{"title":"Enhancing AC degradation modeling by considering the degradation profile in SiON pMOSFETs","authors":"Yeohyeok Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a method to enhance the prediction accuracy of SiON <em>p</em>MOSFET degradation under AC stress. The degradation occurring in the preceding stage (pre-ON or OFF-state) is analyzed by extract the <em>V</em><sub><em>th</em></sub> degradation profile, which influences the subsequent stage (post-OFF or ON-state). As a result, the negative charge generated by stress in the pre-OFF-state increased the gate oxide field in the post-ON-state, accelerating the degradation of the post-ON-state. This phenomenon became more localized at the drain edge. The positive charge generated by pre-ON-state non-uniformly altered the electric field between the gate and channel, accelerating degradation due to post-OFF-state, especially at the source and drain region. Furthermore, integrating post-ON and OFF-state degradation models for each channel region during the effective period of AC stress improved the accuracy of <em>V</em><sub><em>th</em></sub> degradation modeling for SiON <em>p</em>MOSFETs under various duty ratios of AC stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrosion failure analysis of printed circuit boards exposed to H2S resulting from the decomposition of sargassum algae","authors":"Benoit Lescop , Olivia Amintas , Carole Boullanger , Stéphane Rioual","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work analyzed the corrosion failure of a printed circuit board (PCB) exposed to atmosphere of the island of Martinique (located in the Caribbean Sea). This island suffered from the stranding of <em>sargassum</em> algae, which decompose and release toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S). The morphology and properties of the corrosion products were determined using visual inspection, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Sulfur species were observed in corrosion products, demonstrating the impact of <em>sargassum</em> stranding on air corrosivity. RFID silver corrosion sensors were installed to study the corrosion rate in Martinique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sensors confirmed the impact of hydrogen sulfide on corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analytical model for calculating transient temperatures of 3-D integrated system considering heat capacity variations","authors":"Xin Jin, Junqin Zhang, Luhao Zhai, Wenting Chen, Guangbao Shan, Yintang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constant pressure heat capacity is an important property that affects thermal diffusivity when calculating the transient temperature of three-dimensional (3-D) integrated systems, but current analytical models usually do not consider the effect of heat capacity. Acknowledging the temperature-dependent nature of heat capacity for materials within the AlN-substrate-based 3-D integrated system, a novel anisotropic transient thermal analytical model that takes into account the heat capacity's temperature-dependent variation is proposed. Initially, the AlN substrate, integrated with a through ceramic via (TCV) array, is modeled as a homogenized structure utilizing the equivalent thermal conductivity (ETC) model. Subsequently, an anisotropic transient thermal analytical model based on Fourier series was established, and the heat capacity values of various materials in the analytical model were updated in real time. The analytical model was compared with the finite element method (FEM), showing a relative error of about 0.73 % in the transient peak temperature predictions, which indicates a high level of agreement with the FEM results. Furthermore, the time required to extract the transient peak temperature within a 10-s simulation using our analytical model was only 0.43 s, which is 885 times faster than the FEM. This demonstrates that the proposed model excels in computational precision and velocity, offering a reliable and efficient strategy for predicting the thermal management needs of 3-D integrated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New methodology for optimal preconditioning of GaN HEMT devices","authors":"Maroun Alam , Valeria Rustichelli , Christophe Banc , Jean-François Pieprzyk , Olivier Perrotin , Romain Ceccarelli , David Trémouilles , Mohamed Matmat , Fabio Coccetti","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) based on p-type Gallium Nitride (p-GaN) gate have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation high frequency and high-power applications. However, these devices present a threshold-voltage (V<sub>th</sub>) fluctuation impacting their performance and reliability over time. While V<sub>th</sub> fluctuations have been commonly associated with device aging, recent research has uncovered evidence suggesting that certain variations are unrelated to aging effects but rather stem from potentially recoverable trapping phenomena.</div><div>This study has demonstrated that the biases applied to the gate and drain contribute to the observed variations in V<sub>th</sub>. To mitigate these fluctuations, a systematic methodology is proposed for establishing an optimal preconditioning protocol capable of stabilizing the V<sub>th</sub> and ensuring consistent device measurements over different biasing conditions. The optimal electrical preconditioning protocol involves applying a defined voltage to the gate and or to the drain right before V<sub>th</sub> measurement, ensuring an acceptable stability of V<sub>th</sub> measurements. Furthermore, our findings illustrate that the preconditioning protocol is dependent on the technology of the reference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC and RF aging test of AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology on SiC substrate","authors":"Thomas Pallaro , Tristan Dubois , Magali De Matos , Christophe Chang , Nathalie Labat , Benoit Lambert , Nathalie Malbert","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article focuses on the comprehensive evaluation of performance and robustness in microwave AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The study investigates whether the degradation mechanisms observed during DC aging test align with those observed during RF aging test. A time-domain load-pull setup (1.8 GHz – 18 GHz) is utilized to measure key parameters during RF stresses and characterize the devices, highlighting key differences in degradation mechanisms between RF and DC aging tests. These findings shed light on the behavior of HEMTs when subjected to a RF signal, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive analysis for ensuring device reliability in practical scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Carlotto, Fabiana Rampazzo, Marco Saro, Francesco De Pieri, Manuel Fregolent, Carlo De Santi, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Matteo Meneghini, Enrico Zanoni
