TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135185
Shiyun Li , Yu Chen , Yan An , Yong Ou , Jun Huang , Bin Wen , Yuanqing Dong , Tiesen Li , Xingquan Chen
{"title":"Electrochemical α-halogenation of α-aryl-cyclohexanones to construct 2-aryl-2-halo-cycloketones","authors":"Shiyun Li , Yu Chen , Yan An , Yong Ou , Jun Huang , Bin Wen , Yuanqing Dong , Tiesen Li , Xingquan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient electrochemical α-halogenation method for α-arylcyclohexanones has been developed to synthesize 2-aryl-2-halocyclones. FeCl<sub>3</sub> and FeBr<sub>3</sub> serve as halogen sources, enabling mild and sustainable transformations. This method exhibits high yields, excellent chemical selectivity, broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity. Through in-depth investigation of the reaction mechanism and subsequent derivative studies, the practical value of this approach has been fully validated. This strategy avoids the use of hazardous elemental halogens or strong oxidizing agents, significantly enhancing reaction safety and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, the mild conditions of this electrochemical system offer promising application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135184
Hao Tien Tran , Y Ngoc Nhu Huynh , Duyen Khanh Nguyen , Khanh Thi Ngoc Ong , Anh Thai Nguyen , Thanh-Lam Bui , Štĕpán Kment , Ngoc Do Quyen Chau , Tung Thanh Nguyen
{"title":"Cyclization of 2-phenylglycines and ortho-substituted nitroarenes to access pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, quinazolines, and quinazolinone promoted by activated carbon","authors":"Hao Tien Tran , Y Ngoc Nhu Huynh , Duyen Khanh Nguyen , Khanh Thi Ngoc Ong , Anh Thai Nguyen , Thanh-Lam Bui , Štĕpán Kment , Ngoc Do Quyen Chau , Tung Thanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Derivatives of 2-phenylglycine are activated in the presence of commercial activated carbon, providing a benzyl synthon to couple with <em>ortho</em>-nitro substituted derivatives of <em>N</em>-pyrroles, benzaldehyde oximes, and benzamide to furnish pyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxalines, quinazolines, and quinazolinone respectively. Reactions did not require any further additives such as metal complex, acid, or base. An array of useful <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-based heterocycles were isolated in good yields. The spent carbon after synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxaline was collected and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), nitrogen sorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The characteristic results revealed that while adsorption of product as well as unreacting starting materials could occur, structural integrity of the carbon was mainly recovered. Our method features a convenient, sustainable pathway to achieve synthetically useful heterocyles from α-amino acids in the absence of metal- or any other specific additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135148
Saeede Saki , Mina Tavakolian , Mona Hosseini-Sarvari
{"title":"Efficient photochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas through aerobic oxidative desulfurization using a CdS/NH2-MIL-125 photocatalyst","authors":"Saeede Saki , Mina Tavakolian , Mona Hosseini-Sarvari","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study details a green synthesis route for unsymmetrical urea derivatives using a visible-light responsive-photocatalyst, CdS/NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125. This heterogeneous catalyst, a MOF-based material, facilitates an aerobic oxidative desulfurization process under mild conditions, employing oxygen as a green oxidant. The method effectively synthesizes a variety of urea derivatives from both aliphatic and aromatic amines, including sterically hindered ones, with moderate to good yields. Control experiments confirm the superoxide anion's crucial role in the reaction mechanism. Importantly, the CdS/NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125 nanocomposite demonstrates reusability, maintaining photocatalytic activity even after four cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanofluorochromic properties of 1,5-diphenylanthracene derivatives","authors":"Manato Nishimura , Fumihiro Kannen , Kenji Yoza , Takahiro Kusukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several 1,5-diphenylanthracene derivatives <strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong> were prepared and their photophysical properties were observed in the both solution and solid states. Interestingly, the fluorine-group-substituted 1,5-diphenylanthracene derivatives <strong>1e</strong> (R=F), <strong>2e</strong> (R=F), <strong>3</strong> (3,5-F<sub>2</sub>) and Me-substituted derivative <strong>1b</strong> (R = Me) were found to exhibit higher fluorescence