Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The effect of long-term consumption of calabash chalk on peptic ulcer scores in albino Wistar rats.","authors":"Atim Okpo-Ene, Emed Osim, Agonna Obembe","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.11","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of long-term consumption of calabash chalk on ulcer scores in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) male adult Albino Wistar rats weighing between 160g - 180g were used for the experiment. The rats were randomly divided into ten (10) groups of 5 rats each consisting of five (5) control and five (5) test rats. Group 1 was the control group and was administered 1ml of distilled water daily while group 2 was the test group and was administered 1ml of calabash chalk suspension orally daily. They were allowed food and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 28 days, thereafter, basal gastric acid secretion, gastric pepsin secretion, gastric pH, gastric mucous output, and gastric ulcer scores were measured. The mean basal gastric acid secretion for the control and the test group was 0.58 ± 0.22 and 0.61 ± 0.37uMol/10min respectively. The result showed that the mean basal gastric acid secretion was not significantly higher in the test group when compared with the control group. The mean gastric pepsin secretion for the control and the test group was 0.46 ± 0.02 and 0.57 ± 0.02mg/100ml respectively. The results showed that the mean gastric pepsin secretion in the test group was significantly higher (P<0.01) when compared with the control group. The mean gastric pH for the control and the test group was 4.10 ± 0.37 and 2.94 ± 0.14 respectively. The pH of the test group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with that of the control group. The mean gastric mucous output in the control and the test group was 0.14 ± 0.014g and 0.08 ± 0.01g respectively. The results showed that the gastric mucous output in the test group was significantly reduced (p<0.01) when compared with the control group. The mean gastric ulcer score in the control and the test group was 3.70 ± 0.30 and 7.50 ± 1.25 respectively. The results showed that the ulcer score in the test group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. In conclusion, the long-term consumption of calabash chalk predisposed to peptic ulceration in Albino Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Serum Resistin and Insulin Resistance among Obese Non-Diabetic Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"F M Agbaraolorunpo, Ademola Lafenwa, Basil Bruno, E C Azinge","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.4","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is paucity of information on the relationship between resistin and cardiometabolic outcome among non-diabetic obese in Africa, especially Nigeria with a growing prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular events. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between serum resistin and insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese patients. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 100 non-diabetic obese and 100 non-obese Nigerians. Participants waist circumference, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio were measured alongside fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, remnant cholesterol and blood pressure. Serum resistin and insulin were determined with ELISA technique. Insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Data was analyzed with Manny-Whitney test to compares the median of the observation between the two groups and chi-square for association test.  Although FBG, serum insulin level and HOMA-insulin resistance (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the obese group, ditto for total cholesterol, LDL and remnant cholesterol, blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand (MOD). However, circulatory resistin level in  the obese group 1.63 (1.45-1.74)  was comparable with the non-obese groups  1.63(1.52-1.70), and there was no correlation between  resistin and insulin resistance and any anthropometrics indices Conclusion: Put together, resistin may not be a constant factor in the development of insulin resistance or obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in some obese subsets, hence the need to explore other potential adiponectin factors contributing to cardiometabolic outcomes in non-diabetic obese individuals in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Interplay between Dyslipidemia and Bone-Related Markers in Postmenopausal Women.","authors":"Adedeji David Atere","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.6","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relationship between bone-related markers and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women in Owo metropolitan, recognizing the critical role of lipids in physiological functions and the heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases with menopause-induced lipid metabolism changes. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled, including 60 postmenopausal (PMP) women, 20 premenopausal (PRM) women, and 20 reproductive women aged (RWA). Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters using standard laboratory procedures. Statistical analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and LDL-C in both PMP and PRM subjects compared to the RWA (p<0.05). In contrast, ALP, inorganic phosphate, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in PMP and PRM subjects, while FBS, calcium, and vitamin D levels were lower (p<0.05). Furthermore, inorganic phosphate had a strong positive association with TC, TG, and LDL-C among PMP women. These data emphasize the considerable difference in lipid profiles between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, as well as the higher prevalence of dyslipidemia after menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastroprotective biochemicals in Wistar rats orally exposed to Bisphenol A and co-treated with either Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds or its biflavonoid, Kolaviron.","authors":"Abayomi O Ige","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.8","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated gastroprotective biochemicals in Wistar rats exposed to both Bisphenol A and either Garcinia kola or its biflavonoid, kolaviron. Fifty-six rats (140-160g) divided into 7 groups (n=8), and treated orally for 28 days as follows; Group I was the control (distilled water, 1.5mL/kg) while group II (vehicle control) received corn oil (1.5mL/kg), groups III-V were exposed to BPA (50mg/kg) only and treated with distilled water (1.5mL/kg), Garcinia kola (200mg/kg) and kolaviron (200mg/kg), respectively. Animals in groups VI and VII received Garcinia kola (200mg/kg) and kolaviron (200mg/kg) only, respectively. Thereafter and under anaesthesia, the stomach was dissected out, estimated for mucin (n=3), homogenized (n=5), centrifuged, and the clear supernatant obtained was analyzed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, nitrites, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, respectively.Gastroprotective biochemicals were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in animals exposed to BPA while values in animals exposed both BPA and either Garcinia kola or kolaviron were elevated. Exposure to Garcinia kola and kolaviron alone also showed a potentiation of gastric antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study shows that Garcinia kola and especially its biflavonoid, kolaviron, protects the gastric mucosa against Bisphenol A induced impairment by potentiating gastroprotective biochemicals in male Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Examination and Comparison of Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Male Reproductive Health Using Wistar Rat Model.","authors":"Ikponmwosa Aikpitanyi, Onyiye Cynthia Okeke, Freedom Festus Ogbara, Eliozabeth Alaere Ayunku, Samuel Monday Nweke, Melvin Iyamu, Havard Asuama Amaku","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.7","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sucrose and saccharin are prevalent sweeteners in today's diet, playing crucial roles in global food and beverage consumption. The intake of sucrose, a natural sweetener, alongside saccharin, an artificial alternative, has raised various health concerns related to their effects on reproductive health. This study specifically focuses on how these sweeteners influence male reproductive parameters, including sperm quality, hormonal levels (such as Follicle Stimulating Hormone {FSH}, Luteinizing Hormone {LH}, and Testosterone), reproductive gene expressions, as well as the functionality of reproductive organs, utilizing animal models (in vivo). By conducting a thorough review of existing literature and experimental studies, this project seeks to assess whether exposure to sucrose and saccharin poses risks to male reproductive functions, while also identifying the mechanisms through which these substances impact male reproductive health. The investigation centers on the effects of sucrose and saccharin on reproductive function in male Wistar rats. Thirty male albino Wistar rats, each weighing between 180-200 grams, were randomly assigned to three groups: Group One served as the control, Group Two received sucrose (100 mg/kg), and Group Three was administered saccharin (5 mg/kg). The findings indicated that levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) significantly decreased in the sucrose and saccharin groups compared to the control group. Additionally, the testicular antioxidant Malondialdehyde levels increased relative to the control, while Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase levels were significantly decreased. Furthermore, sperm profile-including sperm count, motility, and viability-showed significant alterations when compared to the control group. These results suggest that both sucrose and saccharin can negatively impact reproductive function by diminishing testicular antioxidant activity, altering sperm characteristics (count, motility, and viability), and inhibiting StAR, ultimately leading to testicular damage. Keywords: Sucrose, Saccharin, Sweeteners, Hormonal levels, Sperm quality. Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the subcortical white matter and the pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of juvenile hydrocephalic rats.","authors":"Omowumi Femi-Akinlosotu, Funmilayo Olopade, Chukwuemeka Okoye, Temitayo Shokunbi","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.14","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrocephalus, the aberrant enlargement of the brain's ventricles, is caused by a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid that stretches the periventricular white matter and may disrupt the connections between the pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex. Using an intra-cisternal kaolin injection hydrocephalic rat model, we aimed to determine if the effects of hydrocephalus on the white matter will subsequently impact the dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, which are the synaptic sites for the white matter fibres, particularly the afferent fibres. Three-week-old hydrocephalic rats were compared with controls after 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Dendritic arborisations of the pyramidal neurons were evaluated using a modified Golgi stain. Haematoxylin and Eosin, and Cresyl violet stains were used to measure cortical thickness and pyramidal neuronal count. The hydrocephalic rats' cerebral cortex and corpus callosum were thinner (p<0.0001) than the controls. Rats with hydrocephalus had a similar pyramidal neuron count to the controls, with no significant decline. After two weeks of hydrocephalic induction, the pyramidal neurons' dendritic branching changed due to basal dendritic reduction and denudation. Reduced thickness in the corpus callosum and sensorimotor cortex was observed in the hydrocephalus animals. The pyramidal cell population remained unaffected, but the basal dendrites of the cells were substantially weakened. Ventricular enlargements during the juvenile developmental stage may harm dendritic arborization, which could obstruct neurological maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of immune-metabolic studies and re-purposed treatments of Nigerian COVID-19 patients: A pointer to mild, gender- and age-based status of admitted patients.","authors":"Ganiyu Arinola, Adekunle A Onifade, K Adigun, M B Oshingbesan","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.2","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When Severe Acute Respiratory human Coronavirus 2 (SARS-hCOV 2) infection began in December 2019, detailed knowledge about the virus was lacking. This included non-availability of anti-viral treatment or vaccine, no knowledge of virus-human interaction, and lack of prognostic factors for stages of illness among others. A publication in Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (2020). 35: 20-25 titled \"Immune Responses During Human Coronavirus Infection: Suggestions For Future Studies\" adduced investigations into immune parameters of COVID-19 patients so as to throw more light on the immunopathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection, in order to create avenue for the development of vaccines or herd immunity. This present publication is a review of studies carried out on COVID-19 patients in one Infectious Diseases Center (I.D.C), Ibadan, Nigeria as a response to the gaps in knowledge raised in above mentioned publication. Cummulatively, immune-metabolic studies from this IDC revealed mild, age- and sex-dependent status of COVID-19 in patients admitted into this center. Thus, explaining the basis for the effectiveness of adopted re-purposed drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, zinc, vitamins C and D and or antibiotics), physiotherapy and nutritional support used for the management of admitted COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper vindicated that inflammation was heightened during SARS-CoV 2 infection; therefore therapeutic interventions to control the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, antibodies against structural and non-structural proteins or blocks receptor sites were proposed. In addition, development of herd immunity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (Astrazeneca and Moderna) were elucidated in general population. However, study to determine host genetic factors in hCoV infection was lacking. This review concluded that interdisciplinary collaborative approach will be useful in the management of future emerging or re-emerging infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius on fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester.","authors":"Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, O S Ajani, J T Faturoti, A G Adewoyin, Tola Felicia Ajani, O O Esan, A A Oyagbemi, T O Omobowale, A A Adedapo, O G Ohore, M O Oyeyemi, A O T Ashafa, Momoh A Yakubu","doi":"10.54548/","DOIUrl":"10.54548/","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to investigate the modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (SL) on the fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups A-E. The rats in group A (Control) were administered with distilled water while Groups B-E received L-NAME at 40 mg/kg, Groups  C, D, were co-administered SL at dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, and group E was co-administered with Captopril 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. L-NAME caused a significant increase in blood pressure (mmHg) with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (159.08±2.89), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (114.67±3.83) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (120.90±4.65) values when compared with their respective control of (115.00±2.81, 80.91±2.76 and 