M. Nagata, M. Homma, Noriaki Takeda, Takashi Morie, Atsushi Iwata
{"title":"A smart CMOS imager with pixel level PWM signal processing","authors":"M. Nagata, M. Homma, Noriaki Takeda, Takashi Morie, Atsushi Iwata","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797265","url":null,"abstract":"A PWM signal CMOS imager which realizes block averaging and 2D projection of a thresholded image, in addition to row-parallel PWM readout with high-resolution gray scale, is reported. A pixel including a photo detector executes nondestructive conversion of integrated photo current to PWM signals or binary signals, which drives a readout bus in voltage or current mode. The average and 2D projection are realized with PWM signal addition techniques based on switched current integration and charge packet counting. An experimental imager including 56/spl times/56 pixels, an address signal generator, and a signal processing circuit are fabricated in a 6 mm/spl times/6 mm chip with a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The PWM imager consumes only 2 /spl mu/W/pixel at a 3.3 V supply voltage for a readout operation.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gain cell block architecture for gigabit-scale chain ferroelectric RAM","authors":"D. Takashima, Y. Oowaki, I. Kunishima","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797251","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), especially a chain FRAM, has great potential for future high-density nonvolatile memory. However, two severe problems inherent to ferroelectric material make it difficult to realize gigabit scale FRAMs; cell polarization decreases drastically in scaled FRAMs, 1) because the cell polarization does not increase by thinning the ferroelectric film, and 2) because the three-dimensional ferroelectric capacitor is difficult to make. Therefore, a sufficient cell signal will not be obtained in 256 Mb FRAMs and beyond. The gain cell approach shown can be a solution for this problem because a large cell signal is obtained even with small cell polarization due to small load capacitance. However, a memory cell using a ferroelectric FET has drawbacks such as fabrication difficulty, poor data retention and read/write disturb. A memory cell composed of a gain transistor, a write transistor, a ferroelectric capacitor and a load capacitor, realizes stable read/write operation. However the memory cell size is very large. The concept of a new gain cell block is proposed. The gain cell block contains two chain cell blocks and a gain unit composed of a gain transistor and a write transistor. The gain unit is shared by the two chain cell blocks. This configuration realizes both a large readout cell signal and a small average cell size.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"10-100 Gb/s throughput CMOS techniques","authors":"C. Svensson, A. Edman","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797238","url":null,"abstract":"Basic limitations to high data throughput chips in CMOS are described and methods for coping with these discussed. The proposed methods are demonstrated by two design examples;: a pipelined datapath architecture for high throughput protocol processing; and a shared buffer architecture for switching.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122155346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 12.4 mW CMOS front-end for a 5 GHz wireless-LAN receiver","authors":"H. Samavati, H. Rategh, T. Lee","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 12.4 mW front-end for a 5 GHz wireless-LAN receiver fabricated in a 0.24 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. It consists of an LNA, mixers and an automatically tuned third-order filter controlled by a low-power PLL. The filter attenuates the image-signal by an additional 12 dB beyond what can be achieved by an image-reject architecture. The filter also reduces the noise contribution of the cascode devices in the LNA core. The LNA/filter combination has a noise figure of 4.8 dB and the overall noise figure of the signal path is 5.2 dB. The overall IIP3 is -2 dBm.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116120539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A high-voltage output buffer fabricated on a 2 V CMOS technology","authors":"L. Clark","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797236","url":null,"abstract":"VLSI core voltages have scaled considerably below legacy I/O standards such as PCI which require tolerance of voltages between -1 V to over 6 V when power supply deviation and signal overshoot effects are considered. Circuit based dielectric protection has been demonstrated previously to address this problem for 3.3 V on a 2.5 V process. Gate oxide stress is dependent on the total stress time and magnitude of the stress over the life of the chip, which must be limited. Here, a 5 V PCI output buffer implemented on a standard 2 V process is presented which dynamically limits the DC stress to devices below 2.1 V and minimizes AC stress duration.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ohtomo, H. Sawada, T. Ohno, Y. Sakakibara, Y. Sato, T. Ishihara, S. Matsuoka, M. Shimaya
