Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of collagen birefringence in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma using Picrosirius red - polarizing microscopy and comparison with Picrosirius red - Fast green stain.","authors":"Deba Kumar Das, Jiji George, Ankita Singh, Puneet Ahuja","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_350_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_350_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most common cancers globally, with significant prevalence in India. While OSCC is primarily an epithelial malignancy, its interaction with the surrounding stroma influences tumour progression. The stromal response may facilitate invasion via collagen degradation or inhibit it through desmoplasia.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To comparatively evaluate stromal collagen alterations in different histological grades of OSCC using Picrosirius Red and PSR-Fast Green staining with emphasis on staining characteristics, birefringence patterns, and morphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 archival OSCC specimens comprising well-differentiated (<i>n</i> = 20), moderately differentiated (<i>n</i> = 20), and poorly differentiated (<i>n</i> = 20) cases, along with 10 normal oral mucosa controls, were stained with PSR, PSR-Fast Green, and haematoxylin-eosin. Collagen fibres were evaluated under polarized light (PSR) and bright-field microscopy (PSR-Fast Green). Morphometric analysis-including fibre thickness, arrangement, and birefringence intensity-was performed using ImageJ software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Well-differentiated OSCC displayed thick, parallel, dense collagen fibres with strong orange-red birefringence. Moderately differentiated OSCC exhibited intermediate features with mixed birefringence. Poorly differentiated OSCC showed thin, disorganized, loosely arranged collagen fibres with weak green birefringence under polarized light. PSR-Fast Green staining offered comparable results with enhanced bright-field contrast.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collagen architecture and birefringence diminish with increasing OSCC grade, indicating progressive stromal degradation that likely facilitates tumour invasion. Evaluating stromal collagen using PSR and PSR-Fast Green may provide diagnostic and prognostic value in OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Forkhead box protein 3 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus: A systematic review.","authors":"Pushpak U Shah, Punnya V Angadi","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_335_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_335_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a non-neoplastic immune-mediated chronic disease of the oral mucosa with malignant transformation potential into oral cancer. Immune-regulatory T cells and the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) are important in the control of immune function, but their definitive role in the disease process is not known. To assess the contribution of FOXP3-positive cells and associated immune mechanisms to the development and maintenance of OLP and to investigate their correlation with clinical disease activity. Published clinical, molecular, and immunohistochemical papers were analysed for patterns of expression and function of FOXP3-positive cells, inflammatory cytokines, and immune pathways in OLP. Data from descriptive and analytical studies were combined to gain insights into the pathogenesis. Higher numbers of FOXP3-positive cells are found regularly in OLP. The majority of these cells do not possess suppressive activity, which results in chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of immune-modulatory pathways, including the FOXP3-microRNA-nuclear factor kappa B axis, in association with heightened pro-inflammatory cytokines, correlates directly with disease activity. Variations in expression patterns also correlate with erosive and non-erosive clinical subtypes. FOXP3-positive cells play a pivotal role in the immune imbalance of OLP. Their existence indicates an attempt to regulate immune reactions, but functional impairment leads to persistent inflammation. Knowledge of these processes can assist in formulating targeted therapy and prognostication of disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum biochemical profiling in tobacco-exposed individuals: Evaluating metabolic alterations and gamma-glutamyl transferase as an early marker of oxidative stress.","authors":"Subhi S Gupta, Diksha R Pagare, Sheetal S Choudhari, Amita Navalkar, Anish Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_303_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_303_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco has 60+ carcinogens, which cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation, highlighting the need for serum biomarkers in users to detect early changes. The present study aims to study the alterations of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total proteins, and albumin in individuals with tobacco habit.</p><p><strong>Materials and methodology: </strong>This study constituted 90 subjects. 30 tobacco users without lesions (Group 1), 30 with tobacco-associated lesions (Group 2), and 30 healthy controls without tobacco habit (Group 3). Study participants were evaluated for serum TG, TC, GGT, total proteins, and albumin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TC and TG were highest in subjects of Group 2 as compared to Groups 1 and 3. GGT was highest in subjects of Group 1 as compared to Groups 2 and 3, although the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference between the levels of total protein and albumin among all the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biochemical changes may occur early in tobacco users, even before onset of visible lesions. A rise in serum GGT was seen in tobacco-exposed individuals, indicating its possible role as an early marker of oxidative stress. This study also noted a significant increase in TC levels in tobacco users with oral lesions, suggesting a link between lipid alterations and the carcinogenic process. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of these metabolic alterations requires validation through larger multicentric studies. Serum biochemical profiling thus holds promise as a non-invasive tool for early risk assessment in tobacco users.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia.","authors":"Somanathan Anjana, Rajendran Rajeev","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_278_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_278_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers globally, accounting for a significant portion of head and neck malignancies. Most cases are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), which may progress through histological changes such as hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). A key factor in this progression is immune evasion, particularly through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which tumour cells exploit to escape immune surveillance. Although therapeutic strategies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 are promising, their expression patterns and prognostic significance in OED and OSCC remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in OED and OSCC, including their different grades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 66 samples (33 each of OED and OSCC). Diagnoses were confirmed histopathologically. Samples were stained using immunohistochemistry for PD-1 and PD-L1, and expression was assessed using the immunoreactivity score (IRS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>PD-1 and PD-L1 expression were significantly higher in OSCC compared with OED (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Expression levels increased progressively with higher grades of dysplasia and poorer tumour differentiation. A positive correlation between PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was observed within both groups, aligning with previous studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in early tumour development and immune evasion. Further research with larger sample sizes and clinical correlation could establish PD-1/PD-L1 as targets for immunotherapy, potentially improving outcomes in advanced OSCC and severe dysplasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of stathmin in oral potentially malignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma: An observational study.","authors":"Sadiq Siddiqui, Madhusudan Astekar, Gaurav Sapra, Ashutosh Agarwal, Aditi Murari","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_22_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_22_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The term 'Stathmin' is derived from 'Stathmos', a Greek word meaning 'relay'. Stathmin has been known to be highly regulated in varieties of cancers and correlates well with cell differentiation, migration and proliferation. Hence, the expression of Stathmin was immunohistochemically evaluated in oral potentially malignant disorders and malignant lesions.