Photonic crystal fiber-based gas sensor for HCN detection in industrial environments

IF 2.5 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Computational Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s10825-025-02395-2

S. Mohamed Nizar, S. Kalpana, S. Abinaya

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Abstract

A gas sensor based on a hexagonally organized core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented in this research. One of the deadly and hazardous gases that contributes to environmental air pollution is hydrogen cyanide. This work presents the design of a novel PCF that provides minimal confinement loss and great sensitivity in the absorption frequency of hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). With a hexagonal core and an outside cladding that has been filled with HCN gas, the suggested sensor is made of four layers of circular air holes in the cladding region. Version 5.4 of the COMSOL Multiphysics Software is utilized as a simulation and design tool. The findings are simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The result shows that at a frequency of 0.75 THz, the PCF provides a low confinement loss of zero for maximum input frequency and a high relative sensitivity of 91%. The effect of raising the HCN concentration on confinement loss and relative sensitivity is examined. Compared to existing sensors, the proposed PCF’s superior sensitivity and low confinement losses suggest that this optical structure could be a viable option for detecting this gas in both industrial and medical applications. We are certain that the sensor’s contribution to useful applications and its optimized geometrical structure will make it easy to manufacture. Additionally, our suggested PCF fiber will be perfect for a variety of businesses in the terahertz (THz) zones.

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用于工业环境中HCN检测的光子晶体光纤气体传感器

提出了一种基于六边形组织芯光子晶体光纤（PCF）的气体传感器。造成环境空气污染的致命有害气体之一是氰化氢。本工作提出了一种新型PCF的设计，它提供了最小的约束损失和对氰化氢气体（HCN）吸收频率的高灵敏度。该传感器具有六角形核心和充满HCN气体的外部包层，在包层区域由四层圆形空气孔组成。使用COMSOL Multiphysics Software 5.4版本作为仿真和设计工具。采用有限元法对研究结果进行了模拟。结果表明，在0.75太赫兹频率下，PCF的最大输入频率约束损耗为零，相对灵敏度高达91%。研究了提高HCN浓度对约束损失和相对灵敏度的影响。与现有的传感器相比，所提出的PCF具有优越的灵敏度和低约束损耗，这表明这种光学结构在工业和医疗应用中都可以成为检测这种气体的可行选择。我们相信，传感器的贡献有用的应用和其优化的几何结构将使其易于制造。此外，我们建议的PCF光纤将非常适合太赫兹（THz）区域的各种业务。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Computational Electronics ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC-PHYSICS, APPLIED

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.80%

发文量

142

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： he Journal of Computational Electronics brings together research on all aspects of modeling and simulation of modern electronics. This includes optical, electronic, mechanical, and quantum mechanical aspects, as well as research on the underlying mathematical algorithms and computational details. The related areas of energy conversion/storage and of molecular and biological systems, in which the thrust is on the charge transport, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties, are also covered. In particular, we encourage manuscripts dealing with device simulation; with optical and optoelectronic systems and photonics; with energy storage (e.g. batteries, fuel cells) and harvesting (e.g. photovoltaic), with simulation of circuits, VLSI layout, logic and architecture (based on, for example, CMOS devices, quantum-cellular automata, QBITs, or single-electron transistors); with electromagnetic simulations (such as microwave electronics and components); or with molecular and biological systems. However, in all these cases, the submitted manuscripts should explicitly address the electronic properties of the relevant systems, materials, or devices and/or present novel contributions to the physical models, computational strategies, or numerical algorithms.