Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care.","authors":"Victor Owoyele, Gbonjubola Oyinlola Ogungbangbe, Jesutobiloba Oluwasami, Patrick Oluwole Abolarin, Maryam Tayo Ayinla","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.1","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a leading role in transmuting the field of healthcare. Numerous aspects of AI have been incorporated into the healthcare delivery system. For instance, in disease diagnosis, the practice of personalised treatment plans and precision medicine are AI-dependent. This review gives a widespread role of AI in healthcare, with a focus on applications, and challenges. Deep brain stimulation, statistical analysis, machine learning, and deep learning are a few examples of AI-powered technologies that have contributed immensely to biomedical research and medical imaging advancement. Moreover, AI algorithms are pivotal in genomics research, easing the identification of genetic markers related to disease vulnerability and treatment reaction, thereby aiding the practice of precision medicine. Apart from diagnosis and treatment strategies, AI assists in healthcare management and resource optimization, along with the discovery and therapy of drugs. Forecasting of disease outbreaks, effective allocation of hospital resources, and management of patient traffic rely mostly on predictive analytics driven by AI. Again, AI-powered virtual health assistance, telemedicine has aided patient appointments and support, giving real-time support and health recommendations. Although AI algorithms provide outstanding breakthroughs in healthcare, AI adoption is cumbered by numerous dares such as monetary concerns, regulatory hurdles, data privacy fears, and ethical considerations associated with AI applications, such as algorithm bias and transparency. Futuristically, AI application in healthcare holds vast potential, such as early disease detection, drug discovery, and optimization of treatment. Concerted efforts targeted at tackling the prevailing challenges and creating holistic control would be important to tie together the full potential of AI in rejuvenating the healthcare delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Acetabular Dysplasia and its Associated Factors: Major Determinants of Hip Function.","authors":"Samuel Efanga","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.3","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hip joint bears a considerable proportion of the human weight and the ability to efficiently perform its plethora of functions depends on the status of the acetabulum. Morphological alteration of the acetabulum results in acetabular dysplasia which adversely affects the hip joint. The objectives of this study were to determine acetabular morphology, factors that are associated with acetabular dysplasia which compromise hip joint functions and the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia in apparently healthy adults in Calabar. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Radiology department of the University of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria over a 5-months period and involved 100 apparently healthy subjects. Pelvic radiographs were conducted for all the subjects and afterwards center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp evaluations were done on all the images on a direct digital radiography viewer. Chi square, T-test and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. Mean center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were 27.41 ± 0.730 (SEM) and 39.00±0.860 (SEM) respectively. Center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were significantly associated with age (P=0.000 & P=0.000), marital status (P=0.002 & P=0.000) and employment status (P=0.001 & P=0.002). BMI was only significantly associated with center edge angle of Wiberg (P=0.004). Abnormal center edge angle of Wiberg and acetabular angle of Sharp were mostly seen in individuals below 40 years (64% & 88%, respectively), married (65% & 63%, respectively) and employed (75% & 53%, respectively). Most of the individuals with BMI above 25 had abnormal center edge angle of Wiberg (62%). Mean BMI in males was significantly greater than that of females (P=0.000). Acetabular dysplasia was noted in 4 males (4%). It is concluded that the center edge angle of Wiberg and the acetabular angle of Sharp in our population are similar to the values in some European and Asian populations, and the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is 4% in this locality. Being a male that is married, employed, overweight and below 40 years are significantly associated with acetabular dysplasia and by implication are determinants of hip joint function.