Integration-The Vlsi Journal最新文献

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A broadband low-noise VCO circuit based on a hybrid analog-digital control loop
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102374
Lixia Zheng, Yuxiao Li, Zilu Zhao, Hehe Tian, Jin Wu, Weifeng Sun
{"title":"A broadband low-noise VCO circuit based on a hybrid analog-digital control loop","authors":"Lixia Zheng,&nbsp;Yuxiao Li,&nbsp;Zilu Zhao,&nbsp;Hehe Tian,&nbsp;Jin Wu,&nbsp;Weifeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the need for high-performance, broadband PLL frequency synthesizers in modern RF transceivers, this paper designs a broadband, low-noise VCO circuit using 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The VCO system employs multi-core integration and switched-capacitor arrays, integrating seven narrowband VCOs for full wideband frequency coverage. To mitigate phase noise exacerbated by VCO output swing fluctuations with frequency and PVT, a digital-analog hybrid control loop is designed for dynamic swing calibration. A novel amplitude control module utilizes current mirroring to stabilize VCO cross-coupled transistors, replacing tail current sources, enhancing calibration accuracy and reducing phase noise. The VCO circuit was tested on a lock-in frequency synthesizer chip at room temperature, and the test results show that the tuning frequency range of the VCO system is 7.22–15.12 GHz, the absolute value of the voltage-controlled gain is less than 200 MHz/V, and the phase noise at the 14.5 GHz carrier with 1 MHz frequency deviation is −116.61 dBc/Hz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143288288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-speed serial interface equalization tuning using metaheuristics
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102369
Adán Torralba-Ayance, Astrid Maritza González-Zapata, Alejandro Díaz-Sánchez
{"title":"High-speed serial interface equalization tuning using metaheuristics","authors":"Adán Torralba-Ayance,&nbsp;Astrid Maritza González-Zapata,&nbsp;Alejandro Díaz-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work tests and confirms the capability of the Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the equalization coefficients used in High-Speed Serial Interfaces (HSIO) to compensate the channel frequency dependent losses. To test the algorithm, a HSIO system with a Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE), Continuous Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE) and Direct Feedback Equalizer (DFE) were modeled and tested for channels with different losses. Results indicate that the PSO algorithm successfully obtain the optimal equalization coefficients simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Third-order resonance networks and their application to chaos generation
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102348
Ahmed S. Elwakil , Brent J. Maundy , Costas Psychalinos , Amr Elsonbaty
{"title":"Third-order resonance networks and their application to chaos generation","authors":"Ahmed S. Elwakil ,&nbsp;Brent J. Maundy ,&nbsp;Costas Psychalinos ,&nbsp;Amr Elsonbaty","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we re-visit third-order RLC resonance networks depicting the set of four basic series and parallel resonance circuits where two circuits are admittance based (parallel resonance) and the other two are impedance-based (series resonance). We show that all circuits exhibit resonance at a single frequency and derive its expression. However, all circuits also have another below-resonance or above-resonance critical frequency at which the input impedance (or admittance) is zero. We call this frequency, the <em>dip-frequency</em> and a change in phase also occurs at this frequency. Therefore, the third-order resonance networks exhibit two phase changes: one at the resonance frequency and another at the <em>dip frequency</em>. An application in realizing third-order non-autonomous chaotic oscillators is described and experimental results are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A simulation optimization method for Verilog-AMS IBIS model under overclocking
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102364
Yafei Ning , Zirui Zhang , Yuan Dong , Ziqi Zhang , Yuhan Xia
{"title":"A simulation optimization method for Verilog-AMS IBIS model under overclocking","authors":"Yafei Ning ,&nbsp;Zirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Dong ,&nbsp;Ziqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) model has effectively described the electrical characteristics of circuit input and output ports while safeguarding intellectual property. This model focuses on the analysis of the analog behavior of digital integrated circuits, specifically focusing on the electrical characteristic of I/O buffers, by considering the voltage and current waveforms of the digital I/O signals. However, under overclocking conditions, the model experiences distortion and reduced accuracy due to decreased circuit stability. To address this limitation, we introduce an optimized model designed to resist simulation distortions in the IBIS model during overclocking. First, we defined the relevant variables based on the IBIS circuit and constructed a physical model framework. Next, we studied the monotonicity and sufficient conditions of the physical model, established the relationship between model output and variable