Kamal Solanki;Swati Verma;Pankaj Kumar Das;P.P. Paltani;Manoj Kumar Majumder
{"title":"Ab Initio Modeling of Doped/Undoped ArGNR Sensors for No2 Detection","authors":"Kamal Solanki;Swati Verma;Pankaj Kumar Das;P.P. Paltani;Manoj Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421334","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421334","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000) pollutants have captured significant attention due to their profound influence on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; hence, high-performance monitoring systems for pollutants are imperative to safeguard the well-being of individuals. In this regard, a hydrogen-passivated two-probe Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon (ArGNR) gas sensor utilizing a doped/undoped configuration can be considered to mitigate the NO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 pollutants. Therefore, this research, for the first time, examines the influence of channel length and transport properties on the \u0000<italic>i-v</i>\u0000 behavior of NO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 pollutants for doped/undoped ArGNR-based sensors. The electronic properties are rigorously examined using the density function theory (DFT) within the linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) and semi-empirical computation techniques, leveraging principles derived from non-equilibrium Green's function. In comparison to the undoped ArGNR, the BAs doped ArGNR exhibits superior chemisorption energy of −2.3 eV (with spin effect) and −3.3 eV (without spin effect), coupled with the substantial bandgap variation of −10.22, 36.50% (with spin effect) and 100% (without spin effect), at the \u0000<italic>B</i>\u0000 and \u0000<italic>As</i>\u0000 sites, respectively. In addition, a high quantum transport spectrum of 57% and significant current variations of 95% and 77% at the \u0000<italic>B</i>\u0000 and \u0000<italic>As</i>\u0000 sites, respectively, upon the NO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 adsorption. These findings suggest that the B-As-doped ArGNR sensor provides a promising solution for susceptible NO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 detection.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"567-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ritu Poonia;Lava Bhargava;Aasif Mohammad Bhat;C. Periasamy
{"title":"Recessed Trench Gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT for pH Monitoring: Design and Sensitivity Evaluation","authors":"Ritu Poonia;Lava Bhargava;Aasif Mohammad Bhat;C. Periasamy","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3422181","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3422181","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposed a recessed trench gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT for a potential of hydrogen ion (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm H^+$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) sensing by eliminating the need for a reference electrode. The proposed device performance has been optimized by simulating the device with the help of the ATLAS device simulation tool, considering the pH model. The sensing surface has been functionalized with APTES to improve the sensor's performance to activate the binding sites. The impact of pH solution on the device characteristic alters the threshold voltage sensitivity, drain current sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. The effect of gate voltage in terms of maximum \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm g_{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 has also been optimized for the maximum sensitivity of the device to the pH solution. The device linearity has been utilized for \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm VIP_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm IIP_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm IMD_{4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The average threshold voltage sensitivity obtained is 160.56 mV/pH, higher than the Nernstian limit (59 mV/pH), and the current sensitivity obtained is 22.93 mA/mm.pH. The device's reliability has been optimized by addressing sensor output drift across various temperature and humidity conditions. These findings suggest that the proposed structure presents a promising alternative to current ion sensing techniques.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"778-785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Efficient (>36%) Lead-Free Cs2BiAgI6/CIGS Based Double Perovskite Solar Cell (DPSC) With Dual-Graded Light Absorber Layers for Next Generation Photovoltaic (PV) Technologies","authors":"G.P.S. Prashanthi;Umakanta Nanda","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421315","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421315","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a novel emerging technology that are the third generation of solar cells, following wafer-based and thin-film-based predecessors. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology that uses perovskite materials has a significant advantage over conventional solar PV, as it can respond to various light wavelengths and increase the amount of sunlight converted to electricity. In addition, PSCs are flexible, semi-transparent, customizable, lightweight, and have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Through the use of dual-graded light absorber/active layers, and double perovskite lead-free material Cs\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000BiAgI\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, this study seeks to increase the efficiency of PSCs. A unique device structure (ITO/ZnO/Double Perovskite Cs\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000BiAgI\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/CIGS/High purity Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) of lead-free double perovskite material-based solar cell has been simulated using the SCAPS-1D one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator. The optimized solar cell output parameters achieved in this work include voltage in an open circuit (Voc) of 1.2258 V, current density in a short circuit (Jsc) of 34.292 mA/cm\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, fill factor (FF) of 85.95\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 36.13\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, which gets close to the single-junction PSCs' Shockley-Queisser Efficiency (SQ) limit.