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Effects of Carbohydrate-, Protein- And Fat-Rich Diets on Healing of Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats.","authors":"Uwaifoh Akpamu, Adeola T Salami, Olugbenga A Odukanmi, Samuel B Olaleye","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.5","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we compared the ulcer healing effect of carbohydrate-, protein- and fat-rich diets on acetic acid-induced ulcers in young and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (40 each at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18 months old) were grouped into four to receive basal diet (control), carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-rich diets for 21 days before acetic acid-induced gastric injury. After this, the various feedings continued for 3- and 7 days. Planimetry was used for the ulcer healing study. We estimated the redox status, pepsin, mucin, and nitric oxide activities by UV/Vis-spectrophotometer while the Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor (EGF-R) was by immunohistochemistry. Data was analyzed (two-way ANOVA) and was considered significant at p≤0.05. Percentage ulcer healing by day 7 relative to day 3 decreased with advancing age in other diets but increased in the aged rats fed a protein-rich diet. Gastric carbonyl, Malondehyde, and pepsin activities increased significantly with age, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, mucin, Nitric-oxide and EGF-R expression significantly decreased with age. Protein-rich diets modulated the age-related alterations. These findings suggest that a protein-rich diet facilitates the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric injury by enhancing gastroprotective activity to favour EGF-R expression in the ulcerated stomach.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The types and utilization of galactagogues in Nigeria: a case study of people residing in Lagos State.","authors":"Oluwakemi Oyelowo, Abdullahi Adejare, Cynthia Dieobi, Oyinkansola Ajulo","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.2","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the factors characterizing suboptimal breastfeeding is insufficient human milk production. In most African settings, special food items are regularly used to promote human milk production. These food items, called galactagogues, are used in Nigeria, but their use is undocumented and their amount of intake among lactating mothers is unknown. This study aimed to document the galactagogue consumption habits and describe the food items used by some lactating mothers in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 mothers who breastfed exclusively in Lagos Nigeria. A pretested, self-reported administered questionnaire was used. All data were coded in a computer program file (STATA, statistical software, version 15.0). The most reported galactagogue was pap (80.8%). Others were tea (46.0%), milk (19.1%), and amala (9.5%). Information concerning galactagogues was mainly from the participants' mothers (35.9%), while media/ internet had little influence (4.2%). Galactagogues are common in Nigeria, and they signify an important part of the nutrition of lactating mothers. These results could contribute to the knowledge of breastfeeding activities in Nigeria and encourage further research to produce robust facts about galactagogues' safety and scientific efficacy to support evidence-based approaches and advance breastfeeding concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats.","authors":"Ogadinma Ilochi, Arthur N Chuemere","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.14","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the neurologic effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in wistar rats. Thirty male wistar rats were grouped accordingly; Group A: control, Group B-F: CdCl2 0.3ml; H. sabdariffa 1.5ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 1.0ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 1.5ml; CdCl2 + H. sabdariffa 2ml, respectively. Gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and mineral analysis of H. sabdariffa was done to reveal the bioactive agents in the plant sample. Oxidative stress, muscle function markers and plasma electrolytes were assayed. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, phytate, anthraquinone and flavonoids. The mineral analysis revealed predominantly, Mn, Ca, K and Fe. The biochemical results were in comparison with control and statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. There was an increase in SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and GPx in groups C-F, MDA decreased in group C, E and F while PC decreased in group C and F. There was a decrease in plasma creatine kinase in groups C to F and increase in AChE in group C. Ca and K levels had no significant change (P<0.05). Nitric oxide level had no significant change in group C, E and F, but increased in group D. This study demonstrated that H. sabdariffa has the potential to ameliorate the neurotoxicity caused by CdCl2 in wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Consumption of Cooked Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Serotonin Precursor Diets on Scopolamine-Impaired Memory and Motor Co-ordination in Mice.","authors":"Johnbull Uket, F B Nyor, Eme E Osim","doi":"10.54548/","DOIUrl":"10.54548/","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (memory impairment disorder) and motor co-ordination disorders are on the increase worldwide. 5-Hydroxytryphamine (serotonin) is involved in short term memory and motor co-ordination (Buhot et al., 2000., Cabaj et al., 2017).  