numerous unknown defect-complexes in Ge. In this study, hybrid density functional theory calculations of defect-complexes involving oversize atom (indium) and <i>n</i>-type impurity atoms in Ge were performed. The formation energies, defect-complex stability, and electrical characteristics of induced defect levels in Ge were predicted. Under equilibrium conditions, the formation energy of the defect-complexes was predicted to be within the range of 5.90–11.38 eV. The defect-complexes formed by P and In atoms are the most stable defects with binding energy in the range of 3.31-3.33 eV. Defect levels acting as donors were induced in the band gap of the host Ge. Additionally, while shallow defect levels close to the conduction band were strongly induced by the interactions of Sb, P, and As interstitials with dopant (In), the double donors resulting from the interactions between P, As, N, and the host atoms including In atom are deep, leading to recombination centers. The results of this study could be applicable in device characterization, where the interaction of In atom and <i>n</i>-type impurities in Ge is essential. This report is important as it provides a theoretical understanding of the formation and control of donor-related defect-complexes in Ge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 4","pages":"697 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10825-024-02179-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning sensitivity of bimetallic, MXene and graphene-based SPR biosensors for rapid malaria detection: a numerical approach","authors":"Bhishma Karki, Arun Uniyal, Manoj Sharma, Ram Bharos Yadav, Parusharamulu Buduma","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02191-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors to detect different biomolecules quickly and sensitively has attracted much attention. In this work, we use a numerical method to identify malaria phases by exploring the sensitivity adjustment of SPR sensors based on bimetallic, MXene and graphene layers. Effective treatment for malaria, a potentially fatal disease brought on by plasmodium parasites, depends on early identification. Innovative biosensing technologies are necessary since traditional diagnostic procedures frequently lack sensitivity and speed. The transfer matrix method is employed here in this study for reflectance calculation. The COMSOL software finds the electric field distribution across the various layers interfaces. The maximum sensitivity of 301.1667°/RIU has been attained for the proposed work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"23 4","pages":"920 - 929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}