Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of randomized controlled trials in oral submucous fibrosis.","authors":"Rajlakshmi Gaikwad, Gargi Sarode, Sachin Sarode","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_218_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_218_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bibliometric analysis uses citation analysis to assess the impact of the research publications. This analysis investigated the most cited articles that are exclusively on the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) to help get an overview of the clinical research published to date. Articles were searched on the Scopus database with the terms 'oral submucous fibrosis' and 'randomized controlled trial' till March 2025. The Web of Science was used for citation cross-validation with Scopus. The number of citations, journals, authors, and country of origin were all reviewed. Co-occurrence analysis was carried out with the help of VOSviewer software. The data was collected from 2006 to 2024, with the maximum research papers published in 2015. A highest citation of 129 was recorded with a mean citation of 22 (standard deviation = 30.4627). The 25 articles were published in 16 different journals with the highest impact factor of 3.4, and the majority of which (<i>n</i> = 20) were published by Indian authors. Co-occurrence analysis was carried out for all keywords, and 27 keywords of the total 329 keywords met the threshold. Cooccurrence of author keywords suggested 4 keywords out of a total of 58 keywords that met the need with the minimum number of occurrences of 4. Co-occurrence for index keywords showed 25 keywords meeting the threshold. This analysis shows a paucity of RCTs conducted within the field and will facilitate interpretation of the clinical data and assist researchers in conducting more clinical research in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of enamel rod end patterns in primary anterior teeth among boys and girls using automated biometrics: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"A Subashri, Parisa N Baghkomeh, J Mohammed Farzan, Suvarnan K Sreni, Palati Sinduja","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_180_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_180_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enamel rod end patterns, analogous to fingerprints yet resistant to postmortem degradation, have been investigated as a potential alternative biometric marker, particularly in primary teeth. The existing literature highlights a gap in research, prompting this <i>in vitro</i> study. Its objective was to identify and analyse enamel rod end patterns on primary maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, distinguishing between boys and girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enamel rod end patterns of 120 noncarious primary anterior teeth with intact crown structure were recorded using the acetate peel technique. The photomicrographs of the imprints were then subjected to biometric conversion using Verifinger standard SDK® version 6.5 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the enamel surface of primary maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, the following seven enamel rod end patterns were detected and recorded: Wavy branched (WB), Linear branched (LB), Linear unbranched (LUB), Whorl (W), Loop (L), and Stem-like (SL) patterns. WB (<i>n</i> = 12; 20%) was the only pattern that predominated in all the samples of girls. WB (<i>n</i> = 9;15%) and LB (<i>n</i> = 3; 5%) emerged as a single pattern among boys. The patterns LUB, L, W, and SL were never observed alone; rather, they were combined with two, three, or four other patterns, primarily WB and LB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enamel rod-end patterns show promise as durable biometric markers; however, their forensic utility in gender identification depends on methodological standardisation and reproducibility. Future research should focus on validating recording protocols and ensuring consistent analytical reliability before routine forensic application, especially in paediatric cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profile of miR-99a and miR-218 across oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"J H Shazia Fathima, M S Puja Harie Priya, Rishal M Pathuthara, Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal, Ramya Murali, Vishnu P Veeraraghavan, Selvaraj Jayaraman","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_259_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_259_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major public health concern in India, often preceded by Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), a chronic progressive condition with malignant potential. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-99a and miR-218, are critical post-transcriptional regulators implicated in tumorigenesis and fibrosis. However, limited studies have assessed their expression profiles across the OSCC-OSMF continuum, particularly in Indian cohorts. This study investigates the expression patterns of miR-99a and miR-218 and their correlation with clinical and histopathological variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>FFPE tissue samples from 15 OSCC patients, 15 OSMF patients and 10 healthy controls were analysed. Sections were deparaffinized and total RNA was extracted with DNase treatment. Reverse transcription and SYBR Green-based qRT-PCR were performed to quantify miR-99a and miR-218 expression. Ct values were normalized to U6 snRNA and fold changes were calculated using the 2^^(-ΔΔ^Ct) method. