Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Therapeutic Effect of Single/Combined Administration of Saxagliptin, Metformin and Intranasal Insulin on Dexamethasone Induced Insulin Resistance in Albino Wistar Rat Model","authors":"Jephtah Oche, Olufunke Olorundare, Saheed Afolabi, Mary Ologe, Anoka Njan, Olatunde Akanbi","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids have therapeutic benefits in the management of several inflammatory and immunological disorders. Despite these medicinal effects, they have the drawback of causing metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance etc., which is known to be a key indicator of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a major predisposing factor to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to compare and evaluate the effects of saxagliptin, metformin and intranasal insulin (when used singly or in combination) on dexamethasone induced insulin resistance. Fifty-six female rats were randomly assigned into eight groups. Group 1 represented the control; Group 2 was administered with dexamethasone (1mg/kg) (untreated); Group 3 received dexamethasone + intranasal insulin (2IU); Group 4 received dexamethasone + intranasal insulin + metformin (40mg/kg); Group 5; received dexamethasone + intranasal + saxagliptin (8mg/kg); Group 6 received dexamethasone + metformin (40mg/kg); Group 7 received dexamethasone + saxagliptin (8mg/kg); Group 8 received dexamethasone + saxagliptin(8mg/kg) + metformin(40mg/kg). Treatments were given for one week. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays and pancreas excised for histological examination. Dexamethasone (1mg/kg) induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and disrupted the structural integrity of the pancreas. Treatment with saxagliptin, metformin and their combination significantly decreased blood glucose level, decreased LDL Level and improved glucose tolerance. The selected hypoglycemic agents used in present study ameliorate the dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of which the combination of metformin with saxagliptin showed greater efficacy.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictability of Metabolic Risk factors from hand and foot anthropometry in Hausa ethnic population of Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Asuku A. Yusuf","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"articular ethnic/racial group. Adiposity measures are employed to screen MRF by clinicians. The ratio of the second to fourth digit of the hand (2D:4D) has been shown to be a tight correlate of MRF. Attempts to predict MRF from hand anthropometry is relatively a new idea. The present study aims to predict MRF from digit and body anthropometry. The study recruited 266 males and 199 females of Hausa origin. Systematic random sampling was employed. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were obtained using standard techniques. Regression analysis was used to predict MRF, SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analyses and P < 0.05 was set as level of significance. MRF (serum glucose, total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure (BP) were predictable from 2D:4D and body anthropometric measures. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the most consistent MRF predictor. In males, WHR alone predicted TC (R2 = 0.67 and P<0.0001), HDL-C (R2 =0.68 and P <0.0001), LDL-C (R2 = 0.67 and P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [R2 =0.43 and P <0.001)]. The right 2D:4D contributed slightly to the prediction of SBP and FBG increasing the R2 value to 0.62from 0.6 for FBG and from 0.6 to 0.64 for SBPKeywords: Body anthropometry, Digit anthropometry, Metabolic risk, Predictability","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculated Nutritional Indices in Symptomatic Hospitalized Nigerian Covid-19 Patients","authors":"J.A. Akinwumi, Victor F Edem, Olatunbosun Ganiyu Arinola","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Multifaceted approaches are needed to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, therefore assessing the patients’ nutritional status is desirable to justify the suggestion of biochemical nutritional markers or nutritional indices in the prognosis of COVID-19. This longitudinal study determined biochemical nutritional markers (albumin, prealbumin and total cholesterol) and nutritional indices [Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI)] in symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with control. These parameters were related to age, sex and days of admission of the patients. Plasma obtained were analyzed for biochemical nutritional markers and indices calculated. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., USA) version 20.0. The mean prealbumin (PAB) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients compared to control (P<0.05). PNI classified 90% of COVID-19 patients as well-nourished while CONUT score classified 75.6% of COVID-19 patients as mildly malnourished. In COVID-19 patients at discharge, the mean level of TC was significantly increased compared with COVID-19 patients at admission. The mean albumin level in patients with ≤10days of admission was significantly lower when compared to those with those having >10days of admission. There were no significant differences in the PNI and CONUT scores of the participants in relation to age, gender and days of admission. This study concluded that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SAR-COV 2) infection affects certain biochemical nutritional biomarkers and that PNI and CONUT could be use as cheap, reliable and affordable nutritional prognostic tools in the management of COVID-19 patients","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin C supplementation promotes locomotor and exploratory behaviors in male Wistar rats exposed to varying stress models","authors":"O.M. Olumide, T.D. Aderemi, A. P. Arikawe, A. J. Idowu, I.I. Olatunji-Bello, A.G. Umoren","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Constant exposure to environmental stress has negative behavioral outcomes. Considering the inverse relationship between stress and Vitamin C intake, this study was aimed at investigating variable stress techniques and Vitamin C supplementation on exploratory/locomotor behaviors in male Wistar rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (100g-120g) were allotted into four groups (n=7). Control received 10ml/kg distilled water, group two received 100 mg/kg vitamin C, group three was exposed to different models of stress while group four was stressed alongside 100 mg/kg vitamin C. Vitamin C treatments were given orally for 2 weeks. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were stressed every other day with models such as multiple cage changes, exposure to noise, overnight strange objects, overnight wetting of beddings, and immobility. Explorative and locomotor activities were assessed with the open field test, novel object recognition test, and Y maze test using a Logitech camera and ANY-maze software to track the movement of the rats. Cortisol was assayed in the serum using Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) kit. Superoxide Dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidase; malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assayed in the serum. The results show that locomotor activities such as distance traveled, average speed, and time spent in the center square was significantly reduced by stress. These activities were improved with the intake of vitamin C compared with stress. Explorative activities such as locomoting around the environment, orientating towards novelty, and touching or sniffing novel objects were significantly increased in the rats on Vitamin C supplements and reduced in the stressed group. In the serum, cortisol level was significantly increased in rats exposed to stress and decreased with Vitamin C intake. Stress also significantly increased MDA and decreased SOD and CAT while vitamin C supplement decreased MDA and increased SOD and CAT. In conclusion, oral intake of vitamin C enhanced explorative/locomotor behavior and increased oxidative stress in rats exposed to different models of stress","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. seed extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia through increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms and cholinergic neurotransmission","authors":"Ismail O. Ishola, Taiwo Grace Olubodun-Obadun, Abisola Sekinat Akinwande, Olufunmilayo Olaide Adeyemi","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Decline in cholinergic function and oxidative/nitrosative stress play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous quantitative HPLC profiling analysis has revealed the presence of Pinostrobin, formononetin, vitexin and other neuroprotective flavonoids in Cajanus cajan seed extract. This study was designed to investigate the protective action of Cajanus cajan ethanol seed extract (CC) on learning and memory functions using scopolamine mouse model of amnesia. Materials and methods: Adult mice were pretreated with CC (50, 100, or 200mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle (10ml/kg, p.o) for 16 days consecutively. Scopolamine, a competitive muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist (1mg/kg, i.p.) was given an hour after CC pretreatment from days 3 to 16. The mice were subjected to behavioural tests from day 11 (open field test (OFT)/ Y-maze test (YMT) and Morris water maze task (MWM) from days 12-16. Animals were euthanized 1h after behavioral test on day 16 and discrete brain regions isolated for markers of oxidative stress and cholinergic signaling. Molecular docking analysis was undertaken to predict the possible mechanism(s) of CC-induced anti-amnesic action. pre-administration of CC significantly reversed working memory and learning deficits caused by scopolamine in YMT and MWM tests, respectively. Moreover, CC prevented scopolamine-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress radicals in the hippocampus evidenced in significant increase in glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with a marked decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) production, as well as significant inhibition of hippocampal scopolamine-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity by CC. The molecular docking analysis showed that out of the 19 compounds, the following had the highest binding affinity; Pinostrobin (-8.7 Kcal/mol), friedeline (-7.5kCal/mol), and lupeol (-8.2 Kcal/mol), respectively, to neuronal muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and amyloid beta peptide binding pockets, which further supports the ability of CC to enhance neuronal cholinergic signaling and possible inhibition of amyloid beta aggregation. This study showed that Cajanus cajan seeds extract improved working memory and learning through enhancement of cholinergic signaling, antioxidant capacity and reduction in amyloidogenesis.