quantum yield (<em>ϕ</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.75–0.93) in the solid state than in the solution state (<em>ϕ</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.53–0.57), causing “crystallization induced emission enhancement”. For the 1,5-diphenylanthracene derivatives <strong>1a</strong> (R=H), <strong>1d</strong> (R=CF<sub>3</sub>), <strong>1e</strong> (R=F), <strong>1f</strong> (R=CN) and <strong>2e</strong> (3-F), the luminous color change from the “bluish” to “greenish” color was observed after grinding under 365 nm UV light. Additionally, the reversible luminous color changes were also observed for the “grinding-heating” and “grinding-fuming (with solvent vapor)” processes. Furthermore, luminous color change from the ground “green” luminous color to the “blue” luminous color was observed upon 365 nm UV irradiation, and successfully demonstrated the “writing-erasing” cycle of the character writings using the “grinding-UV irradiation” process toward security writing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135174
Oleksii S. Timokhin , Vladyslav V. Hys , Olexandr V. Kucher , Andrii V. Kozytskyi , Roman V. Yizhak , Volodymyr S. Brovarets , Oleksandr O. Grygorenko , Viktoriia S. Moskvina
{"title":"From flavones to flavanols: An enzymatic kinetic resolution approach to enantioenriched 2-(het)arylchroman-4-ols","authors":"Oleksii S. Timokhin , Vladyslav V. Hys , Olexandr V. Kucher , Andrii V. Kozytskyi , Roman V. Yizhak , Volodymyr S. Brovarets , Oleksandr O. Grygorenko , Viktoriia S. Moskvina","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A synthetic route that provides both enantiomers of 2-(het)arylchroman-4-ols under mild conditions and is based on pig liver esterase (PLE)-mediated kinetic resolution is disclosed. The reaction sequence provided racemic precursors from readily assembled flavones through NaBH<sub>4</sub>-mediated reduction to <em>cis</em>-flavanols, followed by acetylation. PLE hydrolysis gave the corresponding alcohol/acetate pairs in 14–47% isolated yield and 73–97% <em>ee</em>; their absolute configurations followed Kazlauskas’ rule. The method was compatible with pyridine, furan, thiophene, and pyrazole moieties. As a result, 12 enantioenriched 2-hetarylchroman-4-ols were obtained as promising chiral platforms for early drug discovery projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135158
Shweta A. Pawar, A. Vijay Kumar
{"title":"Polydopamine: A bioinspired catalyst for the metal-free synthesis of quinazolinones using DMSO as a carbon synthon","authors":"Shweta A. Pawar, A. Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydopamine (PDA) is demonstrated as a promising heterogeneous organocatalyst for the efficacious synthesis of quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-ones employing the readily available DMSO as the methine synthon. PDA-mediated activation of DMSO in the presence of the green oxidant molecular oxygen, facilitated oxidative annulation of anthranilamides to afford quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-one frameworks. This method enabled a broad substrate scope, with various anthranilamide derivatives and sulfoxide precursors furnishing the corresponding quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-ones products in good to excellent yields. The mechanistic studies revealed an oxygen-mediated radical pathway for quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-ones synthesis. The developed protocol was robustly applied to the synthesis of the bioactive alkaloid (Z)-schizocommunin and the CNS depressant drug methaqualone. PDA was efficiently recovered and recycled for up to three consecutive cycles for the quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-ones reaction. Overall, the developed PDA-mediated protocol delivered notable advantages, including metal-free conditions, catalyst recyclability, and the avoidance of additives, co-catalysts, and peroxides, underscoring the utility of PDA as a heterogeneous organocatalyst for oxidative annulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135175
Zixuan Liu , Mingrui Liu , Yaorong Liu, Jiaqi Tong, Xingxian Zhang
{"title":"Visible-light-promoted regioselective C5–H selenylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives with diorganyldiselenides","authors":"Zixuan Liu , Mingrui Liu , Yaorong Liu, Jiaqi Tong, Xingxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A metal-free photochemical methodology has been developed for the direct C–H selenylation of pyrrolo[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidines. The protocol features broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and utilizes safe and readily available diphenyl diselenide as the selenium source. This methodology is also applicable for selenylation of certain heteroarenes. Stern–Volmer experiments have indicated that photo-excited Na<sub>2</sub>-eosinY∗ is effectively quenched and linearly correlated with the concentration of diphenyl diselenide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135173
