Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Protective performance of auxetic TPU pad for helmet: An investigation into design improvements for blunt impact protection","authors":"Zhouyu Shen,&nbsp;Yaoke Wen,&nbsp;Weixiao Nie,&nbsp;Huicheng Wang,&nbsp;Haoran Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional helmet foam pads have limited energy absorption for blunt impacts, unable to meet protective needs in complex ballistic scenarios such as fragments and bullets. Auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) materials have been tested for helmet pads, but existing studies focus mainly on low-velocity impact protection. Thus, optimizing auxetic pad structures for high-velocity impacts is essential.</div><div>In this study, lightweight expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-LW) was used as the base material, with 3D printing to fabricate pad samples. First, TPU-LW's material constitutive model was established via uniaxial tensile tests. Simulations later revealed a key issue: a single auxetic pad caused excessive skull peak stress. To solve this, an innovative “auxetic + foam” composite pad was designed, verified by 9 mm pistol bullet and 1.1 g fragment tests.</div><div>The composite pad outperformed single auxetic and foam pads in key head blunt impact indicators. Simulations showed that under high-velocity fragment impact, the helmet's maximum backface deformation (BFD) dropped to 14.50 mm, and skull peak stress was 22.7 % lower than the foam pad. Experiments indicated that under 714 m/s fragment impact, peak head pressure was only 25 kPa - far below the foam pad's 165 kPa.</div><div>This study fills the biomechanical data gap of auxetic TPU-LW in ballistic protection. The proposed composite structure provides a theoretical basis and technical solution for upgrading helmet pads from “single-material” to “composite energy-absorbing structure,” applicable to various protective helmet research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibroacoustic detection of inclusions in an elastomeric tissue phantom using a multilayer perceptron classifier: A proof-of-concept study","authors":"Mostafa Sayahkarajy ,&nbsp;Florian Römer ,&nbsp;Hartmut Witte","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate detection of tumor boundaries is critical for the success of oncologic surgical intervention. Traditionally, palpation can handover important information for tumor localization based on the tissue mechanical properties, but in Minimally Invasive Surgery no direct access to the tumor for palpation is feasible. For providing a technical analogy, this feasibility-level study focusses on the simplified problem of detection of an inclusion within a homogeneous silicon phantom. We hypothesized that existence of a relatively stiffer inclusion within an elastomer tissue phantom changes vibroacoustic signatures under forced vibration conditions. In comparison with previous studies, in this work the measurement probe was static, and the short-time (1 s) data package analysis targeted at nearly real-time inclusion detection. The inclusion detection problem was cast into a binary classification of the short-time acquired vibroacoustic signals. The method involves a wavelet-based multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) that is trained in a supervised manner. A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor proximally attached to a solid probe was used to measure the vibroacoustic signals. Phantoms of simulated healthy tissue with stiffer tumor model inclusions were used for experiments and data collection. From the 120 overall number of experiments, 15 % were used as test data to evaluate the performance. The results show inclusion detection F1 score of 75 %, and 77.8 % accuracy related to the confusion matrix, reflecting the model performance on previously unseen data. Performance of the classifier was discussed in terms of various binary classification metrics, and compared with another established classifier, support vector machine (SVM). While the results support the hypothesis of this proof-of-concept study, extensions like improving the electronic system and refining the method with more experiments on biological tissues remain as the future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of infrapatellar fat pad resection on knee joint friction and damping: An in vitro study in New Zealand white rabbits","authors":"Will J. Clayton ,&nbsp;Davis R. Ballard ,&nbsp;Amelia J. Strozier ,&nbsp;Maryam F. Afzali ,&nbsp;Kelly S. Santangelo ,&nbsp;John L. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue located in the anterior knee joint, is hypothesized to absorb shocks and aid in joint lubrication. We investigated the consequences of IFP removal on joint friction and damping in an in vitro animal model. The hindlimbs of female New Zealand white rabbits were dissected to retain the knee ligaments, joint capsule, and patellar retinaculum. Knees were mounted in a pendulum with the knee joint serving as the fulcrum while keeping the quadriceps tendon unloaded to assess joint friction and damping in each knee for three conditions: Control, Sham, and no IFP (IFP-R). Friction and damping were assessed under a 15N tibio-femoral joint load (40 % of body weight) at three flexion angles (50°, 100°, and 130°), and gyroscopic data were recorded to obtain the time decay of amplitude. Two models, a linear friction and an exponential decay friction model, were fit to the amplitude decay over time. The linear model provided Stanton's joint boundary friction coefficient (μ_L); the exponential decay model provided an exponential decay friction (μ_E) and a viscous damping (c) coefficient. When compared across all angles of testing, IFP removal decreased μ_L by 6 % (p = 0.0057) vs Controls (μ_L = 0.0217 vs 0.0230); IFP removal decreased c by 9 % (p &lt; 0.001) vs Controls (c = 0.00262 vs 0.00239 kgm²/s) and by 6 % vs Sham (p = 0.017, c = 0.00255 vs 0.00239 kgm²/s). IFP removal did not affect μ_E (p = 0.12).