{"title":"A low-power multi-gigabit CMOS/SIMOX LSI design using two power supply voltages","authors":"Y. Ohtomo, H. Sawada, T. Ohno, Y. Sakakibara, Y. Sato, T. Ishihara, S. Matsuoka, M. Shimaya","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797223","url":null,"abstract":"An effective way to reduce the power consumption of a high-speed LSI is to use two supply voltages. Most circuit parts off the critical path can then operate at a supply voltage lower than that of parts in the critical path. Rows of logic-cell blocks for example, can be assigned to circuits for either a high or low supply voltage, and this approach has been used to reduce the power consumption of a 75-MHz 0.3-/spl mu/m bulk CMOS media processor using both 3.3-V and 1.9-V supply voltage. Here we use a fully depleted CMOS/SIMOX device and 2-V/1-V supply voltages to enhance the low-power characteristics of the two-supply-voltage technique with a little area penalty.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A wideband bandpass sigma-delta modulator for wireless applications","authors":"A. Tabatabaei, B. Wooley","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797246","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This work introduces a two-path, sixth-order, switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator capable of digitizing a 1.25 MHz signal band centered at an IF of 20 MHz. The modulator samples the input at 80 MHz and implements its constituent resonators by chopping the signal at the IF (fs/4). It thus also acts to demodulate the I and Q components of the signal and mix them to baseband. An experimental prototype of the modulator has been integrated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and provides a dynamic range of 80 dB when operated from a single 2.5 V supply.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Portmann, A. Chu, N. Hays, S. Sidiropoulos, D. Stark, P. Chau, K. Donnelly, B. Garlepp
{"title":"A multiple vendor 2.5-V DLL for 1.6-GB/s RDRAMs","authors":"C. Portmann, A. Chu, N. Hays, S. Sidiropoulos, D. Stark, P. Chau, K. Donnelly, B. Garlepp","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797268","url":null,"abstract":"A DLL design and porting methodology have been described to enable multiple vendors to create a 400 MHz DLL from a template design in a 0.25 /spl mu/m, 64 Mb DRAM process.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117282052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 5 GHz, 32 mW CMOS frequency synthesizer with an injection locked frequency divider","authors":"H. Rategh, H. Samavati, Thomas H. Lee","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797255","url":null,"abstract":"A fully integrated 5 GHz phase locked loop- (PLL-) based frequency synthesizer is designed in a 0.24 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. A voltage-controlled differential injection-locked frequency divider (VCDILFD) is used as the first frequency divider in the PLL feedback loop to reduce power consumption and eliminate the need for an off-chip frequency divider. The total synthesizer power consumption is 32 mW. The phase noise is measured to be -101 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. The PLL bandwidth is 300 kHz and the measured spurious level at the adjacent channel is less than -54 dBc.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126161551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Precharged-Capacitor-Assisted Sensing (PCAS) scheme with novel level controller for low power DRAMs","authors":"T. Kono, T. Hamamoto, K. Mitsui, Y. Konishi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797258","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Low power consumption of DRAMs is of great concern as handheld communication tools are widely used in various environments. The combination of Voltage-Down-Convertor (VDC) and Boosted Sense Ground (BSG) scheme meets the demand because it has advantages of: 1) reduction of voltage swing of bit-lines (BLs); 2) suppression of junction leakage current of memory cells because of needlessness of substrate bias; 3) decrease of subthreshold leakage current of memory cells because of negative gate-source voltage (Vgs) of an access transistor. It can lower the active current, extend the data retention time, and reduce the data retention current. The scheme, however, has some drawbacks. First, the smaller the voltage swing on BLs is, the slower the sense speed is. Second, BSG level (Vbsg) should be stable and tolerant of GND noise because the level difference between Vbsg and GND is small. This paper proposes a new scheme to solve these problems, called a Precharged-Capacitor-Assisted Sensing (PCAS) scheme. By adopting this scheme, proper voltage level on BLs can be generated stably with faster sense speed without losing the advantages of the conventional scheme.","PeriodicalId":433264,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36326)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116643295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}