Sergey S. Patrushev, Tatyana V. Rybalova, Yulia V. Meshkova, Mariya K. Marenina, Tatyana G. Tolstikova, Elvira E. Shults
{"title":"A sequence of cross-coupling and deprotection reactions of 13-methoxy-15-aryl(hetaryl)-11,13-dihydroisoalantolactone derivatives to access a library of a ring substituted eudesmane type methylenelactones. Cytotoxicity studies","authors":"Sergey S. Patrushev, Tatyana V. Rybalova, Yulia V. Meshkova, Mariya K. Marenina, Tatyana G. Tolstikova, Elvira E. Shults","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone isoalantolactone is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. A convenient and effective methodology for synthesizing a library of new chiral 15-aryl(hetaryl)-substituted derivatives of isoalantolactone was developed. All compounds were obtained with a moderate preparative yield upon consecutive cross-coupling reaction of 13-methoxy-11,13-dihydroisoalantolactones with aryl(hetaryl)halides and deprotection of the formed 15-aryl(hetaryl)-13-methoxy-11,13-dihydroisoalantolactones. The effectiveness of Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> – Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> catalytic system has been demonstrated in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction (yield 56–95%). Additionally 15-aryl-4,15-epoxyisoalantolactone derivatives and 15-aryl-4,15-(<em>gem</em>-difluorocyclopropane)isoalantolactones were prepared (yield 58–60%). A retro-Michael reaction of (11<em>R</em>)- and (11<em>S</em>)-stereoisomeric 15-substituted 13-methoxy-11,13-dihydroisoalantolactones using cesium carbonate in DMF led to 15-substituted isoalantolactone derivatives (yield 40–87%). Chemical structure of new compounds was determined using a complex of spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction analysis. Biological evaluation of these semisynthetic sesquiterpene lactone derivatives (MTT assay) in HepG2 and MCF 7 cancer cells showed interesting antiproliferative profiles and provided initial structure−activity data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135178
Huacan Xu , Ke Zhang , Linglong Zhang , Yanjing Zhang , Jinwei Sun , Yuling Li , Yun Liu
{"title":"Synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a] isoquinolines via copper-promoted reaction of tetrahydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated ketones under solvent-free conditions","authors":"Huacan Xu , Ke Zhang , Linglong Zhang , Yanjing Zhang , Jinwei Sun , Yuling Li , Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective copper-promoted protocol has been developed to assemble 1,3-diaryl-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-<em>a</em>]isoquinolines <em>via</em> the reaction of tetrahydro-isoquinolines with <em>α,β</em>-unsaturated ketones under solvent-free conditions. In this reaction, benzoic acid was employed to activate the carbonyl of <em>α,β</em>-unsaturated ketones, which initiated sequential nucleophilic addition, intramolecular cyclization and oxidation processes. Notably, solvent-free conditions were vital to this reaction and the yields of target products decreased largely in various organic solvents. This reaction accomplished systematic synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-<em>a</em>]isoquinolines from <em>α,β</em>-unsaturated ketones and tetrahydroisoquinolines for the first time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2026.135179
Zhi-Feng Sun , Yi-Fan Li , Miao Li , Hai-Long Zhou , Jian-Li Zhao , Li-Hua Li , Qiang Zhang , Ling-Xia Jin , Cun-Fang Liu , Guang-Hui Tian , Xiao-Hui Ji , Zhi-Qiang Zhang
{"title":"Asymmetric syntheses of two Enantiomers of the sex pheromone component of smaller tea tortrix moth","authors":"Zhi-Feng Sun , Yi-Fan Li , Miao Li , Hai-Long Zhou , Jian-Li Zhao , Li-Hua Li , Qiang Zhang , Ling-Xia Jin , Cun-Fang Liu , Guang-Hui Tian , Xiao-Hui Ji , Zhi-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2026.135179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An asymmetric synthesis of sex pheromone of smaller tea tortrix moth was synthesized from commercially available starting materials in 57–74% overall yield over 4–7 steps using protecting-group-free strategy. Furthermore, the construction of C–C bond was accomplished through Julia-Kocienski olefination coupling, and the chiral moiety was introduced by Evans’ template and the chiral pool strategy as key steps. The synthetic sex pheromone of smaller tea tortrix moth serves as a reference for large-scale production and provides strong support for the development of pheromones in the control of pests and diseases in tea plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 135179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}