91.9±2.68) in Group B. The high blood pressure was however lowered im groups co-administered with SL and Captopril. Higher morphological alterations of sperm cells were observed in hypertensive rats and hypertensive rats medicated with captopril in this study, It was noticed that the right testicular weight and right testicular length in group C were affected significantly when compared to the left testicular parameter in groups A and B. Semen characteristics showed a decrease in sperm motility and livability in hypertensive rats group compared to the control and extract treated groups. This decrease fell below acceptable 60 % minimum sperm motility recommended for breeding animals and percentage of the abnormal sperm cell in group B is higher than 20% maximum acceptable limit in normal breeding animals.  Hypertension altered the reproductive indices in rats used for this study and could result in infertility but ethanol extract of S. latifolius ameliorated the reproductive organ damage in hypertensive rats. Keywords: Hypertension, Infertility, rats, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"305-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Vitamin D Level on Blood Glucose, HbA1c and Some Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Nisreen Ali, Nouralsalhin Alaagib, Abdalla Abdelatif, Osama Ali, Walli Elmagbol, Sameer Alhojaily, Ibrahim Albokhadaim, Saad Shousha, Ahmed Alameen","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.5","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes problems are more likely to occur in people with low vitamin D levels. In this study, Sudanese individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had their serum glucose, HbA1c, vitamin D, and inflammatory markers assessed. Thirty men and thirty women who had been diagnosed with T2DM for at least two years were among the 120 participants of both sexes, ages 35 to 69, who were enrolled in this case-control study. As a control group, the second group consisted of sixty healthy individuals (30 men and 30 women). Every participant had a thorough medical history taken, with special attention to the length of their diabetes, its medical history, and any previous problems. During the clinical examination and laboratory tests, the following criteria were evaluated: total WBC, ESR, CRP, HbA1c, and serum vitamin D3. When 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels were utilized to assess T2DM patients, they showed significantly lower mean blood concentrations than controls: 23 (38.3%) had vitamin D insufficiency, 23 (38.3%) had vitamin D deficiency, and 14 (23.3%) had sufficient vitamin D. Vitamin D-deficient patients had significant increases in HbA1c, glucose, CRP, and total WBC. Additionally, when comparing the mean ESR values of diabetes patients to those of the control group, there is a statistically significant rise. ESR did not significantly alter depending on the controlling level. Males also had a numerically higher level of vitamin D3 than females. Compared to healthy normal controls, individuals with type 2 diabetes have noticeably reduced vitamin D3 levels. Furthermore, in T2DM patients, there was a connection between elevated inflammatory markers and HbA1c and insufficiency in vitamin D.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carvedilol and clomiphene combination therapy alleviates inflammation and redox imbalance in experimental PCOS: role of Nrf2/HMOX-1 and NfkB signaling.","authors":"Ajibare Johnson Ayodeji, Adeyemi Odetayo, Olabode Oluwadare Akintoye, Adeola Isaac Oriyomi, Sope Tope Orugun, Afsat Motunrayo Busari, Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.12","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, irregular menstrual cycle, and small cysts on the ovaries. This condition can be morphological or biochemical (elevated testosterone). Elevated testosterone (hyperandrogenemia) is the hallmark of PCOS, which can inhibit follicular development, anovulation, or cause irregular menstrual changes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for PCOS, and available treatment options are restricted to mitigating its symptoms. This study was, however, designed to investigate the synergistic effect of clomiphene (CLO) and carvedilol (CAL) on PCOS-induced female infertility. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (n= 6/group) control, PCOS, PCOS+ CLO, PCOS+CAL, and PCOS+ CLO+CAL. The administration was once daily via the oral route and lasted for 15 days. Clomiphene and carvedilol synergistically ameliorated PCOS-induced elevated serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin, and decreased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and progesterone. This was accompanied by the downregulation of PCOS-induced overexpression of ovarian LH, androgen, and FSH receptors. It was also accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory markers such as ovarian interleukin 1 beta and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and apoptosis markers such as ovarian caspase 3 and an increase in ovarian Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO 1 or HMO-1), catalase and glutathione reductase. This study shows that carvedilol and clomiphene combination therapy alleviates inflammation and redox imbalance in experimental PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}