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"28 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobehavioural and Histological Study of the Effects of Low-Dose and High-Dose Vanadium in Brain, Liver and Kidney of Mice","authors":"Taidinda Gilbert, Francis Olaolorun, Amany Ladagu, Funmilayo Olopade, Olumayowa Igado, James Olopade","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium is a ubiquitous transition metal that has been generating contrasting research interest. Therapeutically, vanadium possess antidiabetic, antitumor, antiparasitic and even neuroprotective activities. On the flip side, vanadium has been reported to cause multisystemic toxicities with a strong predilection for the nervous system. Despite several reports on potential benefits of low-dose vanadium (LDV) and toxic effects of high-dose vanadium (HDV), there are no comparative studies done thus far. This study therefore explored the comparative effects of LDV and HDV exposure in mice during postnatal development. A total of nine (9) nursing mice were used in this study; with three nursing mice and their pups (n = 12 pups per group) randomly assigned to each of the three test groups. The nursing dam were given intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of vanadium at 0.15mg/kg and 3mg/kg for LDV and HDV respectively, and subseqently to the pups from postnatal day (PND) 15 till sacrifice on PND 90. We discovered that neurodevelopmental motor function test of mice-pups exposed to LDV here showed improved motor development, muscular strength and memory capacities whereas HDV led to motor function impairment, reduced muscular strength and memory capacities. LDV-exposed mice showed mild histological lesions in cerebral cortex whereas high-dose showed distinct histological lesions in different parts of the brain ranging from cerebellar Purkinje neuronal pathology (central chromatolysis), pyramidal neuronal loss in CA1 region, architectural distortion as well as fewer neurons in olfactory bulb. We saw mild lesions with LDV in both liver and kidney, however, with HDV exposure, there was diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and congestion of blood vessels in liver, shrinkage of renal glomerulus and degenerated epithelial cells of kidney. Conclusively, beneficial effect of vanadium is proven as it facilitated body weight gain which translate in organ weight at low-dose, while high-dose caused decreased neurobehaviour and histological lesions.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABO Blood Group Genotypes and Demographic Traits in Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria.","authors":"Tajudeen Yahaya, Haliru Abdullahi, Zaharaddin Muhammad, Yusuf Ibrahim, Mustapha Abdullahi, Samuel Ribah, Mariam Jimoh","doi":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.6","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown that ABO blood groups and demographic traits influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and can be used in combination with insulin therapy to reduce the disease's burden. However, geographical variations exist in the influence of demographic traits and ABO blood groups on susceptibility to diseases and thus require establishing it in every locality. This study determined the influence of demographic traits and ABO blood groups on the prevalence of T1DM in Lagos, Nigeria. A structured checklist was used to collect data from the health records of non-obese 150 type 1 diabetic patients at Ayobo Primary Health Center, Lagos. The results revealed that males, with 88 participants (52.7%), constituted the majority, while females had 62 (41.3%). The age group 40 years and older had the highest proportion of participants with 37 (24.7%), followed by 31-40 years with 32 (21.30%), 21-30 years with 30 (20%), 11-20 years with 27 (18%), and 1-10 years with 24 (16%). Christianity had the highest with 74 participants (49.3%), followed by Islam with 71 participants (47.3%), and traditional religion with 5 participants (3.3%). Eight (5.3%) of the participants were primary school graduates; 34 (22.7%) were secondary school graduates; and 108 (72%) were tertiary school graduates. The Yoruba ethnic group, with 77 participants (51.3%), was the most prevalent, followed by Igbo with 50 (33.3%), and Hausa with 3 (2.0%). ABO blood group A and B (positive and negative) individuals were the most diabetic and expressed the most severe cases, while group O positive and AB negative individuals were the least diabetic. T1DM prevention should be a priority for blood group A and B residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48203891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis, neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Prof Victor Owoyele, Samira Malekzadeh","doi":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.1","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral microbiota dysbiosis, as well as lifestyle, geographical location, drug consumption, and dietary habits, are involved in the incidence and progression of dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and some diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm birth, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative disease e.g., Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Also, neuroinflammation is the most common cause of AD pathogenesis. This study investigated the possible relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Alzheimer's Disease. This review is based on research studies indexed in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.  