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"554-561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Signal-Processing Application Based on Ferroelectric Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor","authors":"Been Kwak;Daewoong Kwon;Hyunwoo Kim","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421263","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3421263","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a ferroelectric tunnel field-effect transistor (Fe-TFET) capable of implementing three types of signal processing for frequency doubler, phase shifter, and signal follower. In addition, we verify its I/O characteristics using technology computer-aided design simulations. The proposed Fe-TFET has bidirectional tunneling currents as an inherent TFET characteristic, and the ferroelectric layer's polarization adjusts the device's threshold voltage (\u0000<italic>V</i>\u0000<sub>TH</sub>\u0000). Depending on the degree of polarization by program voltage, the device operating within the input signal range of −0.5 to 0.5 V can be determined by the following current components: 1) source-to-channel tunneling current \u0000<italic>(I</i>\u0000<sub>SC</sub>\u0000), 2) channel-to-drain currents (\u0000<italic>I</i>\u0000<sub>CD</sub>\u0000), and 3) \u0000<italic>I</i>\u0000<sub>SC</sub>\u0000 and \u0000<italic>I</i>\u0000<sub>CD</sub>\u0000. Then, through the mixed-mode circuit simulations, the I/O characteristics from each program condition are confirmed with 1) frequency doubler, 2) phase shifter, and 3) signal follower characteristics using a single Fe-TFET-based circuit. In addition, an investigation of the impact of frequency variations on the three modes reveals no attenuations in output signals. Consequently, the simple configuration and low power consumption, as opposed to conventional signal processing circuit, make the proposed processing method more suitable for analog circuit design.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"562-566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbass Hamadeh;Abbas Koujok;Salvatore Perna;Davi R. Rodrigues;Alejandro Riveros;Vitaliy Lomakin;Giovanni Finocchio;Grégoire de Loubens;Olivier Klein;Philipp Pirro
{"title":"Core Reversal in Vertically Coupled Vortices: Simulation and Experimental Study","authors":"Abbass Hamadeh;Abbas Koujok;Salvatore Perna;Davi R. Rodrigues;Alejandro Riveros;Vitaliy Lomakin;Giovanni Finocchio;Grégoire de Loubens;Olivier Klein;Philipp Pirro","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3420249","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3420249","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducts a comprehensive investigation into the reversal mechanism of magnetic vortex cores in a nanopillar system composed of two coupled ferromagnetic dots under zero magnetic field conditions. The research employs a combination of experimental and simulation methods to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of magnetic vortex cores. The findings reveal that by applying a constant direct current, the orientation of the vortex cores can be manipulated, resulting in a switch in one of the dots at a specific current value. The micromagnetic simulations provide evidence that this switch is a consequence of a deformation in the vortex profile caused by the increasing velocity of the vortex cores resulting from the constant amplitude of the trajectory as frequency increases. These findings offer valuable new insights into the coupled dynamics of magnetic vortex cores and demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating their orientation using direct currents under zero magnetic field conditions. The results of this study have potential implications for the development of vortex-based non-volatile memory technologies.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"549-553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao Du;Yu Zhang;Junmin Zhou;Jiaxiang Chen;Wenbo Ye;Xu Zhang;Qifeng Lyu;Hongzhi Wang;Kei May Lau;Xinbo Zou
{"title":"GaN Nanowire n-i-n Diode Enabled High-Performance UV Machine Vision System","authors":"Haitao Du;Yu Zhang;Junmin Zhou;Jiaxiang Chen;Wenbo Ye;Xu Zhang;Qifeng Lyu;Hongzhi Wang;Kei May Lau;Xinbo Zou","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3416509","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3416509","url":null,"abstract":"Machine vision as an essential component of artificial intelligence poses a significant influence on dimension measurement, quality control, autonomous driving, and so on. In this study, a high-performance ultraviolet (UV) imaging and detection system enabled by Gallium Nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW) n-i-n photodetector (PD) is presented. Based on supreme optoelectronic properties of the NW, including high responsivity of 5098 A/W, a low dark current of 4.88 pA and a photo-to-dark current ratio of 1223, machine vision system composed of a GaN NW array could achieve an accuracy of 96.21%. Furthermore, feasibility of artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) in such a machine vision system is discussed, featuring dim and noisy environment. The