parameters, and derived the corresponding IBIS mathematical relationship. Then, to address distortion under overclocking conditions, we adjusted the model variables by setting weighting coefficients tailored to different scenarios, ensuring the output values were closer to the baseline model and significantly enhancing the model's resilience against overclocking distortions. Extensive optimization experiments on three different devices confirm the general applicability of our proposed method, achieving optimization rates exceeding 90 % while maintaining high consistency with the TL baseline model. Notably, our approach improves overclocking simulation accuracy by 21.7 % with only a 2.2 % increase in CPU time, surpassing existing methods. This work addresses the IBIS model's overclocking distortion issue, significantly advancing the accuracy of circuit device simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An on-chip temperature sensor with 0.5 °C resolution and 0.34% linearity error using 180-nm CMOS process
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102362
Chua-Chin Wang , Pradyumna Vellanki , Shih-Heng Luo , Ralph Gerard B. Sangalang
{"title":"An on-chip temperature sensor with 0.5 °C resolution and 0.34% linearity error using 180-nm CMOS process","authors":"Chua-Chin Wang ,&nbsp;Pradyumna Vellanki ,&nbsp;Shih-Heng Luo ,&nbsp;Ralph Gerard B. Sangalang","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation demonstrates an on-chip temperature sensor with a maximum linear error less than 0.4% and 0.5 °C resolution. The design comprises Current-to-Frequency Converters (CFC), complementary (CTAT), and proportional (PTAT) to absolute temperature current generator circuits. Most important of all, the proposed sensor is featured with the ratio of these two currents to enhance the linearity and high resolution. The proposed sensor was realized using a 180-nm CMOS process. The core area is 0.196 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. The measurement results show 0.3484% maximum linearity error for the PTAT/CTAT ratio. The maximum output frequency of the temperature detector is 4.817 MHz, with the highest power consumption of 20.13 mW. It was proved to be used in a –40 °C<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>100 °C temperature detection range with 0.5 °C resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamical behaviors of the simple chaotic system with coexisting attractors and its synchronous application
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102368
Shaohui Yan, Rong Lu, Hanbing Zhang
{"title":"Dynamical behaviors of the simple chaotic system with coexisting attractors and its synchronous application","authors":"Shaohui Yan,&nbsp;Rong Lu,&nbsp;Hanbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple 3D dissipative chaotic system with coexisting attractors is constructed in this paper. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed using numerical simulations of phase space and bifurcation diagrams as the parameters and initial conditions are varied. The amplitude of the state variable can be flexibly controlled by introducing the offset boosting, providing a controllable capability for the system. By analyzing and comparing the complexity, the initial condition with higher complexity is selected and used for synchronization control. The system is then subjected to circuit implementation. Finally, the synchronization of chaotic systems is realized by two synchronization methods, namely backstepping synchronization and finite-time synchronization. And the merits and drawbacks of the two synchronization methods are briefly compared and summarized. In contrast, finite-time synchronization demonstrates good performance, achieving synchronization times of 0.61 s and 0.81 s under different initial conditions. Thus, a circuit simulation for finite-time synchronization is conducted, with results consistent with the numerical simulation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143288289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CDA-GC: An effective cache data allocation for garbage collection in flash-based solid-state drives
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102359
Keyu Wang , Huailiang Tan , Zaihong He , Jinyou Li , Keqin Li
{"title":"CDA-GC: An effective cache data allocation for garbage collection in flash-based solid-state drives","authors":"Keyu Wang ,&nbsp;Huailiang Tan ,&nbsp;Zaihong He ,&nbsp;Jinyou Li ,&nbsp;Keqin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the research of solid-state drive (SSD) performance enhancement, constructing an efficient garbage collection (GC) mechanism is crucial for accelerating device operations and extending their service life, especially in large data processing applications like databases and file systems. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the impact of cache management strategies on GC performance and proposes an innovative GC algorithm called Cache Data Allocation GC (CDA-GC). By optimizing data allocation and management within the cache, this algorithm reduces unnecessary data migration during the GC process, thereby improving data processing efficiency and reducing the impact of GC operations on device performance. The core of CDA-GC lies in its innovative cache data management strategy, which can significantly reduce the data migration demands during the GC process. This method not only improves the overall processing performance of SSDs but also reduces the adverse impact of GC activities on device performance by optimizing data access patterns. We implemented and validated the algorithm on the Cosmos+ OpenSSD platform and compared it with existing advanced SSD caching strategies in real-world scenarios. Experimental results show that in database and file system applications, the CDA-GC algorithm can effectively improve performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 2.69-ppm/°C curvature-compensated BJT-based bandgap voltage reference
