Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Are pathologists legally liable?","authors":"Manjunath Rai","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_323_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_323_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"544-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of varying tobacco habits on salivary flow rate, pH and taste perception.","authors":"Pearl Gupta, Aparna Dave, Pulin Saluja, Manpreet Arora","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_523_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_523_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking and smokeless form of tobacco consumption is highly prevalent among the adult population worldwide. Tobacco use has an adverse effect on oral health. It may contribute to an impaired salivary flow rate and influence salivary pH and taste perception.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effects of tobacco on salivary flow rate, salivary pH and taste perception.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate salivary flow rate, pH and taste perception in tobacco chewers and tobacco smokers.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>Sixty subjects were selected from the patients attending Dental OPD. Group A included 20 subjects who has the habit of chewing tobacco for a minimum period of 5 years. Group B included 20 subjects who has the habit of smoking tobacco for at least a period of 5 years. Group C included 20 healthy individuals who did not have habit of chewing or smoking tobacco, and they formed the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On comparing salivary pH between tobacco chewers (Group A) and control group (Group C), it was observed that there was not much difference in salivary pH between the groups. The mean value of Group A (tobacco chewers) of salivary pH was calculated as 7.59 with 0.70 SD. For the control group (Group C), the mean value was obtained as 7.42 with 0.96 standard deviation. The independent <i>t</i>-test was applied, and the result was nonsignificant. Similarly, when SFR was evaluated, it was observed that the mean value for SFR of Group A was 1.75 with 0.71 SD, and for the control group, it was 1.51. There was no significant difference in pH between Group A and Group B. A significant reduction in taste perception was observed in smokers as compared to nonsmokers (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Smokers rated the intensity of all taste solutions lower than the nonsmokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Frequent tobacco use impacts oral health, often unknown to the users. This study found altered perception of bitter taste in tobacco users. However, salivary pH and SFR showed minimal variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"560-564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours - A Review.","authors":"Himani T Chaturvedi, Chandrashekher Chaturvedi","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_126_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_126_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are mainly benign, which represent combined areas of neurofibroma, schwannoma, and perineurioma in various combinations and pose challenges to the surgeon and the pathologist. They are relatively new in pathology and were first published in the fourth edition of World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Soft tissue and Bone in 2013. They are mainly dermal or subcutaneous, and the most common variant of hybrid nerve sheath tumour is perineurioma-schwannoma. The combination of neurofibroma/schwannoma usually has an increased frequency with neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 or 2 and schwannomatosis. In contrast, neurofibroma/perineurioma, mainly associated with NF1, are rare. Diagnosis is established by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Hence, they embark diagnostic challenge and demand extreme vigilance and caution. However, the molecular pathogenesis, recurrence rates, and risk of malignant transformation of hybrid PNST remain poorly understood. A novel <i>CHD7-VGLL3</i> fusion gene in a hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma and recurrent <i>ERBB2</i> mutations in a subset of hybrid neurofibroma/schwannomas were identified. We have tried, via this article, to represent a brief update on hybrid nerve sheath tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"651-656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Utilizing patient's own immunity to treat oral cancer.","authors":"Rashmi Gs Phulari, Bharvi Solanki","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_327_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_327_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma is an immunosuppressive state. HNSCC evades immune responses through multiple resistance mechanisms. Because of better understanding of interaction between tumour microenvironment and immune regulators, there is increasing interest in role of immunotherapy as a treatment modality of HNSCC. Many clinical trials have been performed using checkpoint inhibitors, as monotherapies and combination therapies. Immune checkpoint molecule, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has shown promising results as a treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC. This review discusses immune checkpoint molecules, their functional mechanisms, role of immunotherapy as a monotherapies and combination therapy for better treatment and prognosis of HNSCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"641-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Vibhuti Shreesh Mhatre, Jigna Pathak, Sheetal Choudhari, Niharika Swain, Sneha Masne Deshpande, Prachiti Terni","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_286_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_286_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Teeth, being the most stable tissues in