Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Sjogren's syndrome-Case series and literature review.","authors":"Nivia Mahadoon, Manju Mariam Stephen Mathunny","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_257_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_257_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, leading to xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. To analyse the demographic details, clinical presentations, and serological and histopathological findings in a series of patients diagnosed with SS. This retrospective case series of SS was conducted at a tertiary institution in Kerala. The study comprised 10 patients with a mean age of 49 years, exhibiting a female-to-male ratio of 9:1. The most common clinical signs included xerostomia (90%), xerophthalmia (100%). Histopathological examination revealed focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in all cases (100%), with a mean focus score of 1.35. SS predominantly affects middle-aged women and presents with sicca symptoms. Histopathological examination of labial salivary glands remains the valuable diagnostic tool. Future research should concentrate on exploring targeted therapies that can improve the quality of life for those affected by SS.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S23-S27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity of HPV genotypes in oropharyngeal condyloma accuminatum: Case report from Ecuador.","authors":"María de Lourdes Rodríguez, Rodrigo F Guerrero, Ivan A Palacios, Rodrigo X Palacios","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_77_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_77_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acuminated condyloma (AC), or venereal wart, is a viral infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Adolescents and young adults are the most vulnerable groups. Its presentation in the oral cavity is atypical, as is the involvement of HPV genotypes other than HPV-6/11/16/18. This report describes an unusual case of oropharyngeal condyloma in a young adult woman with dyslipidaemia and vitamin D deficiency, which exhibited co-infection with low-risk (HPV-6, 11) and high-risk oncogenic genotypes (HPV-59, 82). The latter two genotypes have not been reported in oral or oropharyngeal AC cases so far. Diagnosis was based on clinical and pathological findings, with a favourable prognosis despite the lesion's location. While AC diagnosis is primarily clinical, histopathological analysis is crucial for distinguishing it from other HPV-related oral conditions. Genotyping, though not essential for diagnosis, has epidemiological relevance in guiding vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S58-S62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous regression of intraoral spindle cell carcinoma with subsequent regional nodal metastasis - A unique case report with review of literature.","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Kiran Jot, Suchitra Gosavi, Vinay K Hazarey","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_164_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_164_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SpSCC) is an uncommon, aggressive biphasic variant of oral SCC, known for high recurrence and poor prognosis. Spontaneous regression (SR) of malignant tumours is an exceptionally rare phenomenon, particularly in intraoral carcinomas. We report a unique case of SpSCC in a 66-year-old male, where 1 month post incisional biopsy, the primary intraoral lesion showed complete spontaneous regression, though regional submandibular lymph node metastasis subsequently developed. Diagnosis was established through histopathology and immunohistochemistry, with positivity for cytokeratin, p63, and vimentin. A literature review revealed very few documented instances of SR in oral malignancies, often following diagnostic procedures, potentially due to biopsy-induced immune activation and alterations in the tumour microenvironment. This case underscores the enigmatic nature of SR in oral cancers and highlights the need for long-term surveillance, while raising important considerations about immune mechanisms and their potential therapeutic implications in head and neck oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S1-S9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding myoepithelioma: Highlighting diagnostic dilemmas through a series of rare cases.","authors":"Mangesh Londhe, Neil Abhay Shah, Sushama Gurwale, Charusheela Gore","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_219_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_219_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myoepitheliomas are exceedingly rare neoplasms of the salivary glands. Minor salivary gland neoplasms most frequently occur in the palate (hard palate), followed by the lips, oral mucosa, and tongue/floor of the mouth. Additionally, less prevalent locations encompass the retromolar area, pharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and larynx. The lack of distinctive cytologic features and bland morphology in both benign and malignant myoepitheliomas necessitates the use of histopathology and immunohistochemistry for accurate diagnosis. Hence, here, we report a series of three cases, including two benign and one malignant myoepithelioma, stressing the significance of the above-mentioned techniques for efficient diagnosis and management. This rare case series comprises many salivary gland myoepithelial neoplasms. Examples include the cystic plasmacytoid and clear cell myoepithelioma and low-grade myoepithelial carcinoma with parenchymal invasion. Immunohistochemical myoepithelial markers include vimentin, smooth muscle antigen, S 100, and p63. All of our patients had a positive p63. Myoepithelioma is diagnosed by biopsy because many tumours have similar clinical and radiological characteristics. They rarely reoccur, improving prognosis. Malignant myoepitheliomas may require wide local excision with clean margins. Regular follow-up is recommended. Myoepitheliomas are rare salivary gland tumours. Myoepithelioma should be suspected in slow-growing, well-defined salivary gland masses with variable post-contrast enhancement on CT images. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are the best myoepithelioma diagnostic methods. Malignant myoepithelioma must be ruled out by thorough invasion testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S28-S33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral T-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an HIV-positive patient: A rare case emphasizing the diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Rasakatla Hemanth, Pakerla Aruna, Vippa Sahithi, Madarapu Tejasvi","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_265_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_265_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with unusual oral manifestations. Its clinical diagnosis can be particularly challenging in HIV-positive individuals due to overlapping features with other HIV-associated lesions, such as Kaposi sarcoma or necrotizing periodontal conditions. We report a case of a 38-year-old HIV-positive man presenting with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left posterior maxilla. Clinical and radiographic findings were nonspecific, necessitating histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of T-cell NHL. This case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in accurately diagnosing atypical oral lesions, especially in immunocompromised individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S54-S57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patient with McCune-Albright syndrome: A rare case report.","authors":"Cintia Mussi Milani, Guilherme Vargas Marques, Rafaela Sávio Melzer, Liliane Roskamp, Natanael Henrique Ribeiro Mattos","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_124_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_124_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of two or more classic features: Fibrous dysplasia of bone, café-au-lait skin macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. Bisphosphonates are commonly administered in these patients to mitigate bone lesions and relieve pain; despite the benefits of this medication, its use places patients at risk for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) making it essential to obtain a thorough medical history prior to any oral surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to present a rare case of MRONJ in a 29-year-old female patient with MAS, who had been receiving intravenous zoledronate for seven years and was submitted to the upper right impacted third molar removal. MRONJ remains a challenging condition with no standardized treatment protocol. In the present case, bone sequestrum removal combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin and buccal fat pad grafting, along with pentoxifylline and tocopherol therapy, yielded positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S44-S48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trifid mandibular condyle: An outlier from normal physiology with review.","authors":"Ajit Mishra, Arkaprava Banerjee, Rudra P Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_138_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_138_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A complicated skeletal structure, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is necessary for the jaw to function normally. The mandibular condyle and its associated tissues can grow abnormally unilaterally or bilaterally for a variety of reasons. A rare and unusual anatomical variant known as trifid mandibular condyle (TMC) occurs when the condyle's head is divided into three separate heads by grooves of varying depths. The bifid variety, which is distinguished by the duplication of the mandibular condyle, is the subject of the majority of the work now in publication. We present a unique case of this rare morphological variation of the trifid mandibular condyle and review the present literature. It can be unilateral, with a predominance on the left side, or a less common bilateral form. Three separate heads make up the trifid mandibular condyle. Some facial asymmetry is caused by the trifid mandibular condyle; however, TMJ function may be almost normal.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S49-S53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periapical actinomycosis of the mandible: A diagnostic challenge mimicking conventional apical periodontitis- A case report.","authors":"Saumya Verma, Pradip Damor, Smita Singh, Manish Bhargava, Anchal Varshney","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_258_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_258_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic suppurative infection caused by filamentous, Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, primarily <i>Actinomyces israelii</i>, with cervicofacial involvement being the most common presentation. Periapical actinomycosis, a rare central subtype of cervicofacial actinomycosis accounting for approximately 1-2% of central cases, is characterized by an indolent, less invasive course. This case report describes an unusual presentation of mandibular periapical actinomycosis in a 26-year-old immunocompetent female with no history of trauma or predisposing comorbidities. The patient presented with mobility in the lower right anterior region. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a non-vital tooth #41 with associated lateral radiolucency and significant alveolar bone loss, initially suggestive of conventional apical periodontitis. Following endodontic treatment, surgical debridement uncovered a yellowish exudate, prompting a biopsy. Histopathological examination was pivotal, revealing chronically inflamed granulation tissue with characteristic colonies of filamentous, branching bacteria consistent with <i>Actinomyces</i> species, confirming the diagnosis. The lesion was successfully managed with a combination of thorough surgical debridement, bone grafting (β-TCP), placement of an amniotic membrane (AM) barrier and a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin. At a 6-month follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by periapical actinomycosis, which can closely mimic common endodontic diseases and neoplasms. It underscores the indispensable role of histopathological evaluation in reaching a definitive diagnosis and the importance of considering this infection in the differential diagnosis of refractory periapical lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S39-S43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling hypoxia's role in oral cancer progression: Analysing HIF-1α and HIF-2α in epithelial dysplasia immunohistochemically.","authors":"Niva Mahapatra, Abikshyeet Panda, Harish Kumar, Kailash Chandra Dash, Lipsa Bhuyan, Pallavi Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_81_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_81_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the world, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Numerous factors are known to influence the tumour microenvironment, promoting the development of neoplasms. Among them, hypoxia plays a crucial role in neo-angiogenesis by stimulating factors that are proangiogenic in order to thrive with an adequate supply of blood, thereby increasing tumour aggressiveness and worsening the prognosis in neoplasms. Oral cancer is most often preceded by OPMDs with a histological connotation of epithelial dysplasia.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>The aim is to assess the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in various grades of epithelial dysplasia and normal buccal mucosa, which will aid in comprehending the mechanism of malignant conversion of OPMD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Assessment of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression was done in 90 samples of epithelial dysplasia, which were categorised histologically into 30 samples each of mild, moderate and severe dysplasia immunohistochemically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was noted between expression of HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha in each mild (0.133 ± 0.098 and 0.014 ± 0.008, respectively), moderate (2.050 ± 0.530 and 1.200 ± 0.406, respectively) and severe grades of dysplasia (6.350 ± 0.939 and 2.400 ± 0.674, respectively). (<i>P</i> = 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypoxia is a crucial factor that triggers the switch of angiogenesis and other inflammatory mediators, facilitating tumorigenesis. This is essential for anticipating the malignant conversion of epithelial dysplasia and, in turn, also predicts the prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"584-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of inflammasome-related proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues-A systematic review.","authors":"Harikrishnan Prasad, Nitya Kala, Mathew Jacob, Muthusamy Rajmohan","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_285_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_285_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis, including in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), by regulating inflammation, immune responses, and tumour progression. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of inflammasome-related proteins in human HNSCC tissues.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar was conducted up to 31 May 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and after prior registration in PROSPERO. Studies were included if they evaluated inflammasome-related proteins, such as NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, using IHC in human HNSCC tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were eligible, with sample sizes ranging from 7 to 176. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUIN tool, which revealed some methodological limitations, particularly with scoring consistency, blinding, and antibody validation. NLRP3 was the most consistently overexpressed marker, frequently associated with advanced tumour stage, poor prognosis, and therapy resistance. Other proteins, including IL-1β, ASC, and caspase-1, also demonstrated elevated expression and were linked to inflammation and metastatic features. Gasdermin E was associated with favourable clinical outcomes and improved chemotherapy response. Certainty of evidence, assessed using the GRADE approach, was moderate for NLRP3 but low for other markers. Significant heterogeneity in IHC protocols and a lack of standardized scoring limited cross-study comparability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, inflammasome-related proteins, especially NLRP3, appear to be key contributors to HNSCC progression and may hold potential as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42023453852.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 4","pages":"664-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}