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102361
Hamidreza Rashidian , Iman Soltani , Mohammad Maghsoudi
{"title":"A 2.69-ppm/°C curvature-compensated BJT-based bandgap voltage reference","authors":"Hamidreza Rashidian ,&nbsp;Iman Soltani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Maghsoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a BJT-based bandgap reference circuit, aiming to minimize the temperature coefficient and active area for low-power and compact applications. A curvature compensation technique is introduced to enhance the temperature coefficient and extend the operational temperature range. The proposed BGR, simulated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process, demonstrates a simulated reference voltage of 0.269 V and TC of 2.69 ppm/°C for the reference output across a wide temperature range of −50 °C–150 °C. Furthermore, the proposed circuit occupies a compact silicon area of 0.0054 mm<sup>2</sup>, shows a line regulation 0.46 %/V, and consumes a power of 22.07 μW at 25 °C. The proposed bandgap reference circuit well-suited for providing reference voltages in various integrated circuits, particularly in high-precision low-power applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fractional-Order PI/PD and PID Controllers in Power Electronics: The step-down converter case
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102360
Allan G.S. Sánchez , F.J. Pérez-Pinal
{"title":"Fractional-Order PI/PD and PID Controllers in Power Electronics: The step-down converter case","authors":"Allan G.S. Sánchez ,&nbsp;F.J. Pérez-Pinal","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, generalization for fractional-order PI/PD and PID approximations are synthesized and used to regulate output voltage of DC–DC step-down converter. A non-integer order proposal will be introduced by the fractional Laplacian operator, approximated by a bi-quadratic module within a bandwidth, exhibiting a flat phase curve exploited to enhance transient/permanent characteristics and system robustness. Non-integer order approach has been successfully merged with PI/PD and PID classic controllers and resulting structures showed feasibility and potential. Synthesized controllers are tested in a closed-loop control diagram to determine an effective, stable and fast regulation characteristic. In addition, electrical diagrams for controllers implementation are described. Numerical and experimental results are provided to corroborate proposal effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chaos-based approaches to data security: Analysis of incommensurate fractional-order Arneodo chaotic system and engineering application on a microcomputer
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Integration-The Vlsi Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102355
Akif Akgül , Mustafa Yaz , Berkay Emi̇n
{"title":"Chaos-based approaches to data security: Analysis of incommensurate fractional-order Arneodo chaotic system and engineering application on a microcomputer","authors":"Akif Akgül ,&nbsp;Mustafa Yaz ,&nbsp;Berkay Emi̇n","doi":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vlsi.2025.102355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the Arneodo chaotic system was designed as an incommensurate fractional-order system, and the equilibrium points, time series, and phase portraits of the system were obtained, while the Lyapunov exponents were calculated. The incommensurate fractional-order system was modeled and simulated on the Nvidia Jetson AGX Orin, and its practical applications were realized with the designed electronic circuit. The chaotic equations were discretized via the Grünwald–Letnikov method, and a random number generator (RNG) based on an embedded system was implemented using the proposed algorithm. The RNG successfully met the criteria of international statistical evaluations, including NIST 800-22, FIPS 140-1, and ENT, thereby serving as a foundation for encryption and steganography algorithms. An original image encryption algorithm based on an embedded system was developed using the incommensurate fractional-order chaotic RNG. Encryption algorithm performance was evaluated through various security analyses, demonstrating the success of the incommensurate fractional-order Arneodo (IFOAR) system in embedded encryption applications. Furthermore, an embedded system-based image steganography algorithm was developed using the designed RNG, providing two-level security. The effectiveness of incommensurate chaotic system in steganography applications has been proved by various security analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54973,"journal":{"name":"Integration-The Vlsi Journal","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143288595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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