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's <i>post hoc</i> test, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-99a was significantly downregulated in OSCC (mean Ct: 29.3 ± 1.4) and OSMF (mean Ct: 28.4 ± 1.1) compared with normal mucosa (mean Ct: 26.1 ± 1.5; <i>P</i> = 0.002). miR-218 expression was elevated in OSMF (mean Ct: 27.7 ± 1.3) and OSCC (mean Ct: 28.1 ± 1.5) versus normal (mean Ct: 29.9 ± 1.2; <i>P</i> = 0.004). Both miRNAs showed significant correlations with age, gender, lesion site, histological grade (in OSCC) and fibrosis stage (in OSMF).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct expression patterns of miR-99a and miR-218 across OSCC and OSMF suggest their roles in regulating epithelial dysplasia, fibrosis and tumor progression. These miRNAs hold promise as minimally invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and personalized therapeutic targeting in oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"132-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative <i>in vitro</i> study of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> and paclitaxel on oral cancer cells.","authors":"C Yugashini, Sudeendra Prabhu, Ashwini Prabhu","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_108_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_108_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral cancer still represents a leading cause of mortality in India. Due to the drawbacks and limitations of current treatment options, a safe, low-cost therapy is the need of the hour. Recently, newer plant extracts with anticancer properties have gained considerable attention. <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> has been studied for its anticancer effects against various cancers. However, research focusing specifically on its effects on oral cancer cells is limited, highlighting the importance of this study.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study intends to evaluate the anticancer effects of ethanolic leaf extract of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> against CAL 27 cell lines through <i>in vitro</i> assays and to compare this with the previously existing plant-derived anticancer drug used for oral cancer, paclitaxel.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ethanolic extracts of leaves of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> were prepared, and the anticancer efficacy of the leaf extract as well as paclitaxel was evaluated against CAL-27 oral cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>. MTT assay was performed using various concentrations of the plant extract and the drug on oral cancer cells. The percentage of cell viability for each concentration was calculated, and the IC₅₀ values were derived for both the extracts. Apoptosis detection was done using acridine orange-ethidium bromide dual fluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a decrease in the percentage of viable cells with increasing concentration of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> extracts. The IC₅₀ values of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> and paclitaxel were 206.44 and 54.97 µg/ml, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> showed significant cytotoxicity, although not as effective as paclitaxel, on oral cancer CAL-27 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The leaves of <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> exhibit potent anticancer activity against oral cancer (CAL-27) cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of SOX9 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma, pharyngeal and thyroid carcinomas.","authors":"Gudivaka Prasanna, K Roja Lakshmi, A Sudarshan Kumar, N Govind Raj Kumar, Sahana Ashok, M Sowmya","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_365_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_365_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major global health challenge with significant morbidity and mortality. While SOX9, a key transcription factor, has been implicated in cancer stem cell biology and treatment resistance, its expression patterns across different head and neck malignancies remain incompletely documented. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate SOX9 expression across oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pharyngeal carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 90 tissue specimens (30 cases each of OSCC, pharyngeal carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma). SOX9 expression was assessed for staining percentage, intensity, and subcellular localisation by two independent pathologists. Statistical analyses was performed using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroid carcinoma exhibited the highest SOX9 expression, with 60% showing 76-100% positivity versus 13.3% in OSCC and 23.3% in pharyngeal carcinoma (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Mean rank analysis confirmed significant differences (<i>χ</i>² = 21.674, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In OSCC and pharyngeal carcinoma, SOX9 expression correlated positively with tumour grade (<i>r</i> = 0.665 and <i>r</i> = 0.512, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.01), while thyroid carcinoma showed no such correlation. Nuclear localisation predominated across all groups (83.3-93.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.477).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study shows that SOX9 behaves differently across head and neck cancers rising with tumour grade in squamous cell carcinomas but showing an inverse pattern in thyroid cancers, where high expression indicates well-differentiated tumours and decreases with dedifferentiation. These contrasting patterns suggest SOX9 could be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker whose significance depends on cancer type.