International Social Security Review最新文献

{"title":"The financial sustainability of public pensions in Cuba: The impact of ageing, structural reforms and the economic crisis","authors":"Carmelo Mesa-Lago,&nbsp;Carla Moreno,&nbsp;Stephen J. Kay","doi":"10.1111/issr.12293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses Cuba’s pension system from 2006–2021 with respect to its financial and actuarial sustainability and impact on the population. It includes discussion of the ageing population; the sharp cut in social expenditures since 2009; the deficit in pension financing and the impact of the 2008 parametric reform; the devaluation of pensions; structural reforms and the expansion of poverty and the curtailing of social assistance; the impact of the current economic crisis on pensions; and projections of the future financial sustainability of pensions.</p><p>Cet article analyse le système de pensions cubain de 2006 à 2021, sous l’angle de sa viabilité financière et actuarielle, et de son impact sur la population. Il traite notamment du vieillissement de la population, de la forte réduction des dépenses sociales depuis 2009, du déficit du financement des pensions et de l’impact de la réforme paramétrique de 2008 ; il aborde également les questions de la dévaluation des pensions, des réformes structurelles, de l’expansion de la pauvreté parallèlement à la réduction de l’aide sociale, de l’impact de la crise économique actuelle sur les pensions ainsi que des projections de la viabilité financière future des pensions.</p><p>En este artículo se analiza el sistema de pensiones de Cuba de 2006 a 2021 desde la perspectiva de su sostenibilidad financiera y actuarial, y de las repercusiones que tiene en la población. Se aborda el envejecimiento de la población, los drásticos recortes del gasto social que se han realizado desde 2009, el déficit de financiación de las pensiones y las repercusiones de la reforma paramétrica de 2008, la devaluación de las pensiones, las reformas estructurales, la expansión de la pobreza y las restricciones en materia de asistencia social, los efectos de la crisis económica actual en las pensiones y las proyecciones sobre la futura sostenibilidad financiera de las pensiones.</p><p>Dieser Artikel analysiert das Rentensystem Kubas in den Jahren 2006 bis 2021 in Bezug auf seine finanzielle und versicherungsmathematische Tragfähigkeit und seine Auswirkungen auf die Bevölkerung. Er befasst sich mit der Bevölkerungsalterung, der massiven Senkung der Sozialausgaben seit 2009, dem Rentenfinanzierungsdefizit und den Auswirkungen der parametrischen Reform von 2008; des Weiteren mit dem Wertzerfall der Renten, den strukturellen Reformen, der Ausbreitung der Armut und den Sozialhilfekürzungen, den Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf die Renten sowie Prognosen für die künftige Rententragfähigkeit.</p><p>В статье анализируется пенсионная система Кубы 2006-2021 годов с точки зрения её финансовой и актуарной устойчивости и воздействия на население. В статье обсуждаются следующие вопросы: старение населения, резкое сокращение социальных расходов с 2009 года, дефицит финансирования пенсий и последствия параметрической реформы 2008 года, девальвация пенсий, структурные реформы и увеличение масштабов нищеты, а также сокращение социальн","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45832814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income protection for self-employed and non-standard workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Slavina Spasova,&nbsp;Pietro Regazzoni","doi":"10.1111/issr.12292","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on original evidence from the European Social Policy Network (ESPN), the article investigates the extent to which self-employed and non-standard workers, who are less protected by “ordinary” social protection, were included in “extraordinary” income protection and job retention schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom. When the crisis hit, countries quickly introduced unprecedented emergency income replacement measures for the self-employed. Nevertheless, most of these schemes provided only basic support through lump sums and were, in some cases, subject to a variety of eligibility conditions. Non-standard workers were in general included in job retention schemes, but substantial gaps remained in some countries. The article discusses how such gaps were addressed in five EU Member States. The article concludes by highlighting some policy pointers for better and more adequate “extraordinary” income protection for the self-employed and non-standard workers in times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349796/pdf/ISSR-75-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that foster and challenge the sustainability of departmental health insurance units in Senegal","authors":"Valéry Ridde,&nbsp;Mouhamadou Faly Ba,&nbsp;Marion Guyot,&nbsp;Babacar Kane,&nbsp;Ndeye Bineta Mbow,&nbsp;Ibrahima Senghor,&nbsp;Adama Faye","doi":"10.1111/issr.12300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an effort to establish universal health coverage (UHC), Senegal set up two departmental health insurance units (UDAM) to scale-up health insurance to rural communities. Part of this innovation meant that health insurance was no longer managed by volunteers, but by professionals. Several years after the conclusion of the project in 2017 that supported their initial development, both UDAMs still operate successfully. This mixed methods research aims to understand the factors that have contributed to the sustainability of both UDAMs, as well as discuss the remaining challenges. The factors deemed favourable to sustainability are actions undertaken to ensure financial stability and organizational risk taking. However, the mobilization of the population, relationships with health professionals and the role of the State have been more difficult to organize. Challenges concern the payment of subsidies and the supply of medicines by the State and partnership with the health care system, the maintenance of contributions, the digitalization of administration, as well as fraud and abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam","authors":"Roddy McKinnon","doi":"10.1111/issr.12301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137531374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egypt’s reformed social insurance system: How might design change