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex-vivo biomechanical characterization of porcine cava vein","authors":"Eleonora Luzietti ,&nbsp;Martina Schembri ,&nbsp;Ariel F. Pascaner ,&nbsp;Ferdinando Auricchio ,&nbsp;Alessandro Caimi ,&nbsp;Michele Conti","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, percutaneous procedures are gradually replacing open heart surgery for the treatment of tricuspid valve pathological conditions deploying prosthetic devices (<em>i.e., stent</em>-<em>graft)</em> within the proximal portion of the cava veins. Nevertheless, since there is no comprehensive mechanical characterization of the venous district, the devices exploited in these procedures are very similar to the ones exploited in aortic treatment, involving possible critical periprocedural complications.</div><div>According to the international standards adopted for the design of novel vascular devices, this study presents an experimental set-up to investigate the biomechanics of fifteen porcine cava veins with the development of a semi-automatic protocol for compliance testing. During the tests, 2D echo images of the vessel lumen are acquired for different steps within a pressure range of 5–20 mmHg. The acquired pressure-diameter curves of the samples are then derived by a polynomial function, furthermore, the compliance values are obtained using the corresponding equations as well.</div><div>The results demonstrate that the cava vein exhibits a hyperelastic behavior, with a nonlinear relationship between pressure and diameter. At low pressures, the veins demonstrate high compliance and reduced stiffness (11.54 ± 4.76 kPa). On the contrary, when pressures exceed the normal physiological range (<em>i.e.,</em> greater than 10 mmHg), the veins become stiffer (294.70 ± 233.00 kPa).</div><div>The developed set-up, based on an <em>ex-vivo</em> porcine model, proved to be a robust tool for the assessment of vein biomechanics and for preclinical benchmarking of novel venous endovascular devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress distribution and axial force under different filing parameters during root canal preparation: An in vitro FEA and experimental study","authors":"Dianhao Wu ,&nbsp;Zhixian Qiu ,&nbsp;Yanshuang Bai ,&nbsp;Jingchao Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inappropriate rotational and feed speed of the rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) file can cause damage to the root canal wall. Consequently, it is essential to examine the relationships among filing parameters, file stress, and axial force to establish a dependable foundation for the selection of parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A 3D reconstruction of the tooth is executed utilizing CBCT images. The reaming rate of root canal filling is established at 30 % to examine the correlation between Root Canal Preparation (RCP) parameters and damage under critical situations. Utilizing the elastic-plastic model and the Johnson-Cook intrinsic model, the explicit dynamics method of ABAQUS software is employed to simulate the contact stress and axial force at varying feed speeds (1–8 mm/s) and rotational speeds (150–800 rpm). A robotic arm-based filing experimental platform is developed to conduct bionic experiments, which examine the variation of axial filing force with different parameters, and these results are compared with simulation outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased rotational speed and decreased feed speed of the root canal file can diminish the stress and strain on the root canal. The trends and magnitudes of axial force derived from simulation and experiment at varying speeds are comparable (deviation factor = 0.15 %–25.82 %). A rotational speed higher than 350 rpm and a feed speed lower than 6 mm/s are more conducive to stable and safe filing, and the maximum axial force and the maximum stress exhibit a trend analogous.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a basis for the selection of filing parameters for manual and robot-assisted RCP, thereby improving the safety of clinical preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A parametric analysis of interbody fusion cages placement: A finite elements approach comparing lumbar lordosis of bullet and steerable banana cages","authors":"Ibrahim El Bojairami ,&nbsp;Carlo Santaguida ,&nbsp;Salim Al Rawahi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Aoude ,&nbsp;Mark Driscoll","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Improper cage placement during spinal interbody fusion surgeries could lead to numerous post-operative complications. Biomechanical factors of such improper placement may result in loss of lumbar lordosis, foraminal stenosis, subsidence, and altered stress distribution to the tissues adjacent to the cage.