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rekindling the role of plasma Vitamin B₁₂ levels in individuals with and without oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs): An observational study.","authors":"Shamolie S Deshmukh, Rizwan M Sanadi, Revati S Deshmukh, Meenal Tepan, Priya N Deo, Prakhar Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_355_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_355_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin B₁₂ is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body especially affecting DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Deficiency of this vitamin is usually associated with megaloblastic anaemia, neuropathies or pernicious anaemia. The deficiency most often goes unrecognized because the clinical manifestations are highly variable, often subtle and non-specific. The study of plasma Vitamin B₁₂ levels in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), when observed may assist in early detection and prevention of these lesions. Hence the present study was conducted to assess and compare the plasma Vitamin B₁₂ levels in individuals with and without oral potentially malignant disorders.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess and compare the plasma Vitamin B₁₂ levels in individuals with no oral lesions and individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Systemically healthy individuals in the age group of 30 years-60 years of either gender with no oral lesions and those clinically diagnosed with oral potentially malignant disorders were selected for the study and grouped as Group A (30 individuals with no oral lesions) and Group B (30 individuals clinically diagnosed OPMDs). Plasma Vitamin B₁₂ levels were assessed using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Vitamin B₁₂ levels in Group A ranged between 224 and 913, while that in Group B ranged between 90 and 299; clearly indicating a decrease in the levels of Vitamin B₁₂ in individuals with OPMDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma Vitamin B₁₂ in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders were decreased as compared to individuals with no oral lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of salivary malondialdehyde level as oxidative stress marker in oral lichen planus and its correlation with psychological stress.","authors":"Dhanya Kumar, Jincy Thomas, Sunila Thomas","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder influenced by oxidative stress (OS) and psychological factors. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, serves as a reliable non-invasive biomarker of OS, measurable in saliva. While elevated MDA levels have been reported in OLP, limited research has explored its association with psychological stress. This study aimed to assess salivary MDA levels in OLP patients and correlate them with psychological parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 25 clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP patients and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analysed for MDA using ELISA. Psychological stress was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 scale. Data were analysed using an independent <i>t</i>-test and the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient test (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in the OLP group (3.58 ± 1.69 nmol/mL) than in controls (1.73 ± 1.32 nmol/mL) (<i>P</i> = 0.0001). No significant difference in MDA levels was observed between reticular (3.61 ± 1.46) and erosive (3.54 ± 2.01) OLP types. Psychological scores were significantly elevated in OLP patients, stress 15.12 ± 5.10 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), anxiety 9.68 ± 4.61 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), depression 13.60 ± 4.40 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). However, no significant correlation was found between salivary MDA levels and psychological scores in the OLP group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salivary MDA is a valid marker of OS in OLP. While psychological stress levels were significantly higher in OLP patients, no direct correlation was found between OS and psychological parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discerning the vascular transition in oral cancer: Comparative study of CD105 expression in normal, premalignant and malignant oral epithelium.","authors":"K Soumya Kumari, M Rajini Kanth, Pavani Vidyadhari, K S Vidya, G Spandana, K Sowmya","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_292_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_292_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for over 90% of oral malignancies in India, presents a significant public health concern due to its high incidence and mortality. Angiogenesis is a critical component of tumour progression and metastasis, and cluster of differentiation 105 (CD105) (Endoglin)-a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on activated endothelial cells-is considered a more specific marker of tumour neoangiogenesis than conventional pan-endothelial markers (e.g. CD34 and CD31).