visualization process shows that the superiority of CNN over ANN in image recognition is attributed to the capability of extracting spatial information and characteristics. The research results provide important insight into the development of both sensors and algorithms for machine vision systems based on GaN NW PD, inspiring further investigation into UV image detection and other areas of artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"529-534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology-Aware Simulation for Prototyping Molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing","authors":"Federico Ravera;Yuri Ardesi;Gianluca Piccinini;Mariagrazia Graziano","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415790","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415790","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing (molFCN) paradigm encodes digital information in the charge distribution of molecules. The information propagates through electrostatic coupling within molecules, permitting minimal power consumption. Although the promising results in the design of molFCN circuits, a prototype is missing. Therefore, this work moves toward molFCN fabrication by presenting a methodology combining Finite Element Modelling with the SCERPA tool, boosting the simulation accuracy by considering both molecule and device physics. First, this work analyzes nano-trench-based molFCN single-line wires, examining information propagation dependencies on the nano-trench geometries. Then, the analysis of nano-trench-based multi-line wires points out the primary prototype specification to achieve this advantageous molFCN solution. Finally, we demonstrate the nano-trench as a valuable solution to achieve the write-in mechanism. Overall, this paper paves the way for molFCN fabrication-aware simulations for future prototyping.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"521-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10561616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141517023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvis Díaz Machado;Jose Lopez Vicario;Enrique Miranda;Antoni Morell
{"title":"Memristor Crossbar Array Simulation for Deep Learning Applications","authors":"Elvis Díaz Machado;Jose Lopez Vicario;Enrique Miranda;Antoni Morell","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415382","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415382","url":null,"abstract":"Hardware neural networks (HNNs) based on crossbar arrays are expected to be energy-efficient computing architectures for solving complex tasks due to their small feature sizes. Although there exist software libraries able to deal with circuit simulation of memristor networks, they still exceed the memory available of any consumer grade GPU's VRAM for large scale crossbar arrays while having a significant computational complexity. This work discusses an iterative method to implement a fast simulation of the corresponding memristor crossbar array with much more limited memory use.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10559273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-Event Upset in Molecular Quantum Cellular Automata","authors":"Ehsan Rahimi","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3415396","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA) provides a paradigm for molecular electronics in which the configuration of charges at reduction-oxidation centers of molecules encodes binary information, and the electrostatic forces enable performing logic operations at the molecular scale. Cosmic rays or impurities in packaging materials can cause electric charges to tunnel into a QCA cell, leading to single-event upset (SEU). The effect of SUE on the functionality of a majority gate comprised of a QCA cell, in which two cationic molecular dimers interact through intermolecular Coulomb forces, is analyzed using the Hubbard model and full quantum chemical calculations. For this purpose, we introduce a complementary input model within a minimal framework for the molecular QCA majority gate. The response function of a single-input QCA cell and the polarization table of a three-input majority gate are evaluated in normal and SEU operation modes using the complementary input model in conjunction with the Hubbard model and quantum chemical calculations. The \u0000<italic>ab initio</i>\u0000 results indicate the possibility of designing SEU fault-tolerant QCA devices.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"541-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Stability IWO Thin-Film Transistors Under Microwave Annealing for Low Thermal Budget Application","authors":"Yi-Xuan Chen;Yi-Lin Wang;Fu-Jyuan Li;Hui-Hsuan Li;Meng-Chien Lee;Yu-Hsien Lin;Chao-Hsin Chien","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413794","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3413794","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the effects of microwave thermal annealing (MWA) on the electrical performance and stability of Indium-Tungsten-Oxide (IWO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Under MWA treatment at 600 W, the IWO-TFTs exhibited a subthreshold swing (SS) of 144 mV/dec and a threshold voltage (V\u0000<sub>T</sub>\u0000) of 0.9 V, demonstrating superior resistance to stress-induced degradation. The TFTs treated with MWA displayed enhanced performance compared to the as-fabricated ones in bias stress stability. As a result, MWA showed significant potential for repairing defects through post-deposition annealing with a reduced thermal budget, thereby presenting a promising application for developing back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible oxide semiconductor technology.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"516-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}