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study is to compare three different lumbar interbody cage designs, placed posterior, middle, and anterior, and their biomechanical effect on the aforementioned studied parameter.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Cages and MRI-based lumbar spine models were developed using finite elements. A parametric comparative analysis was then designed to explore cage types, height, and location on lumbar lordosis, foraminal area, cage subsidence, along with normal and shear stresses resulting from each cage configuration under a 500 N compression load.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First, the model was validated in light of published data. Simulated results showed that lumbar lordosis and foraminal area are inversely related. The 6-degrees bullet cage showed the highest gain in lordosis (16.5°), while it exhibited a large loss in foraminal area (34.2 mm²). Anterior placement of banana cages, however, showed the best trade-off, effectively recording a 14.5° lordosis gain, a 0.6 mm² loss in foraminal area, a subsidence as low as 0.27 mm, and a moderate cage stress of 13.6–23.1 MPa.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reported data favors banana cages for the highest lordosis gains without compromising the other explored biomechanical factors. However, it is still advised to thoroughly consider patient-specific factors at hand, possible complications of foraminal stenosis, cage migration, and endplates wear prior to choosing an appropriate cage morphology and placement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable and osteoconductive sodium alginate-gelatin/amorphous magnesium phosphate 3D-printed scaffolds for craniofacial bone regeneration","authors":"Joyce R. de Souza ,&nbsp;Igor P. Mendes Soares ,&nbsp;Caroline Anselmi ,&nbsp;Prabaha Sikder ,&nbsp;Josimeri Hebling ,&nbsp;Alexandre L.S. Borges ,&nbsp;Eliandra S. Trichês ,&nbsp;Marco C. Bottino","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed (1) to develop and characterize 3D-printed hydrogel-based scaffolds composed of sodium alginate and gelatin containing amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP), and (2) to evaluate the scaffolds’ biological response with alveolar bone–derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBMSCs). Hydrogel inks were prepared with sodium alginate, gelatin, calcium chloride, and varying AMP contents (0 %, 5 %, and 10 %). The scaffolds were fabricated using an extrusion-based 3D bioprinter. First, the formulated hydrogel-based inks were characterized for rheological behavior and printability. After printing, the scaffolds were assessed for morphology, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and swelling/degradation profiles. For <em>in vitro</em> cell-scaffold interaction, scaffolds were seeded with aBMSCs and analyzed for cell viability, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression via RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA/Sidak or Tukey tests, with confidence intervals (α = 5 %). Rheological analysis showed that all inks exhibited shear-thinning behavior, more pronounced in AMP-containing formulations. Filament drop tests and printability assessments demonstrated filament uniformity and structural fidelity in AMP-containing inks. Morphological analysis revealed well-defined scaffold architecture with regular edges, and SEM confirmed smooth surface morphology with uniform AMP distribution. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic phosphate and polymer bands, while EDS confirmed the presence of magnesium and phosphorus in AMP-containing scaffolds. The swelling behavior increased over 24 h, and all 3D-printed scaffolds fully degraded within 35 days. All formulations supported increased cell viability over time (p ≤ 0.0092). AMP-containing scaffolds enhanced mineralized matrix deposition under osteogenic stimulation (p &lt; 0.0001), particularly in the 10 % AMP group, and promoted upregulation of osteogenic genes (COL1A1, ALPL, and RUNX2). Clinical significance: This study demonstrated that incorporating AMP into alginate-based hydrogels combines printability, biodegradability, and osteoconductive properties. Previous AMP-containing biomaterials lacked optimization for material extrusion-based 3D printing or the synergistic combination with a gelatin-alginate network. This strategy represents an advance in the field, offering a potential biomaterial ink for the fabrication of personalized scaffolds for craniofacial bone regeneration, enabling synergistic modulation of rheology and early osteogenic stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a universal talus implant during gait: a combined musculoskeletal and finite element modelling approach","authors":"Sami Al Shweiki ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Ferguson ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Hafez ,&nbsp;Naod T. Mogos ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Marwan El-Rich","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Universal talus implant has emerged as an innovative solution for talus bone collapse, aiming to retain the clinical benefits of custom total talus replacement while addressing its logistical drawbacks. A subject-specific combined musculoskeletal–finite element (MSK–FE) modeling framework was developed to evaluate two universal talus implant designs during dynamic gait: a purely cobalt chromium (CoCr) implant, and an implant coated