{"title":"Study of trapping mechanisms affecting AlGaN/GaN HEMTs adopting AlGaN back-barriers with different aluminum concentrations","authors":"Andrea Carlotto, Fabiana Rampazzo, Marco Saro, Francesco De Pieri, Manuel Fregolent, Carlo De Santi, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Matteo Meneghini, Enrico Zanoni","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of different Aluminum concentrations in the AlGaN back-barrier on short-channel and dispersion effects of 0.45 μm-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been studied. Four samples have been tested, one as reference without back-barrier but with a Fe-doped GaN buffer, and three with an AlGaN back-barrier with respectively a 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 % Aluminum. Back-barrier devices have lower current collapse with respect to the reference, the latter being affected by trapping at Fe-induced defects and at deep levels induced by residual C. Devices with 1.5 % Al show subthreshold characteristics comparable with those of reference, but 50 % lower current collapse. 1 % Al back-barrier devices show very low drain-source leakage in pinch-off conditions and as a consequence the lowest dispersion effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingqi Wang , Yuchen Song , Runze Yu , Shengwei Meng , Yu Peng , Datong Liu
{"title":"Spacecraft sensor data reliability improvement based on spatio-temporal information fusion model","authors":"Yingqi Wang , Yuchen Song , Runze Yu , Shengwei Meng , Yu Peng , Datong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacecraft sensor data is crucial for evaluating the operating status and environment of spacecraft. However, due to factors such as component aging, space environment interference, and unstable satellite-to-ground communication, obtaining high-reliability sensor data is challenging. Additionally, the high dimensionality, complex correlations, strong temporal dependencies, and noise in sensor data further complicate efforts to improve data reliability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a sensor reliability improvement method based on a multi-layer spatio-temporal information fusion model (STIFM). First, a moving average filter is applied to the raw data to reduce the impact of noise on modeling. Next, the Transformer model is used to establish data estimation models for different sensors in spatial scale and the same sensor in temporal scale. The outputs from these spatiotemporal models are then fused using particle filtering, and the uncertainty of the results is quantitatively assessed. Based on this, data anomaly detection and recovery are performed using the confidence interval of the STIFM output. Finally, the proposed method is validated using satellite flywheel on-orbit data. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves at least 93.55 % accuracy in abnormal scenarios and significantly extends the mean time to failures (MTTF), outperforming existing methods. This indicates that the method proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the reliability of spacecraft sensor data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F.-E. Indmeskine , L. Saintis , A. Kobi , H. Marceau
{"title":"Design-of-Experiments and ALT plan for reliability qualification of chip resistors based on mission profile of AIMDs","authors":"F.-E. Indmeskine , L. Saintis , A. Kobi , H. Marceau","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chip resistors are integral components of electronic devices, including Active Implantable Medical Devices. This work, as part of RECOME project, is focusing on developing a methodology for defining accelerated life test plans to qualify chip resistors as per the mission profile of AIMDs. This will be done by combining design of experiments and accelerated life tests associated with failure mechanisms. Defining test protocols, such as thermal cycling, will be a critical component of this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alumina layers deposited with different precursors for different microelectronic applications","authors":"Vl. Kolkovsky, R. Stübner","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alumina thin films are widely used as barriers in HF etch processes in modern microelectronics. In various microelectronic applications, films deposited on driving electrodes of MEMS devices, such as those made of alumina, might be responsible for various charging effects leading to the degradation of actuator performances. This necessitates high-quality alumina layers with a low density of defects and interface states. In the present study, we compare the electrical properties of alumina layers deposited with different oxidants (ozone and water) using the atomic layer deposition technique. Capacitance-voltage measurements reveal that all as-deposited alumina layers contain negatively charged defects, but their concentration is significantly higher in layers prepared with ozone. The origin of these defects will be discussed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the density of interface states in layers prepared with ozone is also significantly higher compared to those prepared with water. However, this can be optimized by varying the deposition temperature or the flow of O<sub>3</sub>. Such defects also influence current-voltage characteristics, which are also analysed in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohui Zhao , Hao Zheng , Zhiyan Zhao , Mengxuan Cheng , Wenqian Li , Guoshun Wan , Yuxi Jia
{"title":"Warpage prediction of fan-out wafer-level package based on coupled deep learning and finite element simulation","authors":"Xiaohui Zhao , Hao Zheng , Zhiyan Zhao , Mengxuan Cheng , Wenqian Li , Guoshun Wan , Yuxi Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microrel.2025.115759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, fan-out wafer-level package (FOWLP) has gained widespread attention in integrated circuit industry due to its significant potential in enhancing packaging performance, reducing costs and minimizing size. However, accurate prediction of warpage in FOWLP remains a formidable challenge, as conventional prediction methods often suffer from prolonged iterative cycles and high computational costs. This study integrates the finite element method (FEM) with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to develop highly accurate and efficient warpage prediction model for FOWLP based on varying chip sizes and spacings. Automated modeling and data generation were performed using simulation technique and python scripts, resulting in the creation of two datasets of different scales for regression training and optimization. Prediction results indicate that Residual Network-152 (ResNet-152) performs best on smaller datasets, while Global Context Vision Transformer-Tiny (GCViT-Tiny) exhibits greater stability on larger datasets. The Huber loss function was employed to optimize the deep learning (DL) model weights through backpropagation, significantly improving both training efficiency and prediction accuracy. Additionally, the reliability and practicality of the DL model were validated by performing simulations and AI predictions on structures not included in the dataset. Finally, the trained DL model provided brief technical guidance for optimizing warpage in wafers for the integrated circuit industry. In terms of efficiency, DL models offer a clear advantage in industrial applications. The research results provide effective theoretical support and practical guidance for FOWLP optimum design and reliability assessment, demonstrating significant application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51131,"journal":{"name":"Microelectronics Reliability","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 115759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}