Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Alternatives to eosin in histopathological assessments: A comparison of organic stains.","authors":"A M Aiswarya, Bhupesh Patel, Himani Tiwari, Grishma Doria, Rina Mehta, Piyush Asnani","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_128_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_128_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) remains the cornerstone of diagnostic pathology, but the potential harmful effects, high cost, and environmental pollution have necessitated the exploration of eco-friendly and economical alternatives.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated and compared the overall staining efficacy, durability, and economic feasibility of H&E, hematoxylin and Allium cepa (H&AC), and hematoxylin and Bixa Orellana (H&BO).</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The comparative study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, over 18 months.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 225 slides, including epithelium, collagen fibers, adipose tissue, salivary gland, and bone, were stained with H&E, H&AC, and H&BO. The overall efficacy evaluation was performed on the basis of staining intensity, clarity, and uniformity.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Staining parameters were graded and statistically analyzed using Chi-square and <i>post hoc</i> Dunn and Bonferroni tests (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>H&E demonstrated superior staining quality across all parameters, with 98.67% excellent intensity, 100% clarity, and 97.33% uniformity (<i>P</i> < 0.001). H&BO emerged as a viable alternative with consistent performance and high efficacy, particularly in collagen and salivary gland tissues. H&AC, while the most cost-effective and eco-friendly, showed variability and reduced staining precision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While H&E remains the benchmark in diagnostic histopathology, H&BO presents a promising eco-conscious alternative. H&AC, despite its affordability, requires refinement for consistent diagnostic use. This study highlights the potential for balancing diagnostic excellence with environmental responsibility in routine staining protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"563-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histochemical analysis of mucin expression using mucicarmine and periodic acid-Schiff stains in pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma: An unexplored niche in salivary gland tumour pathology.","authors":"Sankari P Kundu, Swapan K Purkait, Ananjan Chatterjee, Abhishek Banerjee, Sisca M Wati, Sumita Banerjee","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_184_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_184_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salivary glands, as exocrine glands, play a crucial role in saliva production, vital for maintaining oral cavity health and moisture. Histochemical analysis of saliva identifies mucins as its primary component. Variations in mucin characteristics could potentially indicate early neoplastic changes. Utilizing special stains such as PAS and mucicarmine is essential for accurately diagnosing salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs). This study focuses on the histochemical analysis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) to evaluate mucin expression using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and mucicarmine stains.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To access, analyse and compare the mucin expression in cases of PA and MEC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group comprised 41 SGNs, which included 21 cases of MEC and 20 cases of PA, and 15 cases of normal oral mucosa containing minor salivary gland tissues were included in the control group. Histopathologically diagnosed cases, both PA and MEC, were selected, and tissue sections were stained with PAS and Mucicarmine to assess and analyse the mucin expression. Pearson's Chi-squared test was applied for the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>MEC stained with mucicarmine and PAS showed strong mucin expression in low-grade cases, moderate expression in intermediate-grade cases and weak mucin expression in high-grade cases, showing a statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05). PA cases were similarly stained with mucicarmine and PAS, and it was found to have strong mucin expression in the cellular variant, moderate expression in the mixed variant and weak mucin expression was observed in the myxoid variant, giving us a statistically significant result (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that mucin expression decreased with increasing grades of MEC, but mucin expression increased proportionally with the cellularity of PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"627-633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of Plasma and Salivary 8-isoprostane expression in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis patients.","authors":"Preethi Ramesh, S Aravind Warrier, Divyambika C Venugopal","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_111_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_111_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Among the various biofluids, 8-isoprostane is a relatively underexplored yet stable oxidative stress biomarker that can be detected in measurable quantities. It is a unique by-product of arachidonic acid lipid peroxidation, and in recent years, its expression has been investigated in various diseases, particularly in malignancies. Our study was performed to evaluate the level of 8-isoprostane and compare its expression in plasma and saliva samples of oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients and healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Plasma and saliva samples were collected from clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OL, OSMF and HC, with 12 participants in each group. The 8-isoprostane levels in all samples were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of 8-isoprostane level was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in both plasma and saliva, denoting a steady elevation of 8-isoprostane level in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) (OSMF and OL), when compared to HC. However, when compared to saliva, plasma 8-isoprostane levels were higher in the OL group, whereas the reverse trend was observed in the OSMF group, where salivary levels were higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals a significant plasma and salivary 8-isoprostane level, where the concentration was higher in OPMD groups implying that saliva could be used as the diagnostic sample of choice for evaluating this oxidative stress marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"617-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foam cells in verruciform xanthoma: A pathognomonic histopathological attribute.","authors":"Kuntala Mondal, Dominic Augustine, S V Sowmya","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_129_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_129_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"656-658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinases-3 gene-promoter polymorphism as a risk factor in oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dipak D Ghatage, Akshay A Dhobley, Devendra H Palve, Ashwini G Kendre, Divya V Ghodichor, Akhil V Lakavath","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_90_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_90_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive potentially malignant disorder. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (<i>MMP3</i>) regulates extracellular matrix remodelling, and promoter polymorphisms may influence OSF susceptibility. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between <i>MMP3</i> expression, promoter polymorphism, and OSF risk. Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect) were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2023, assessing <i>MMP3</i> expression or promoter polymorphism in OSF. Four eligible studies were analysed using RevMan 5.4. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and publication bias using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's test. No significant association was observed between OSF risk and the homozygous 5A/5A genotype (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 0.63-8.71, <i>P</i> = 0.21, I² = 0%) or homozygous 6A/6A genotype (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.20-7.56, <i>P</i> = 0.83, I² = 89%). The heterozygous 5A/6A genotype showed a significant association with increased OSF susceptibility (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.63-4.64, <i>P</i> = 0.0002, I² = 0%). Egger's test indicated no publication bias. All studies demonstrated acceptable methodological quality. The <i>MMP3</i> -1171 5A/6A promoter polymorphism is significantly associated with nearly three-fold increased OSF risk, whereas homozygous genotypes show no significant association. These findings suggest a role of <i>MMP3</i> promoter variation in OSF pathogenesis. Larger, well-designed studies are required to validate these results and assess their diagnostic and preventive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"673-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation biomarkers as an early diagnostic tool in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Sharlene Sara Babu, S Sunil, Yogesh Dalvi, Sudheesh Manoharan, Bichu Jacob, Aditya Menon","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_199_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_199_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant global health burden, with early detection being critical for improving outcomes. Aberrant DNA methylation of tumour suppressor genes has emerged as a promising biomarker for early oral carcinogenesis. This study investigates the methylation status of p16, DAPK, and MGMT genes in OSCC, leukoplakia, and adjacent normal tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tissue samples from 18 patients were collected from a single contiguous field, including clinically normal mucosa, leukoplakia, and OSCC lesions. DNA was extracted and subjected to bisulfite conversion followed by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). Methylation patterns were analysed for frequency, statistical association (Chi-square), and diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DAPK showed progressive and statistically significant promoter methylation from normal to OSCC (<i>P</i> = 0.0021), with 100% sensitivity and 50% specificity. MGMT exhibited consistently high methylation across all stages but low specificity (16.67%), while p16 displayed highest methylation in leukoplakia, suggesting early involvement but limited diagnostic power. Only DAPK demonstrated a significant association with disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the three genes studied, DAPK emerged as a reliable biomarker for early OSCC detection. The findings support its integration into methylation-based screening panels, while MGMT and p16 may serve as complementary markers. Further large-scale studies are recommended to validate their clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"519-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age estimation using pulp-to-tooth area ratio in maxillary anterior teeth: A study on a Kerala population using Cameriere's method.","authors":"Manickam Selvamani, Sudeendra Prabhu, Roshin Chandri Narayanan, Bastian Thattil Sebastian, Suhana Hameed Sulaikha, Nikhil Raj","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_181_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_181_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Precise age assessment is essential in forensic identification. This study assessed the relationship between pulp-to-tooth area ratio (PTAR) and chronological age and developed population-specific regression models for individuals from Kerala, India.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate the age by pulp-to-tooth area ratio in maxillary anterior teeth using Cameriere's method in the Kerala sample population.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional study utilised digital intra-oral periapical radiographs to estimate age by Cameriere's approach in persons aged 21 to 70 years, focussing on maxillary anterior teeth.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>A total of 561 digital radiographs from persons aged 21 to 70 years were analysed with GIMP software. Regression models were developed and tested using a control group (<i>n</i> = 170 per tooth). The accuracy was evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) and compared with existing models.