with polycarbonate-urethane (PCU), both compared to the native talus. To do so, a MSK simulation of the stance phase of gait was conducted to estimate joint kinematics and joint reaction forces in the ankle complex, with a subsequent dynamic FE simulation performed to assess contact characteristics in terms of contact area and pressure, in cartilages surrounding the talus/implant. The FE model was built directly from the bone geometries of the MSK model to ensure consistency across the study. Results showed that the PCU-coated implant more closely replicated native biomechanics, while the CoCr implant produced consistently higher pressures and smaller contact regions. Normalized RMSE across gait confirmed lower deviation from the native case for the PCU-implant in most joints. These findings highlight the potential of PCU coated implants in improving contact mechanics in articular cartilage as well as the potential of the universal implant topology. This is the first study to dynamically evaluate intra-articular behaviour in all joints surrounding the talus bone during gait, and particularly by analysing the performance of universal talus implants, demonstrating the utility of a MSK-FE approach and offering valuable insights into implant performance under physiological conditions, informing future implant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative and positive Poynting effects in tendon under simple shear","authors":"C.S. Moreira ,&nbsp;F.S. Araújo ,&nbsp;L.C.S. Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shear load transfer is crucial for the redistribution of internal tendon loads and to prevent excessive local stress that can lead to severe damage and injury. To better understand this transfer mechanism, it is important to know the stress state. The aim of the present study is to investigate the normal and shear stresses in tendons sheared with the shear force applied parallel to the fascicles and collagen fibers. A key novelty of the paper is the simultaneous measurement of normal and shear forces, as well as the amount of shear of tendon samples under simple shear. For the sake of simplicity, a more straightforward model is employed to describe the normal and shear behavior of tendons. Expressions were simultaneously fitted to the measured normal and shear stresses. The results reveal that the shear behavior did not exhibit any evidence of strain-stiffening, because the shear stress was approximately proportional to the amount of shear. However, compressive and tensile normal stresses, or positive and negative Poynting effects, respectively, were observed in different samples. Each tendon specimen was sheared along the orientation of the longitudinal fascicles and collagen fibers, which were maintained by random fiber networks associated with connective tissue and cross-link structures. Compressive normal stress indicates that random fiber networks did not influence the behavior or were not significant in a certain range, whereas random fiber networks contribution was more pronounced in the case of tensile normal stress. These findings suggest that the effects of random fiber networks, which can manifest over different length scales, play an important role in the state of normal stress in tendons under simple shear. Understanding how random fiber networks influence tendon mechanics could lead to better treatments for tendon injuries and help design biomimetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of porous 3D-printed polycaprolactone: Experimental and numerical study","authors":"Mohammad Hadi Yazdanpanah ,&nbsp;Sadegh Rahmati ,&nbsp;Shahrouz Yousefzadeh ,&nbsp;Javad Akbari ,&nbsp;Hormoz Nouraei","doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a systematic investigation into the porosity–strength relationships of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) to develop predictive models for the tensile behavior of porous structures intended for biomedical applications. The research investigates the impact of void geometry and porosity levels on the mechanical response under uniaxial tensile loading, utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to elucidate stress distribution, plastic deformation, and fracture mechanisms. Three void geometries—circular, square, and triangular—were analyzed across porosity levels ranging from 6 % to 30 %. Circular voids demonstrated superior stress uniformity and deformation homogeneity, while square and triangular voids exhibited localized stress concentrations and earlier onset of plasticity. Increasing porosity resulted in a marked reduction in yield stress, with maximum decreases of 24 % in square voids, 23 % in triangular voids, and 15 % in circular voids. SEM analysis revealed manufacturing defects that significantly influenced deformation behavior. The adopted Elastic-Plastic numerical model showed strong agreement with experimental observations in <u>terms of yielding force and ultimate force, presenting an error of less than 10 %</u>. A statistical model was developed, achieving R-squared values exceeding 0.95, which enabled the reliable estimation of tensile properties within the studied porosity range. These findings offer critical insights into the mechanical optimization of porous PCL scaffolds, providing a robust framework for future design strategies in biomedical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 107216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}