TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134358
Howard Díaz-Salazar, Carlos M. Ramírez-González, Miguel A. Rosas-Ortega, Susana Porcel
{"title":"Synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles enabled by a gold-catalyzed three-component reaction","authors":"Howard Díaz-Salazar, Carlos M. Ramírez-González, Miguel A. Rosas-Ortega, Susana Porcel","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valuable fully substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are obtained via a gold-catalyzed three-component reaction involving ethyl diazoacetate, aryldiazonium salts, and nitriles. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, is regioselective, and allows the introduction of mono- and di-substituted aryl rings at the <em>ortho</em>, <em>meta,</em> and <em>para</em> positions. Mechanistic evidence suggests the participation of Au(III) species as the active catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134353
Wenna Xie , Shiwen Liu , Bo Xu
{"title":"Transition-metal-free nucleophilic substitution of alkenyl boronic acids with propargylic mesylates sp3-carbon electrophiles","authors":"Wenna Xie , Shiwen Liu , Bo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed a highly versatile transition metal-free Suzuki type cross-coupling protocol. Alkenyl/aryl boronic acids could couple smoothly with propargylic mesylates Csp3 electrophiles in the presence of mild bases. The counterion in the base plays a crucial role for the reactivity. Our metal-free condition is orthogonal towards the classic transition metal catalysed Suzuki reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gold(III)-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of vinyl-substituted pyrazolo[1,4]-oxazepines via 7-exo-trig cyclization","authors":"Ravinder Guduru , Mathangi Sandeep , Komalla Sunil , N.S.V.M. Rao Mangina , Perla Bharath Kumar , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Galla V. Karunakar","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vinyl-substituted pyrazo[1,4]-oxazepines were prepared through an intramolecular regioselective cyclization method under gold catalysis. This organic transformation achieved selective C–N bond formation <em>via 7-exo-trig</em> cyclization, resulting in vinyl-containg pyrazolo[1,4]-benzooxazepines and pyrazolo[1,4]-naphthoxazepines in one-pot with moderate to very good yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134352
Jia-Lin Tu , Zhengjia Shen , Binbin Huang
{"title":"Recent progress in metal-catalyzed C(sp³)-P bond formation","authors":"Jia-Lin Tu , Zhengjia Shen , Binbin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of C(sp³)-P bonds is of paramount importance in organic synthesis, catalysis, and materials science. Organophosphorus compounds containing C(sp³)-P bonds serve as pivotal structural motifs in ligands, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. While traditional methods for C(sp³)-P bond formation largely rely on nucleophilic substitution or coupling of reactive organometallic reagents, recent years have witnessed significant advancements in metal-catalyzed approaches. This review highlights the recent developments in C(sp³)-P bond formation enabled by metals including Cu, Fe, Bi, Pd, Ni, Ru, Rh, and Co, with particular emphasis on methodologies that activate simple C(sp³)-H bonds or utilize readily available chemical feedstocks. Key mechanistic paradigms, including photoredox/transition metal dual catalysis, metal-catalyzed radical processes, and photo-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), are critically discussed. This review evaluates the mechanistic insights, applications, and limitations of these methodologies in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, and provides perspectives on future directions to promote further advancements in C(sp³)-P bond formation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transition metal promoted Brook rearrangement and its related reactions","authors":"Fazhou Yang, Jinbao Wang, Yujie Dong, Nianci Zhang, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Brook Rearrangement holds significant applications in organic synthesis and has been investigated extensively in past decades. Among the various types of Brook rearrangements, catalytic versions have gained increased attention from the chemical community due to their superior control over stereoselectivity and high reaction efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent examples of transition metal-promoted Brook rearrangement and related reactions. It encompasses copper-catalyzed migration of a silyl or boryl group, which represents the most intensively studied reactions, along with zinc-promoted reactions and other transition metal-catalyzed reactions. The substrate scope and reaction mechanisms of these examples are meticulously detailed and analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134349
Akrti Sharma, Mangalampalli Ravikanth
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of β-arylated triphyrins[2.1.1] by successive introduction of one to six aryl groups at the β-pyrrole carbons","authors":"Akrti Sharma, Mangalampalli Ravikanth","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>β</em>-arylated <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrins[2.1.1] containing two, three, and four <em>p</em>-fluorophenyl groups were synthesized by reacting appropriate <em>β</em>-bromo triphyrin[2.1.1] with <em>p</em>-fluorophenyl boronic acid in toluene/THF/H<sub>2</sub>O (1:1:1) at 80 <sup>ο</sup>C for 8 h–12 h and their properties were compared with our previously reported <em>β</em>-arylated triphyrins[2.1.1] containing one and six <em>p</em>-fluorophenyl groups. The increase of the number of <em>p</em>-fluorophenyl groups at the <em>β</em>-pyrrole carbons induces steric hindrance at the periphery of triphyrin[2.1.1] that results in the alteration of electronic properties due to distortion in the macrocycle which is reflected in their structure, spectral and redox properties. The X-ray structure analysis revealed that <em>β</em>-di(<em>p</em>-fluorophenyl) <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrin[2.1.1] was almost planar like <em>meso</em>-tetra(phenyl) triphyrin[2.1.1] whereas the <em>β</em>-hexa(<em>p</em>-fluorophenyl) <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrin[2.1.1] was significantly distorted. The absorption spectra of <em>β</em>-arylated triphyrins[2.1.1] showed bathochromically shifted Soret and Q-bands with reduction in absorption coefficients and increase in the bandwidth compared to the <em>β</em>-unsubstituted <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrin[2.1.1] and the maximum effects were noted for <em>β</em>-hexa(<em>p</em>-fluorophenyl) <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrin[2.1.1]. The <em>β</em>-arylated <em>meso</em>-tetra(<em>p</em>-tolyl) triphyrins[2.1.1] are stable under electrochemical conditions and DFT/TD-DFT studies are in agreement with the experimental observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134337