the body, can serve as excellent sources in forensic investigations. Tooth size standards based on odontometric investigations can be used for sex determination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of permanent maxillary first molars in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) of the Maharashtrian population, in the age group of 18-25 years. The buccopalatal (BP) and mesiodistal (MD) diameters of the maxillary first molars were measured using digital vernier callipers on the study casts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unpaired <i>t</i>-tests and paired <i>t</i>-tests were used to analyse the data. There was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in the permanent maxillary first molar dimensions in the Maharashtrian population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary first molars may serve as a supplementary tool in sex determination and also provide population-specific baseline data.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"731-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible: A rare case report with diagnostic challenge and treatment approach.","authors":"Preethi N Sharma, Minal S Chaudhary, Alka H Hande, Swati K Patil","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_98_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_98_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), now termed undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), is a high-grade tumour, mostly affecting the extremities and retroperitoneum. It is a rare entity in the mandible. After a literature search in the PubMed database, only 15 cases have been reported, indicating how uncommon it is in the mandible. In this instance, we document an unusual occurrence of MFH, affecting the mandible in a 37-year-old male patient. Histopathology of the biopsy specimen along with the strong positivity to immunohistochemical markers such as Vimentin and CD68 confirmed the diagnosis of MFH. It is a rare entity presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 4","pages":"705-707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential calcium content of anchovy <i>(Stolephorus sp.)</i> on mandibular bone growth through osteoprotegerin expression analysis.","authors":"Sumintarti Sugiharto, Shelly Salmah, Eva Fauziah, Sri Ramadany, Ummi Wajdiyah, Harun Achmad","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_484_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_484_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anchovy <i>(Stolephorus sp.)</i> is a commonly used food ingredient due to its high calcium content, which supports craniofacial growth. Calcium stimulates the formation of osteoblasts, which produce osteoprotegerin (OPG). OPG binds to RANKL, blocking RANKL-RANK bonding and limiting osteoclast development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze OPG expression in mandibular bones to assess the potential calcium content of anchovies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups of 27 male Wistar rats were created: control, anchovy, and milk. After 40 days, the rats were decapitated, and their mandibular bones were surgically extracted, decalcified, and prepared for microscopic examination. The results showed a significant difference in OPG expression of rat mandibles between control, anchovy, and milk groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), as determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey's HSD test revealed a significant difference in the average quantity of rat mandibular OPG expression between the control group and each of the anchovy and milk groups, with probability values of 0.00 and 0.003 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), respectively. However, the average level of OPG expression in anchovy and milk groups did not differ significantly, as indicated by the probability value of 0.064 (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mandibular development increases after feeding anchovies compared to the control group. Anchovy is not statistically superior to milk in terms of increasing mandibular development. However, as a high-calcium food, anchovy is well-suited to support children's craniofacial development and growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 3","pages":"374-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative histologic evaluation of teeth decalcified by conventional method versus microwave induced decalcification.","authors":"Rashmi Kerketta, Sonalee Shah, Himanta Grihtlahare, Amit Wasti, Swatantrata Patel","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_75_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_75_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Complete demineralization of hard tissues with preservation of organic components to retain their tissue architecture and to obtain thin section for histological examination is done by a process known as \"decalcification\". Tooth decalcification may be achieved by subjecting the tissue to a decalcifying chemical agent and employing heat, vacuum, or electric current to enhance the procedure. Completion of decalcification is adjudged by determination of end-point. Histological examination of hard tooth tissues and pulp is essential for diagnosis of developmental pathologies, pulp pathologies, and forensic odontology analysis as well as for research purpose.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In our study, we studied the time consumed for decalcification procedure by conventional decalcification method and with the microwave-assisted decalcification method for teeth, using 5% nitric acid, 5% trichloracetic acid, and 14% EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), respectively, along with morphological preservation of dentin and pulp tissue by analyzing preservation of their issue structure (pulp shrinkage, odontoblastic layer damage) and staining efficacy (patchy staining) for the three types of decalcifying agents used.