incentivize enrolment?","authors":"Ghada Barsoum,&nbsp;Irene N. Selwaness","doi":"10.1111/issr.12294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2019, the Government of Egypt issued a new legal framework for its social insurance system. Aside from providing a unified scheme covering different groups of workers, the new regulation allowed for systemic and parametric reforms that were aimed in large part at addressing the challenge of workers’ low enrolment in social insurance, with an emphasis on informal workers. The reforms reduced the rate of contributions paid by employees and employers, increased the penalties for employers who do not register their workers, and improved the benefits structure. The law also specified provisions to facilitate the enrolment of informal workers by offering to cover the employer’s share of their contributions. However, the law limited such improved access to nine specific categories of informal workers, a decision that fails to recognize the diversity of informal forms of work. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of contributors to the previous system, this article argues that structural barriers pertaining to the large numbers of low-earners and informal enterprises in the economy will likely hinder the expansion of system enrolment despite the legal reforms.</p><p>En 2019, le gouvernement égyptien a promulgué un nouveau cadre juridique pour son système d’assurance sociale. Outre la mise en place d’un régime unifié couvrant différents groupes de travailleurs, le nouveau règlement a introduit des réformes systémiques et paramétriques visant en grande partie à relever le défi du faible taux d’affiliation des travailleurs au système d’assurance sociale, en particulier parmi les travailleurs de l’économie informelle. Les réformes ont réduit le taux des cotisations versées par les employés et les employeurs, augmenté les pénalités pour les employeurs qui n’enregistrent pas leurs salariés et amélioré la structure des prestations. La loi a également prévu des dispositions afin de faciliter l’affiliation des travailleurs de l’économie informelle en offrant de couvrir la part de l’employeur dans leurs cotisations. Toutefois, cette décision ne prend pas en compte la diversité des formes de travail informel puisque seules neuf catégories spécifiques des travailleurs concernés peuvent bénéficier des nouvelles dispositions légales. En se basant sur l’analyse des caractéristiques des cotisants au système précédent, cet article soutient que les obstacles structurels liés au grand nombre de travailleurs à faible revenu et de l’économie informelle sont susceptibles d’entraver l’expansion des affiliations au système en dépit des réformes légales.</p><p>En 2019, el Gobierno de Egipto promulgó un nuevo marco jurídico para su sistema de seguro social. Las nuevas disposiciones, además de proporcionar un régimen unificado que abarcaba distintos grupos de trabajadores, permitían realizar reformas sistémicas y paramétricas destinadas en gran medida a hacer frente al problema que plantea la baja tasa de afiliación de los trabajadores a la seguridad social, en parti","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/issr.12268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process evaluation of the Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives","authors":"S. Hameed, Matthew Walsham, L. Banks, H. Kuper","doi":"10.1111/issr.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12289","url":null,"abstract":"Limited evidence on the design and implementation of social protection programmes for people with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries constrains understanding of how their impacts could be improved. The Disability Allowance programme in the Maldives is a non means-tested, monthly cash transfer targeting people with disabilities. Using qualitative methods, process evaluation was used to examine the intervention design, implementation, and likelihood of achieving its intended objectives. There were important strengths of the programme, including the broad de fi nition of disability. We fi nd that delivery could be strengthened through providing greater clarity on eligibility criteria and strengthening human resources to widen the programme ’ s reach. Intervention fi delity was challenged by inconsistent practice among implementers and lack of established protocols. Most importantly, the absence of linkages with the Medical Welfare scheme that provides assistive devices potentially limits the likelihood of the programme achieving intended objectives.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilemmas when implementing conditional cash transfers: Lessons for Ghana and the rest of us","authors":"J. Danquah, Einar Øverbye","doi":"10.1111/issr.12288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of institutional factors and people’s preferences on expenditure for social protection","authors":"Vincenzo Vinci, F. Gassmann, P. Mohnen","doi":"10.1111/issr.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44334626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling old‐age retirement: An adaptive multi‐outcome LAD‐lasso regression approach","authors":"Tero Lähderanta, Janne Salonen, J. Möttönen, M. Sillanpää","doi":"10.1111/issr.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12287","url":null,"abstract":"Using unique administrative register data, we investigate old-age retirement under the statutory pension scheme in Finland. The analysis is based on multi-outcome modelling of pensions and working lives together with a range of explanatory variables. An adaptive multi-outcome LAD-lasso regression method is applied to obtain estimates of earnings and socioeconomic factors affecting old-age retirement and to decide which of these variables should be included in our model. The proposed statistical technique produces robust and less biased regression coef fi cient estimates in the context of skewed outcome distributions and an excess number of zeros in some of the explanatory variables. The results underline the importance of late life course earnings and employment to the fi nal amount of pension and reveal differences in pension outcomes across socioeconomic groups. We conclude that adaptive LAD-lasso regression is a promising statistical technique that could be usefully employed in studying various topics in the pension industry.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}