The oral microbiota comprised various microorganisms, such as fungi, archaea, and bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the microorganisms, it stimulates host immune cells and releases cytokines, lysosomal enzymes, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species that lead to cell damage, apoptosis, and inflammation. Therefore, periodontal disease (PerioD) through systemic inflammation leads to some problems like the progression of MCI, production and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain of the elderly population. In addition, some treatment methods could modulate the adverse effects of P. gingivalis like probiotic dietary supplements, maintaining personal hygiene, as well as gingipain inhibitors which modulate cytokines through blocked Aβ production, ApoE proteolysis, and reduced neuroinflammation. In addition, therapeutic compounds like COR388 and COR286, as gingipain inhibitors, prevent P. gingivalis colonization in the brain and have a beneficial action in some conditions like aspiration pneumonia, low birth rate, rheumatoid arthritis, PerioD and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49522324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients.","authors":"T Pushparaj, Selvakumar S, Jayabanu M, Manikandan Sathiyaseelan","doi":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.5","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The parasympathetic vagus nerve supplies the heart and lung. The Parasympathetic activity modifies the heart rate and force of contraction in the heart and  Airway bronchial smooth muscle constriction and hypersecretion of mucus in the lungs. There is a link between these two components. Hence this study is designed to find the association between Spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pulmonary function tests in bronchial asthma patients. In this study, 30 asthmatic patients were recruited from the respiratory medicine outpatient department and 30 healthy volunteers were included. Pulmonary function tests and heart rate variability was recorded in the physiology department. The pulmonary function parameters were found significantly reduced in the asthmatic patient and it shows obstructive lung diseases. Heart rate variability parameters were found a statistically significantly decreased mean HR, VLF ms2, and LF ms2 in the asthmatic patients when compared to controls. HF ms2 was found significantly increased in the asthmatic patient. These HF ms2 were increased to represent parasympathetic hyperactivity. This study concluded there is parasympathetic dominance in asthmatic patients. The parasympathetic activity might be one of the reasons for increases the airway bronchoconstriction and hypersecretion of mucus. There is a negative correlation was found between FEV1 value and  HF ms2. A decrease in the FEV1 value leads to an increase in HF ms2.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"195-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Following the Use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Adult Wistar Rats: Therapeutic Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate.","authors":"Oluwatosin Olalekan Ogedengbe, Halima Saliu, Adedamola Adediran Fafure, Christopher Oloruntoba Akintayo, Adeshina Oloruntoba Adekeye, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Onyemaechi Okpara Azu","doi":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.7","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v37i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contribution of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions to brain function of people infected with HIV may be aggravated by toxicities due to long-term use of antiretroviral agents. This study was designed to investigate the curative potential of Epigallotatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as a possible consequence of antiretroviral toxicity. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats, weighing 80~100g, were divided into four groups and treated as follows: control A (distilled water), B (HAART), C (EGCG 2.5mg/kg), D (EGCG 2.5mg/kg) + HAART) Brain histology, immunohistochemistry, and oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH),catalase (CAT)  and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed extensive architectural deformation with pyknotic neuronal cells and obliterated neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Expression of inflammasome cells was also evident in this group. MDA levels increased significantly with a significant reduction in the levels of GSH, as well as antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities compared to other treatment groups. Treatment with EGCG resulted in partial neuronal restoration of histopathological alterations, and modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EGCG also showed significant improvements in terms of increased antioxidant levels of SOD, GSH, CAT and a reduced MDA level and well-preserved brain architecture. Epigallocatechin gallate improves brain morphology and function with a reversal of HAART-induced alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}