Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Gastroprotective Activity of Low-Dose Vanadium in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Roles of Gastric Acid, Mucous Cells and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Omosola Fisayo Faniyan, Adeola T Salami, Olugbenga Adeola Odukanmi, Samuel Babafemi Olaleye","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v40i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vanadium, a heavy metal with insulin-mimetic properties and gastro-protective potentials, has been reported to protect the stomach of healthy rats against aggressive agents like acetic acid. In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective effects of low-dose sodium metavanadate (NaVO₃) in experimental diabetic rats.  One hundred male Wistar rats (100-130g) were randomized into two experiments (normal and diseased) with 5 major groups (n=10) each. First experiment included normal (control) and non-diabetic groups treated with varying doses (20mg/kg/p.o, 40mg/kg/p.o, 60mg/kg/p.o and 80mg/kg/p.o) of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) only. The second experiment included diabetes-induced (65mg/kg/i.p Streptozotocin-STZ) and diabetic groups concomitantly treated with the same doses of sodium metavanadate as in the first experiment. Body weight and blood glucose level (BGL) were measured weekly. After 8 weeks of treatment, gastric acid secretion (GAS) was determined by the continuous perfusion method. Gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), sulfhydryl, nitric oxide levels, Na+/K+ and H+-K+-ATPase pump activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. Gastric tissue histological examination and immunohistochemistry expression of gastric MUC5AC were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and were significant at p < 0.05. The BGL was significantly decreased in 20 and 40 mg/kg NaVO₃-treated groups in both non-diabetic and diabetic Wistar groups. Basal GAS significantly decreased in NaVO3-treated diabetic groups. Stimulation with acetylcholine significantly decreased GAS in NaVO3-non-diabetic treated groups. Gastric MDA and GSH were significantly reduced in 60 and 80mg/kg-NaVO3 non-diabetic treated groups. Gastric sulfhydryl and nitric oxide levels were significantly reduced in 20 and 40mg/kg-NaVO3 non-diabetic treated groups.  Treatment with NaVO₃ in diabetic groups significantly decreased gastric MDA and sulfhydryl but increased GSH and nitric oxide levels.  Gastric H+- K+ ATPase and Na+-K+ ATPase pump activities significantly decreased in diabetic groups treated with 20, 40 and 60mg/kg-NaVO3 compared with the untreated diabetes group. Gastric MUC5AC expression in NaVO₃ non-diabetic and NaVO₃-treated diabetic groups significantly increased compared with control and diabetes alone, respectively. Sodium metavanadate treatment dose-dependently reduced blood glucose levels and improved body weight in diabetic rats. It also modulated gastric acid secretion via the suppression of H⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities, reduced oxidative stress markers, enhanced antioxidant defences, and increased expression of gastric MUC5AC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persea americana bark extract Modulates N^w-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension through NF-ƙβ/NRF2/KIM-1/CTnI signaling pathways in Wistar rats.","authors":"Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, Helen O Nottidge, Anofi O T Ashafa, Momoh A Yakubu, Adeolu A Adedapo, Ademola A Oyagbemi, O G Ohore, Oladipo O Omotosho, Tola Felicia Ajani, Blessing S Ogunpolu, Jeremiah M Afolabi, Joy O Gbadegoye, Victor Oriaku, Temidayo O Omobowale","doi":"10.54548/","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It has become a significant public health concern in both developed and developing countries. In this study we evaluated the ameliorative effect of methanol bark extract of Persea americana (PA) on L-NAME-induced hypertension and its attendant cardiac and renal complications. Sixty rats were divided into six groups. Group A was the negative control and received distilled water throughout the study. Group B received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME alone at 40 mg/kg for 21 days. Groups C, D and E received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME at 40 mg/kg and extract at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 21 days. Group F received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME at 40 mg/kg and lisinopril at 10 mg/kg for 21 days. The results showed that L-NAME significantly elevated blood pressure, markers of renal damage, oxidative stress, and expression of KIM-1, NRF2, NF-KB and CTnI, while it decreased both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters. The extract and lisinopril, however, ameliorated these effects in the rat model. These findings showed that the bark extract of PA may play a role in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, cardio-renal organ damage and blood pressure levels in hypertension, possibly through free radical scavenging, antioxidant system potentiation, NF-ƙβ/NRF2/KIM-1/CTnI signaling pathways. Keywords: Persea americana bark extract, hypertension, oxidative stress, antioxidant, L-NAME, lisinopril.