Whether beans that contain serotonin precursor (tryptophan) can ameliorate memory and motor co-ordination impairment has not been previously ascertained. Therefore, this research was to study the effects of consumption of cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and serotonin precursor diets on scopolamine-impaired memory and motor co-ordination in mice. Sixty mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (10 mice per group) namely; Control, Scopolamine only, Scopolamine with 50% cooked beans diet, Scopolamine with serotonin precursor diet, 50% cooked beans diet only and serotonin precursor diet only. Preliminary studies on phytochemical analyses were done before learning/memory and motor co-ordination were also studied. Standard methods were used to study learning/memory and motor coordination. The results showed that preliminary phytochemical screening of cooked beans indicated the presence of tryptophan, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols (antioxidants). Learning was impaired in Scopolamine only group compared to control and other test groups (p<0.05). Memory was also impaired in scopolamine only group compared to all other experimental groups (p<0.05). Motor co-ordination was also impaired in scopolamine only group compared to all other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, consumption of beans and serotonin precursor diets improved memory and motor coordination in scopolamine impaired memory and motor co-ordination in mice. The memory and motor co-ordination enhancement observed may be attributed to serotonin synthesized from tryptophan in beans.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological and biochemical changes in arsenic trioxide-induced toxicity in Wistar rats treated with methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf.","authors":"Oore-Oluwapo Daramola, Wahab Adekunle Oyeyemi Oyeyemi, Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola Akinola, Yinusa Raji Raji","doi":"10.54548/","DOIUrl":"10.54548/","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical composition and protective effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf (MEPL) in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and LD50 were determined. Forty male Wistar rats were grouped into eight and orally treated for 54 days as follows: Group 1 (10% tween 80), Group 2 (3 mg/kg As2O3) Groups 3, 4 and 5 (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg MEPL) and groups 6, 7 and 8, (250 mg/kg+As2O3, 500 mg/kg+As2O3 and 1000 mg/kg+As2O3). The animals were sacrificed on day 55 under anaesthesia. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for heamatological studies. Liver concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Liver histology was also assessed. Flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, saponin, and anthraquinone were present in MEPL, also, MEPL scavenged 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS+). The IC50 of MEPL required to chelate metal was also low. The GC-MS revealed the presence of 24 essential oil. The LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg. Packed cell volume and red blood cell count were significantly reduced in 1000 mg/kg MEPL group, white blood cell count and SOD activity reduced (P<0.05) in 3 mg/kg As2O3 when compared with control but increased in groups co-treated with As2O3 and 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg + As2O3. MDA concentration, AST, ALT and ALP activities increased significantly in 3 mg/kg As2O3 group but decreased (P<0.05) in groups co-treated with As2O3 and 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg. The methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaf in male Wistar rats has antioxidant, hepatoprotective and white blood cell protective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Talinum Triangulare on the Microanatomy of the Hippocampus and Short-Term Memory of Scopolamine Hydrobromide-Induced Alzheimer's Type Cognitive Dysfunction Rats.","authors":"Eru Mba, Gabriel U Udo-Affah, I F Bassey, K C Uruakpa, S O Paulinus, M E Oku, N M Umoh, S E Anani, A O Agiri","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.13","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed at elucidating the potency of aqueous extract of Talinum triangulare on the hippocampal neurons, astrocytes as well as assessing short term memory of scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type rats. Fifty-four Wistar rats (180-200g) were used for the study; thirty experimental rats were randomly grouped into five, each containing six rats designated A, B, C, D and E while twenty-four rats were used to establish 50% lethal dose (LD50). Alzheimer's type cognitive dysfunction was intraperitoneally (ip) induced with scopolamine hydrobromide (1mg/kg, ip) for seven days in groups B-E prior to the oral administration of the aqueous extract (875 and 1750mg/kg) and donepezil (1mg/kg), followed by the novel object recognition test, histological and GFAP staining processes. Results revealed atrophied pyramidal cells, hyperchromatic, numerous glial cells with pale cytoplasmic inclusions and astrogliosis in groups B, C, and E while group D showed ameliorative potentials compared to group A. Also, short term memory was significantly higher in group D compared to groups B, C and E. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Talinium triangulare leaves reduced the potentials of scopolamine hydrobromide by restoring abnormal neurons, hence, enhancing cognitive memory in the rats used in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sixty Minutes Post-Exercise Evaluation of Cardiovascular Responses in Normotensive Students of the University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeast Nigeria.","authors":"Habiba A Chiroma, Nicholas A Ojo, Umar K Sandabe, Abdulwasiu Abubakar, Ahmed A Habeeb, Hamza A Salami","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.9","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was aimed at providing a pattern of blood pressure decrease after an acute bout of exercise in normotensive subjects. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 138 apparently normotensive subjects (83 males and 55 females; age range 18-30 years), and the mean age was 22.28±0.52 and 19.84±0.28 in males and females, respectively. All participants were indigenes and undergraduate students of the University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The mean BMI was 23.29±3.80 kg/m and 19.07±2.42 kg/m in males and females, respectively. The mean resting SBP (118.65±1.52 and 105.6±2.14 in males and females, respectively), DBP (74.44±1.48 mmHg and 70.04±1.42 mmHg in males and females, respectively), and HR (83.92±2.63 bpm and 87.00±2.76 bpm in males and females, respectively) were recorded on their arrival. The mean SBP (145.28±2.67 mmHg and 123.64±1.97 mmHg in males and females, respectively), DBP (82.68±1.70 mmHg and 75.84±1.36 mmHg in males and females, respectively), and HR (112.96±3.08 bpm and 127.44±4.01 bpm in males and females, respectively) were recorded at 10 minutes of exercise. The study observed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) BMI in males than in females. Though BMI was positively associated with SBP at the end of 60 minutes into the recovery in males, the HR was negatively associated with BMI in females at 60 minutes into the exercise recovery. Meanwhile, such association was not seen in other parameters. The mean SBP, DBP, & HR at 10 minutes of exercise were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the resting state in both males and females. The decrease in the mean SBP, DBP, & HR after exercise was plotted against time for 60 minutes into the exercise recovery. A positive percentage change of SBP (22.56% and 17.18% in males and females, respectively), DBP (11.04% and 8.66% in males and females, respectively) and HR (34.41% and 45.37% in males and females, respectively) was seen at 10 minutes of exercise. A curvilinear pattern of SBP, DBP, and HR decline was observed at the end of 60 minutes. At the 3rd minute, the SBP in both males and females was already on baseline; DBP in males was slightly above baseline with a 2% positive change, while SBP in females was slightly below baseline. The SBP of male and female participants after the 3rd minute fell below baseline and remained persistently negative till the end of 60 minutes, with the female curve being far away from the baseline compared to male. The DBP in both males and females was on the baseline at the 14th and 15th minutes, respectively; the curve fell below baseline and remained persistent, but very close to the baseline. The curvilinear pattern of HR in both males and females showed a positive percentage but was above the baseline in both males and females. The study concluded that a typical curvilinear pattern of SBP crossed the baseline at the 3rd minute in both males and females, the magnitude of which is higher in females than in males; the DBP crosse","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential and Influence of Neem Oil Extract on Biochemical Indices of Toxicity Following Sub-Acute Administration in Rats.","authors":"Bartholomew Brai, Busayo Amosun, Titilopemi Komolafe, Ruth Joseph, Kayode Komolafe","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.10","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a popular medicinal plant widely sought for its antipyretic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties, among others.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cold-pressed oil from neem seed (NOil) and its cyclohexane-methanol extract (NOHM) were evaluated for their effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in vitro. Also, NOil (75, 150, and 200 mg/kg) and NOHM (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) were orally administered to normal experimental rats for 30 days, following which the lipid profile, antioxidant status, and serum and tissue indices of hepatic, renal, and cardiac damage were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NOHM caused significantly higher (p<0.05) α-glucosidase inhibition than NOil. Respectively, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of NOil (IC50 = 4.88 ± 0.38 µg/mL and 74.54 ± 25.26 µg/mL) and NOHM (5.00 ± 0.22 µg/mL and 14.17 ± 5.14 µg/mL) were superior to that of acarbose (9.67 ± 0.09 µg/mL and >150 µg/mL). NOHM produced a stronger hypoglycemic effect than NOil. However, no biochemical alteration of toxicological importance was caused by either following subacute administration to animals as the organ-body weight ratio and serum and tissue indicators of organ damage were not adversely altered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings support the safety of NOil and NOHM at the evaluated dosages. The effect of both oil and extract on key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes could partly explain the biochemical rationale underlying the popular ethnomedicinal application of the seed in diabetic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}