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess and compare CD105-based microvessel density (MVD) in normal oral mucosa, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and OSCC samples, evaluating endoglin potential as a specific neoangiogenesis marker for early detection and prognostic assessment in oral carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 45 cases (15 OSCC, 15 OPMDs and 15 normal mucosa) were subjected to anti-CD105 immunohistochemical staining. MVD was quantified using the hot-spot method under high-power magnification across five fields per sample. Statistical comparisons among groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by <i>post hoc</i> Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A progressive and statistically significant increase in mean microvessel density was observed: normal mucosa (23.07 ± 10.61), OPMDs (36.07 ± 15.92) and reaching the highest level in OSCC (69.23 ± 17.63). All intergroup differences were highly significant (<i>P</i> = 0.0001; pairwise comparisons <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore endoglin's value as a sensitive immunohistochemical marker for detecting neoangiogenesis. Its progressive increase in MVD from normal through potentially malignant tissue to carcinoma highlights its potential role in early detection and prognostic evaluation of oral carcinogenic progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global expert consensus on oral submucous fibrosis: Standardizing care, surveillance, and prevention strategies.","authors":"Pratibha Ramani, Vinay K Hazarey, Kannan Ranganathan, Jayanta Chattopadhyay, Punnya Angadi, W M Tilakarathne, Raghu Radhakrishnan, Karishma Desai, Dinesh K Daftary, Abilasha Ramasubramanian, Ramya Ramadoss, K Hema Shree","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_352_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_352_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible fibrotic disorder of the oral mucosa that is strongly associated with areca nut consumption. It is classified as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with one of the highest malignant transformation rates (4%-7%). Despite extensive research across Asia and globally, significant heterogeneity persists in diagnostic criteria, grading systems, and management strategies. This hinders effective clinical practice, surveillance, and public health policymaking. By integrating translational evidence on areca nut-associated fibrosis, oral potentially malignant disorders, and oral cancer into a consensus-driven framework, this manuscript advances biologically informed, equitable, and collaborative strategies for oral cancer prevention and early risk reclassification in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This guideline was developed through a structured consensus process modelled on the ACCORD reporting framework for consensus-based biomedical research. A multi-institutional steering committee was convened, and included senior oral pathologists and clinicians: Vinay Hazarey (VH), WM Tilakaratne (WMT), Kannan Ranganathan (KR), Raghu Radhakrishnan (RR), Jayanta Chattopadhyay (JC), Punnya V Angadi (PA), Karishma Desai (KD), and Pratibha Ramani (PR) (as a moderator from Saveetha Dental College, Chennai). The panel head was Dinesh Daftary (DD). Evidence was synthesised from peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement following structured rounds of discussion. The recommendations were graded as Strong or Conditional according to the quality of evidence, feasibility, and global applicability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The panel achieved a consensus on key areas: (1) OSMF is caused primarily by areca nut, a Group I carcinogen with no safe level of use; (2) clinical diagnosis should combine functional limitations with mucosal changes, supported by histopathology that incorporates fibrosis severity and epithelial dysplasia; (3) management should prioritize habit cessation, supplemented by pharmacological and surgical interventions as appropriate; (4) malignant transformation warrants long-term surveillance and potential revision of staging for OSMF-related oral cancer; and (5) strong public health measures are urgently needed, including regulation of areca nut sales and the establishment of centres of Excellence for OPMDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These WHO-style guidelines provide an evidence-based, globally relevant framework for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of OSMF. The emphasis should be on early detection, habit cessation, translational research, and policy reforms. The adoption of these recommendations will strengthen clinical practice and reduce the burden of OSMF, and associated oral cancer worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"2-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma - An immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Ramya Velmurugan, Shamala Ravikumar, Adhithya Baskaran, Janani Ilango, Kokila Sivakumar, Manisha Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_105_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_105_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 3^rd most pervasive malignancy in India. The indicative of oral malignancy is the mechanism of invasion and metastasis, which is facilitated by numerous enzyme systems, chiefly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among them, MMP-9 performs a major role in the facilitation of these processes by its ability to degrade the basal lamina and extracellular matrix. Oral carcinomas can develop from the progression of premalignant oral conditions. The early tissue changes occurring in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) lead to cellular alteration with expression of MMP-9, indicating that these MMPs influence the disease process.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included five study groups comprising histopathologically diagnosed cases of oral lichen planus (10 cases), oral submucous fibrosis (10 cases), oral leukoplakia (10 cases), OSCC (10 cases), and normal oral mucosa (10 cases).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After evaluation and comparison of the area and intensity of staining of MMP-9 among the groups, it is significantly appreciated in OSCC (100% positive expression) and OPMD disorders when compared to the mucosa free of lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMP-9 can be considered a reliable marker to assess invasion and prognosis in OSCC. The expression of MMP-9 in OPMDs suggests alteration in the epithelial cells, thereby prompting early management to curb lesion carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}