{"title":"Meeting the heat removal requirements of 'tiled' compliant wafer level packages","authors":"C. Patel, S. Agraharam, K. Martin, J.D. Meindll","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853164","url":null,"abstract":"The 'tiling' of wafer level packages yields the maximum increase in the performance and the packing efficiency. The limitations on the 'tiling' are posed by the capability of removing the heat from all the applications ranging from low power to high power. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the optimum thermal design of the wafer level package and the system assembly to meet the high performance heat removal requirements while maintaining the 'tiled' assembly. The results indicate that even with heat sink fin aspect ratio of 100:1, it is not possible to remove the heat from the 'tiled' high performance wafer level package assembly. An optimum methodology is developed to determine the placement of components on the beard such that the heat can be removed without sacrificing the 'tiled' assembly. By using this methodology, the fin aspect ratio of 25 and 50 is sufficient to meet the cost performance and high performance applications' heat removal requirements, respectively.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126932062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Packaging-compatible microtransformers on a silicon substrate","authors":"J.Y. Park, H. K. Hong, J. Bu","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853149","url":null,"abstract":"Surface micromachining techniques are utilized to realize microtransformers for being integrated with a multi-chip package, allowing compact integration with chips, sensors, and other components. Two different microtransformers with two-layer vertically stacked spiral-type copper conductor lines and permalloy magnetic cores have been designed and fabricated. Low temperature processes are only chosen for fabricating these microtransformers. The fabricated microtransformers have been tested and compared for finding out better geometries for microtransformers. Electroplated thick permalloy cores and copper coils are utilized for obtaining better performance characteristics in the intermediate frequency range. The fabricated microtransformer has a turn ratio of 1, coupling coefficient of 0.85, dc resistance of 3.3 ohms, and gain characteristics of -5 dB, respectively. These devices have high current capability (up to 2A steady DC current) and are suitable for low power converter applications.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125333697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automation manufacturing systems technology for opto-electronic device packaging","authors":"Soon Jang","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853108","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to provide next-generation breakthroughs in photonics device manufacturing cost reduction and yield improvement, several new automation technologies have been developed and tested. Currently there are various fiber pigtailing assembly techniques successfully used in the industry including, epoxy, solder, mechanical fixture, and laser welding-the latter being the attachment technique most conducive to automation. While there have been substantial advancements at the optical sub-module level to address the low cost, high volume production issues, no well established device-handling strategy exists that can be deployed along the various phases of the manufacturing line. In this paper significant advancements in the areas of parts-handling, assembly automation, sub-micron weld-shift control, and automated post-weld fiber adjustment capabilities will be covered, along with examples of currently achievable device assembly processes. This multi-dimensioned device manufacturing automation strategy is based on some typical device designs and corresponding assembly and qualification processes currently used in the photonics device industry.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adhesion characterization of no-flow underfills used in flip chip assemblies and correlation with reliability","authors":"Jicun Lu, B. Smith, D. Baldwin","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853173","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesion is one of the key properties of underfills used in flip chip assemblies. This paper characterizes the adhesion strengths of no-flow underfill materials to various die passivations using the shear test techniques. A novel shear test vehicle with planar underfill layers between the die and substrate is presented. The adhesion strengths and failure modes of the no-flow underfill materials during shear testing correlate well with their thermal shock reliability test results. Underfill adhesion related failures such as delamination and crack are investigated and correlated between flip chip assemblies and shear test vehicle assemblies without solder joint interconnects.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126348445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CSP assembly reliability and effects of underfill and double-sided population","authors":"R. Ghaffarian","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853183","url":null,"abstract":"The JPL-led MicrotypeBGA Consortium of enterprises representing government agencies and private companies have jointed together to pool in-kind resources for developing the quality and reliability of chip scale packages (CSPs) for a variety of projects. In the process of building the Consortium CSP many challenges were identified regarding aspects of technology implementation. Last year, ball shear test results before and after isothermal aging were presented and compared to ball grid array packages. These package were assembled on single- and double sided printed circuit board (PWB) without and with underfill. These test vehicles are subjected to various environmental tests including four thermal cycling conditions. These cycles represent the extreme harsh accelerated testing in the range of -55 to 125/spl deg/C to a commercial requirement in the range of 0 to 100/spl deg/C. This paper presents the thermal cycling test results to 2,000 cycles performed under different environmental conditions for single- and double-sided assemblies with and without underfill.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130412877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woonghwan Ryu, Jonghoon J. Kim, Namhoon Kim, Hyungsoo Kim, Seungyoung Ahn, Sungil Kim, H. Song, Seungho Lee, Joungho Kim