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Cases of oral potentially malignant disorders and cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma that have been verified histopathologically were included. The presence and distribution of immunohistochemically positive cells for Stathmin were evaluated. The data were entered on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and a one-way ANOVA test and Student Independent <i>t</i>-test was used. A <i>P</i> value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining score of mild epithelial dysplasia, moderate epithelial dysplasia and severe epithelial dysplasia was 0.16, 0.48, and 0.87, respectively. However, in malignant lesion mean IHC score of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 0.87, 1.22 and 3.37, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The stathmin expression contributes to the progression of the diseased state, and have a possible role as an early investigative biomarker. However, more research with a larger sample size in addition with molecular analytical techniques could be necessary to definitively govern the association between stathmin and its precise role in malignant lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosacea overlapping the malar rash: A diagnostic challenge in early systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Antônio Roberto Garcia Júnior, Paulo Sergio Pina, Marília Trierveiler, Camilla Vieira Esteves","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_212_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_212_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous manifestations, often overlapping with other conditions and complicating diagnosis. Oral lesions, though less common than cutaneous involvement, may offer important diagnostic clues. We report a 51-year-old female with rosacea, who developed persistent oral ulcers initially linked to a dental prosthesis. Lesions worsened despite adjustments and corticosteroid therapy, and the first biopsy was inconclusive. A second biopsy showed features of lupus erythematosus, including basal layer degeneration, subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate, and PAS-positive basement membrane thickening. Serology revealed low-titter ANA (1:160) without additional autoantibodies. The coexistence of rosacea and lupus-like lesions delayed diagnosis, highlighting the need for clinicopathological correlation. Over 2 years of multidisciplinary follow-up, the patient achieved remission of oral and cutaneous lesions despite persistently low ANA titters. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of overlapping dermatologic conditions and reinforces the importance of interdisciplinary management and long-term follow-up in suspected SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S19-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare intersection: Oral carcinoma cuniculatum in the context of Down syndrome.","authors":"Sharon Sam, Soumya Anandan, H Thamizh Chelvan, S Elengkumaran","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_203_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_203_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral carcinoma cuniculatum (OCC) is a rare, well-differentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma, characterized by keratin-filled crypts and a burrowing growth pattern. Its occurrence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is exceptionally uncommon due to their reportedly lower risk of solid tumours. We present a rare case of OCC in a 38-year-old woman with DS, who reported a painful lesion on the lateral tongue. Histopathological analysis confirmed OCC, aided by E-cadherin immunohistochemistry to differentiate it from verrucous carcinoma. Surgical excision with neck dissection was performed. The case highlights diagnostic challenges in DS individuals, including misattribution of symptoms and oral hygiene difficulties. This report underscores the importance of awareness camps and early detection of oral malignancies in patients with DS and advocates for targeted education and preventive programmes for caregivers and dental professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S34-S38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown tumor of mandible: A conundrum towards the diagnosis.","authors":"Sayani Shome, Manorama Dutta, Aritra Laskar, Rudra P Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_178_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_178_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown Tumor is a rare, reactive, giant cell associated, late-stage bone lesion occuring as a result of long term untreated primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). It clinically manifests as a high turnover bone disease, which typically shows increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in response to low serum calcium concentration thereby enhancing calcium reabsorption and osteoclastic bone resorption, hence called osteoclastoma or giant cell reparative granuloma or osteitis fibrosa cystica. Brown tumor associated with HPT can be seen in any part of the human skeleton, However clinically significant lesion involving the craniofacial skeleton is quite rare. Here we report a rare case of Brown tumor associated with HPT in a 28 year old female involving the right side of mandible.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S10-S14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in delineating B-cell lymphoma: A case of plasmablastic lymphoma mimicking Burkitt lymphoma.","authors":"Kundendu Arya Bishen, Sakshi Arora, Shweta Rehani, Madhvika Patidar, Jaya Joshi","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_157_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_157_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An immunocompromised body state following the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of certain cancers like Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma. B-cell lymphomas are the common neoplasms that occur, and Oral Plasmablastic lymphoma is one of its types. It is categorized as a large B-cell lymphoma and an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These are rare tumours that histologically resemble other lymphomas, like Burkitt lymphoma, causing a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists. Here we report a rare case of Oral Plasmablastic lymphoma in a 32-year-old HIV-positive male with tuberculosis infection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to confirm the diagnosis, and the markers used for differentiating various lymphomas have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S15-S18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chondroid syringoma: Diagnostic challenge with benign mixed tumour of salivary gland-A case report.","authors":"Vinod Mony, Ramadas Madhavan Nirmal, Ramani Lenin Parvathy","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_55_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_55_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a rare benign skin adnexal tumour that may be confused with various skin lesions. This tumour is thought to originate from both secretory and ductal segments of the sweat glands, and both eccrine and apocrine variants have been described. Its occurrence in other parts of body is very rare except in head and neck. This article presents the case of a 40-year-old female patient with a swelling on the dorsum of nose, diagnosed as CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"29 Suppl 1","pages":"S63-S66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}