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The Student <i>t</i>-test, Pearson's correlation, linear regression, MAE, and RMSE were used to evaluate model performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The newly derived Indian regression equations demonstrated MAEs of 5.627 years for central incisors, 7.608 years for lateral incisors, and 5.890 years for canines. The canine showed the best accuracy, outperforming Cameriere's (MAE = 7.223, 6.699) and Jeevan's (MAE = 6.549) equations. All new models produced acceptable age estimates (MAE <10 years) across age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTAR-based regression models are effective for age estimation in the Kerala population, with the canine providing the most reliable estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"648-655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Kumkum as an herbal counterstain in the microscopic analysis of oral lesions.","authors":"Vatsalya Kommalapati, H Aparna Latha, Sai Praveena Ruttala, Kantheti Lalith Prakash Chandra, Kiran Kumar Kattapagari, Poosarla Chandrashekar","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_166_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_166_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is routinely used for histopathological evaluation in oral pathology. However, eosin, a synthetic dye, may pose environmental and occupational safety concerns. Kumkum, a traditional herbal preparation, exhibits biocompatible properties and may serve as a potential natural counterstain. This study aimed to evaluate the staining efficacy of Kumkum in comparison with eosin in oral tissue sections.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty formalin fixed, paraffin embedded oral tissue specimens were sectioned and stained using two protocols: Group A with standard H&E staining, and Group B with haematoxylin and Kumkum (H&K). Kumkum stain was prepared from commercially available organic powder using an ethanolic extraction method. Two blinded oral pathologists independently assessed cytoplasmic clarity, nuclear detail, and overall staining quality using semi quantitative scoring criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test with a significance level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The H&K technique demonstrated improved cytoplasmic clarity (χ² = 5.46, <i>P</i> = 0.0195), nuclear clarity (χ² = 4.64, <i>P</i> = 0.0312), and overall staining quality (χ² = 16.87, <i>P</i> = 0.0002) compared to H&E. Higher grading scores and greater inter-observer agreement were observed in H&K-stained sections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kumkum exhibited effective counterstaining properties in oral histopathological sections and may serve as a natural, safe, and cost-effective alternative to eosin. Further studies evaluating long-term archival stability and protocol standardisation are recommended before routine implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"536-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of periostin in potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma using qRT-PCR: A comparative study.","authors":"Satish T Yadav, G Suganya, Sahana Srinath, Savita S Shiragur, J Chandrakala, P Akalya","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_95_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_95_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of oral cavity malignancies, with the high mortality and limited therapeutic success due to challenges in early diagnosis. <i>Periostin</i>, a matricellular protein, is implicated in cancer progression, making it a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study examines <i>periostin</i> expression in normal tissues, potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOEL), and OSCC.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate and compare <i>periostin</i> expression in normal tissues, PPOEL, and OSCC stage I/stage II and stage III/IV using quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This <i>ex vivo</i> comparative study included 80 subjects divided into four groups (20 per group): healthy controls, PPOEL, OSCC Stage I/II, and OSCC Stage III/IV. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained. Peripheral blood samples were processed for RNA extraction, quantified using Nanodrop spectrophotometry, and analysed via qRT-PCR for <i>periostin</i> and GAPDH (housekeeping gene).</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data normalcy was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric (ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon) tests were applied depending on data distribution. SPSS version 21 was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Periostin</i> expression increased progressively from normal tissues to PPOEL, OSCC Stage I/II, and OSCC Stage III/IV. Significant differences in ΔΔCT and fold change values were observed between normal and OSCC stages, with advanced OSCC showing the highest <i>periostin</i> expression. However, differences between normal and PPOEL were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Periostin</i> expression correlates with OSCC progression, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis and as a therapeutic target. Further large-scale studies are required to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"528-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-12 levels in patients with oral lekoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.","authors":"Manasa M Babu, T Nripan, P Jayanthi, S D Asha, R Rathy","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_236_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_236_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells break through the basement membrane and enter the connective tissue, during that significant variations are seen in the matrix and matrix-degrading enzymes, among which Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the most important. OSCCs may develop from precursor lesions, such as oral leukoplakia (OL), which are in direct contact with saliva.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the salivary levels of MMP-12 in participants with OSCC, OL, and normal oral mucosa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 66 subjects, which included 22 OSCC patients, 22 OL patients, and 22 healthy subjects. Saliva was collected from all the study participants and stored at -80°C. ELISA was performed to analyse MMP-12, and the mean concentration in ng/mL was calculated for each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OSCC and OL patients had significantly higher salivary levels of MMP-12 compared to healthy controls. The salivary MMP-12 levels were also found to be significantly higher in moderate dysplasia as compared to mild dysplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMP-12 levels in the saliva of the OSCC patients were considerably higher than in the OL and healthy controls. The salivary MMP-12 levels were higher in higher grades of epithelial dysplasia and OSCCs. Hence, salivary MMP-12 levels can be used as a non-invasive, early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"622-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}