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Adolescents in Nigeria (SURRENDER): Research Plan and Procedures of Mixed-Method Survey.","authors":"Ikeola A Adeoye, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Ifeoluwa Jesuloluwa Owoseni, Sunday Adekunle Oladiran, Amiede Martina Oriakhi, Somtochukwu Ijeoma Ogboh, Mojisola Hikmah Bello, David Kadan Danladi, Osahon Jeffery Asowata","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.4","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been estimated to be the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, with a significant impact on the increasing burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases among adolescents. This manuscript highlights the research plan and procedures for SSB consumption among adolescents in Nigeria (SURRENDER), a survey designed to assess the magnitude and patterns of sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption with its associated factors and the potential association with cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar, among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. The SURRENDER study surveyed in-school adolescents (males and females, aged 10-19 years) from secondary schools across three main cities: Abuja, Ikeja, and Ibadan, Nigeria. Participant enrollment, including questionnaire administration, physical examination and blood specimen collection, started in 2023, using the World Health Organization's STEPS Instrument for Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance for data collection. Data were collected on sociodemographics, parent and family characteristics, lifestyle factors, food access and dietary diversity, SSB consumption, physical and sedentary activity, school environment, anthropometric measurements (including weight in kilograms, height and mid-upper arm circumference in centimetres) and blood pressure assessment (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate) and blood glucose measurements by trained personnel in keeping with standing protocol, procedures and tools. A total of 1,699 (females - 58.6%) were recruited (29.4% - Abuja, 29.4% - Ikeja and 41.1% - Ibadan) with a 74.9% response rate and focused group discussions are underway to understand the etiological basis for perceptions, attitudes, and environmental drivers of dietary SSB consumption among adolescents. The SURRENDER would be promising, as it would provide evidence-based and innovative data that would ultimately inform the design of public health guidelines, advisories, and policy initiatives to support strong adolescent health in Nigeria and can be extrapolated for guidance in other African countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effects of Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed on Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats.","authors":"Obruche Ofovwe Ekakitie, Onyinye Cynthia Okeke, Odochi O Chukwu, Chinedum U Emelike, Raphael A Nwaji, Sunday I Emmanuel","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v40i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a commonly consumed fruit whose phytochemical constituents have known advantages, however the seeds of this plant are usually discarded. Hyperlipidaemia is a medical condition characterized by an elevation of any or all lipid profile and/or lipoproteins in the blood. This study aimed to investigate the hematological effects and lipid lowering potentials of methanolic extract of C. lanatus seed (MECLS) in hyperlipidemia-induced male Wistar rats. Total of 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each; Normal control group (NCG), Hyperlipidemic control group (HCG), Hyperlipidemic treated groups (HTG1 and HTG2) which were treated with 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg body weight of methanolic water melon seed extracts for a period of 7 days respectively. Lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL and HDL) and Hematological parameters of all the animals in each group were determined. The results showed a decrease in TC, PCV, WBC, RBC, HB and PLT, with a corresponding increase in TG, HDL and LDL following treatment with MECLS to hyperlipidemic wistar rats. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with MECLS improves some lipid factors, but its effects are more visible in reversal of negatively altered haematological parameters resulting from hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Temperatures, Respiration, Heart Rate and Haematological Parameters of Four Species of Captive Monkeys in Nigeria during the Rainy Season.","authors":"Ayodele Ake, Bamidele Ogunro, Augustine Ajaebili, Isaac Arowolo, Luimommei Kpasham, Adedunsola Obasa, Amany Ladagu, J O Olopade","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v40i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeys are phylogenetically close to humans and are therefore used in a lot of research models. This study aimed to determine the basic physiological and haematological parameters in four different species of captive monkeys during the rainy season.  Fourteen adult monkeys at the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden were used for this study (3 - Cercocebus sebaeus, 3 - Cercopithecus mona, 3- Erythrocebus patas and 5- Papio Anubis). Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were recorded concurrently with the measurement of rectal temperature (RT), body surface temperatures (BST), respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR). Blood sample were collected for the evaluation of haematological parameters. The dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were 25.9℃ and 75%, respectively. The Erythrocebus patas monkey had mean RT value of 38.23 ± 0.2℃, while the Cercocebus sebaeus monkey had 38.87 ± 0.7℃ when compared to that of Papio anubis and Cercopithecus mona monkey (38.4 ± 0.3℃ and 38.53 ± 0.6℃, respectively). The mean RR value of 40.0 ± 2.3 cycle/min in Erythrocebus patas monkey was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than 27.33 ± 1.3 cycles/min and 21.60 ± 1.9 cycles/min in Papio anubis and Cercocebus sebaeus monkey, respectively. The mean bias difference of rectal temperature versus eye temperature (0.8643 ± 0.749) was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) lower than the mean bias differences of the rectal temperature versus forehead (2.19 ± 0.75), but was not statistically (p ˃ 0.05) different from the value of 1.471 ± 0.9 obtained in the comparison of rectal temperature versus base of the tail temperature. The haematological parameters were not significantly different among the species. In conclusion, the basic thermoregulatory apparatus and haematological parameters of the different species of monkeys were not significantly different and the values recorded were within the established range for the monkey.