{"title":"A low-cost and high-density RF multi-chip module transceiver for 1.8-GHz personal communication service","authors":"Woonghwan Ryu, Jonghoon J. Kim, Namhoon Kim, Hyungsoo Kim, Seungyoung Ahn, Sungil Kim, H. Song, Seungho Lee, Joungho Kim","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853146","url":null,"abstract":"The explosion of global mobile telephone market has resulted in strong need for wide range and variety of packaging technologies in order to supply personal phones with enhanced product miniaturization, cost reduction, and good electrical performance. In that regard, Multi-Chip Module (MCM) is inevitably the one of the choice for the packaging of the mobile telephone. In this paper, we introduce an RF MCM-L transceiver module packaged by BGA for a 1.8-GHz personal communication service (PCS). We have focused most of our effort on low-cost and high-density design for the module. Basically, the low cost design is achieved using MCM-L substrate. The miniaturization of the transceiver was accomplished using optimally unified decoupling capacitors, thin MCM-L substrate and bare-chip mount technology. The second level package type of the RF MCM-L transceiver is ball grid array (BGA) with the ball size of 400 /spl mu/m. HP ADS and Maxwell software are used for the circuit and the interconnection simulation, and HP 8595E-spectrum analyzer is used for the RF measurement. The total area of the RF MCM transceiver is only 2.25 cm/sup 2/ which is reduced by 37.5% compared to the hybrid package type. The receiver of the RF MCM transceiver has exhibited typical 8 dB gain and 2.5 dB noise figure (NF). 1-dB saturation point is over -9 dBm. The transmitter of the RF MCM transceiver has had shown the typical gain of 25 dB. The power consumption of the receiver and the transmitter are 180 mW and 416 mW, respectively.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tie Wang, C. Lum, J. Kee, T. H. Chew, P. Miao, L. Foo, C. Lin
{"title":"Studies on a reflowable underfill for flip chip application","authors":"Tie Wang, C. Lum, J. Kee, T. H. Chew, P. Miao, L. Foo, C. Lin","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the material properties, assembly process identification and reliability performance coupled with failure analysis of a newly developed reflowable underfill. The curing profile, glass transition temperature (Tg), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and modules were investigated via differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), respectively. The dependence of viscosity on aging time was measured via Brookfield viscometer. Wettability was demonstrated through solder sphere wetting test. In addition, the effect of reflow profile on wettability was evaluated as well, for example, the variation of overall acid number under several reflow profiles was monitored via titration with standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. After that, approaches to control voids were made by manipulating material aging time and adjusting reflow profile, and the effects were subsequently identified via scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM).","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced surface plating on the organic FC-BGA package","authors":"Y. Tomia, Qiang Wu, A. Maeda, S. Baba, N. Ueda","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853263","url":null,"abstract":"Electric components and devices have become high density more and more because of demands for high performance. Nowadays, electroless surface plating is often applied to the surface finish of substrate land patterns for soldering and interconnections due to the enhancement of the wiring design on the mounting hoard, which leads to the shrinkage of the devices. In some cases, though, electroless plating causes weak solder joints on the external terminals of electric devices and packages. The key issue on the developed organic FC-BGA (Flip-chip Ball Grid Array) packaging process is to achieve the ball attach strength on the substrate lands with electroless nickel and immersion gold plating. It was confirmed that the root cause of the weak strength was the existence of the phosphoric enrichment layer with the detailed analysis. Additionally, regarding with the new approach to solve the weak solder joint, the DCNP (double-layered constructed nickel plating) was effective in preventing the progress of the phosphoric enrichment layer.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mederer, M. Grabherr, F. Eberhard, I. Ecker, R. Jager, J. Joos, C. Jung, M. Kicherer, R. King, P. Schnitzer, H. Unold, D. Wiedenmann, K. Ebeling
{"title":"High performance selectively oxidized VCSELs and arrays for parallel high-speed optical interconnects","authors":"F. Mederer, M. Grabherr, F. Eberhard, I. Ecker, R. Jager, J. Joos, C. Jung, M. Kicherer, R. King, P. Schnitzer, H. Unold, D. Wiedenmann, K. Ebeling","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853333","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a new layout for high-bandwidth single-mode selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays operating at 980 nm or 850 nm emission wavelength for substrate or epitaxial side emission. Coplanar feeding lines and polyimide passivation are used to reduce electrical parasitics in top-emitting GaAs and bottom-emitting InGaAs VCSELs. In order to enhance fundamental single-mode emission for larger devices of reduced series resistance a surface relief transverse mode filter is employed. Fabricated VCSELs are applied in various interconnect schemes.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134255337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies in the evaluation of epoxy-cured fiber optic connectors","authors":"K. Broadwater, P. Mead","doi":"10.1109/ECTC.2000.853287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2000.853287","url":null,"abstract":"The fiber optic connector (FOC) is a passive optical component that is used in many applications and whose function is to physically and optically link two fiber joints. It is important for the reliability of fiber optic infrastructure to identify the mechanisms of degradation and failure of these components. This paper reviews work at the University of Maryland CALCE Center to accomplish this, including experimental strain analysis utilizing fiber sensors and calculations and models to predict the stresses in FOCs and their effect on the response of the sensors used. In-fiber Bragg grating sensors have been used to study the mechanical strain state in optical fibers that have been terminated in ST connectors. Our findings indicate that terminated sensors experience a compressive strain whose magnitude depends on the cure profile of the epoxy encapsulant used in these connectors. Specifically, we have found that room temperature cures result in lower strain as compared to thermally cured samples. The measured strain magnitude is also believed to be sensitive to the position of the sensor along the axis of the connector. It is believed that to adequately account for such phenomena to occur and predict failure and degradation of the connector, the behavior and response of the epoxy encapsulant is a key consideration.","PeriodicalId":410140,"journal":{"name":"2000 Proceedings. 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37070)","volume":"409 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133322734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}