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>The sample for this study included 120 freshly extracted teeth consisting of teeth of mandibular dentition. Samples were divided into two study groups:Group I: Decalcified by Conventional methodGroup II: Decalcified by Microwave method.Each group consisted of, three sub-groups employing a different decalcifying agent from among the three decalcifying agents used, that is, 5% nitric acids, 5% trichloroacetic acid, and 14%EDTA respectively.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The difference in speed of decalcification for both groups showed significant result. In either group, decalcification was fastest using 5% nitric acid. The difference in number of decalcified teeth sections showing shrinkage of pulp was not statistically significant for both groups. Damaged odontoblastic layer was evident only in the teeth treated with 5% nitric acid by microwave method. Patchy staining was observed in a few samples of all sample groups except those decalcified with EDTA by conventional method but the results were not statistically different on intercomparison.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Our results are similar to those of previous studies and we found that microwave method is an option that can reduce the time of decalcification. Tooth tissue morphology also was noted to be well preserved with 5% trichloracetic acid and 14% EDTA in comparison to 5% Nitric acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 3","pages":"393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Cajal's trichrome stain in oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"S S Vidya Srinidhi, Ambika Murugesan, Sekar Balakrishnan, Maya Ramesh, V Varrshana, Mathew Jacob","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_542_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_542_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modified Cajal's trichrome stain (MCTS) is a good differential stain that allows one to visibly distinguish between connective tissue and epithelial elements with different tonalities of colour.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our study aims to evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using MCTS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A study was conducted retrospectively with 30 tissue blocks embedded in paraffin from cases of OSCC that have been confirmed by histopathology. Both standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and MCTS were applied to each section. Then all the sections were analysed by two observers for nucleus cytoplasmic intensity, break in the basement membrane, and advancing front of the tumour, muscle, and surrounding stroma. The efficacy of the stain was assessed and was graded as 1, poor; 2, fair; and 3, good based on the staining intensity.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>The parameters were graded for H&E and modified Cajal's stain. The results were subjected to the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The above-mentioned parameters analysed showed a uniformly significant <i>P</i> value of 0.001 for comparing modified Cajal's trichrome stain to H&E stain. Measurement of the agreement was done based on Kappa statistics between two observers, and the values for each expression show that there was good agreement between the two for all the parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MCTS can also be used as a diagnostic aid to pathologists for better distinction of cellular components and easier identification, thereby solving difficulties in diagnosis at earlier stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 3","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To evaluate the role of mast cells on angiogenesis in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A histochemical study.","authors":"Yusra Khan, Shweta Rehani, Mohit Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_17_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer, and 90% of them are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). As most OSCC are asymptomatic and are only detected at an advanced stage, the 5-year survival rate is only 50%. Thus, using novel prognosticators can minimise mortality and morbidity associated with OSCC. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and angiogenesis in different grades of OSCC to analyse their role in its progression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 45 cases were included, comprising 10 well-differentiated SCCs (WDOSCC), 10 moderately differentiated SCCs (MDOSCC), and 10 poorly differentiated SCCs (PDOSCC). Additionally, five normal buccal mucosae (NBM) samples served as negative controls for OSCC. Five cases of neurofibroma and pyogenic granuloma were used as positive controls for mast cells and angiogenesis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean MCD in WDOSCC, MDOSCC, and PDOSCC were 3.2620 ± 2.65177, 3.0310 ± 1.38276, and 4.1580 ± 2.49482, respectively. The MVD in WDOSCC, MDOSCC, and PDOSCC were 10.2850 ± 4.35032, 9.9240 ± 2.72533, and 7.1520 ± 2.26966, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>MCD was the highest in PDOSCC, followed by WDOSCC and MDOSCC. These results indicate a redundant role of mast cells in OSCC, or they might jumpstart malignancy but are retarded with OSCC progression. The MVD decreased with higher grades, in contrast to the prevalent literature. The correlation analysis between MVD and MCD revealed no significant correlation between them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a non-significant role of mast cells in tumour biology and a decrease in vascularity with advancing grades. These results indicate a lower need for mast cell activation to augment vascularisation. A study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":38846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"28 3","pages":"403-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}