Salma E. Mora-Rodríguez , Selene Lagunas-Rivera , J. Merced Martínez-Rosales , Yolanda Alcaraz-Contreras , Jorge Alberto Mendoza-Pérez , Miguel A. Vázquez
{"title":"Heterogeneous synthesis of benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones derivatives using sulfonic resin and photocatalytic study","authors":"Salma E. Mora-Rodríguez , Selene Lagunas-Rivera , J. Merced Martínez-Rosales , Yolanda Alcaraz-Contreras , Jorge Alberto Mendoza-Pérez , Miguel A. Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces a heterogeneous approach utilizing a resin-bound sulfonic acid catalyst (Dowex®-H) to synthesize benzo[<em>f</em>]indole-4,9-dione derivatives using β-enaminones systems and 2-bromonaphtoquinone. This method facilitates synthesizing a diverse range of compounds with varying substitution patterns, achieving yields of 88 %. The catalyst can be reused for up to five cycles without requiring reactivation. These compounds absorption spectra also show absorption (<em>λ</em><sub>max</sub>) around 250–260 nm with a significant transition around 400 nm. Their photocatalytic potential was assessed by the model reaction of benzylamine photooxidation, achieving a yield of over 99 % within 36 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanochemical cyclization of push-pull enamines with propargyl alcohols","authors":"Srinivasarao Yaragorla, Megavath Vinod, Dandugula Sneha Latha","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed an efficient mechanochemical method for the synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives from push-pull enamines and <em>tert</em>-propargyl alcohols under ball milling with <em>p</em>-TsOH/HFIP. The reaction proceeds smoothly under metal-free conditions with fast, efficient, and high-yielding synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridines. The reaction shows excellent atom economy, with a broad substrate generality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134336
Zuleyma Martínez-Campos , Francisco José Palacios-Can , Susana T. López-Cortina , Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández , Mario Fernández-Zertuche
{"title":"Design and synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by Cu-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and their in silico evaluation as potential GABAB receptor modulators","authors":"Zuleyma Martínez-Campos , Francisco José Palacios-Can , Susana T. López-Cortina , Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández , Mario Fernández-Zertuche","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we report the synthesis of three series of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles (<strong>4a-d</strong>, <strong>5a-d</strong> and <strong>6a-d</strong>), as analogues of the clinically important drug baclofen. The isoxazole ring systems were assembled through the key copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between a nitrile oxide (generated <em>in situ</em> from nitro compounds) and an alkyne. An X-ray crystallography study shows that the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions proceeded with very high regioselectively, leading exclusively to the formation of the 3,5-disubstituted regio isomers. Additionally, it was possible to obtain these compounds in enantiomerically pure form using SuperQuat-type chiral auxiliary. As suggested by our QSAR analysis and docking studies, these analogues have the potential to be biologically active as GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor modulators. Finally, the absorption, distribution, properties of metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the synthesized molecules was also determined by a computational approach. From this work we obtained five molecules ((<em>S</em>)-<strong>4d</strong>, (<em>S</em>)-<strong>5b</strong>, (<em>S</em>)-<strong>6b</strong>, (<em>S</em>)-<strong>6c</strong> and (<em>S</em>)-<strong>6d</strong>) as potential GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor agonists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134344
Alexander D. Roth, Zhazira Koldasbay, Brett H. Ford, Khaidar Kairbek, Heejoon Ahn, Tarini S. Hardikar, Katherine M. Lane, Sarah M. Haynes, Dasan M. Thamattoor
{"title":"Photochemical generation of ketenes from phenanthrene-based cyclobutanones","authors":"Alexander D. Roth, Zhazira Koldasbay, Brett H. Ford, Khaidar Kairbek, Heejoon Ahn, Tarini S. Hardikar, Katherine M. Lane, Sarah M. Haynes, Dasan M. Thamattoor","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various 9,10-cyclopropanated phenanthrenes have been shown previously to be viable photochemical precursors to many different types of carbenes. There is also one known example in the literature of a related approach used to generate diphenylketene from a phenanthrene-derived cyclobutanone in a laser flash photolysis study. In an effort to broaden the scope of this promising yet under-utilized method of ketene generation, the synthesis and characterization of several phenanthrene-based cyclobutanones, and their subsequent photolysis to produce a variety of ketenes, are presented in this report. The ketenes are produced, along with phenanthrene, by a formal 2 + 2 cyclo-reversion of the cyclobutanone moiety and have been intercepted by benzyl alcohol and benzyl amine to form the corresponding benzyl esters and amides respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}