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> on Testicular Morphometry, Sperm Quality, and Hormonal Profiles in Alcohol-Induced Toxicity.","authors":"Collins Nduka Esomchi, Godwin Chinedu Uzomba, Favour Kyrian Nwoke, Joy Onyinyechi Nwofia, Ogugua Augustine Egwu","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v40i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol consumption is known to induce reproductive toxicity, leading to adverse effects on testicular morphology, sperm quality, and DNA integrity in males. Zingiber officinale (ginger), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may counteract these effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ginger on testicular morphometry, sperm quality, and hormonal profiles in alcohol-induced toxicity. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=5/group). Group A (control) received normal saline. Group B was exposed to 40% alcohol (3.50 g/kg body weight) from Days 15-28. Group C received ginger (750 mg/kg) during the same period. Groups D, E, and F were treated with alcohol for 14 days, followed by low (250 mg/kg), medium (500 mg/kg), and high (750 mg/kg) doses of ginger, respectively, from Days 15-28. The study evaluated changes in body and testicular morphometry, antioxidant enzyme and hormonal changes. Semen analysis included sperm motility, count, and morphology, while sperm chromatin/DNA integrity was assessed using Aniline Blue and Toluidine Blue staining. Alcohol exposure (Group B) significantly reduced testicular weight, sperm motility, and chromatin integrity. Ginger-treated groups (C, D, and E) showed marked improvements, with Group C outperforming the control group (A) in sperm motility, antioxidant levels, and hormones. However, Group F showed distorted results similar to Group B, suggesting high-dose toxicity. Ginger improves reproductive health and mitigates alcohol-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Moderate doses show optimal benefits, while high doses may be detrimental. These findings support ginger's potential as a natural therapeutic agent for reproductive health. Keywords: Alcohol-induced toxicity, Antioxidant, Ginger, Semen quality, Testicular morphometry Zingiber officinale.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory effects of ethanol extract of Dissotis rotundifolia whole plant on metabolic syndrome-induced hepato-renal dysfunctions in rats.","authors":"T O Ajibade, K O Soetan, A O Adeyi, T O Omobowale, L J McGaw, S M Nkadimeng, I M Famuyide, A A Oyagbemi, E A Yeye, A T Akinkoye, E A Abiara, A Agbatutu, J A Badejo, T I Gbadamosi, O A Odeku","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v40i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome has been associated with the incidence of liver and chronic kidney damage. This study aimed at exploring the mitigatory action of Dissotis rotundifolia whole plant extract on metabolic syndrome-induced hepato-renal dysfunctions. Fifty (50) adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150-180 g were randomly distributed into groups of ten rats each as follows: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (MetS control), Group 3 (MetS + 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Dissotis rotundifolia), Group 4 (MetS + 200 mg/kg ethanol extract of Dissotis rotundifolia), and Group 5 (MetS + 20 mg/kg Rosuvastatin). Metabolic syndrome was established by feeding the rats with high carbohydrate (10 -20% fructose) in drinking water and high fat-induced diet (20 - 40%) for 8 weeks. Biomarkers of hepatic and renal damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, lipid profiles, and immunohistochemistry of the liver and kidney tissues of rats were determined. The results showed that metabolic syndrome caused a significant increase in biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), but significantly reduced hepatic and renal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in comparison with the control.  Furthermore, biomarkers of renal and hepatic damage were significantly elevated in MetS untreated rats. Higher renal immune-reactivity of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) but lower expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) was recorded for MetS untreated rats. Dissotis rotundifolia extractmitigated biomarkers of oxidative stress, hepato-renal dysfunctions, and improved antioxidant defense system. The observed protective effects of Dissotis rotundifolia on metabolic syndrome-induced hepatic and renal damage could be due to amelioration of lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant defense system.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic Evaluation of Posterior Tibial Slope Angle: Its Relationship with Socio-Demographic Factors and Effects on Knee Function.","authors":"Samuel Efanga","doi":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.7","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v40i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major activities in life depend on the proper function of the knees which in turn is determined by the posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) of the knee. However, beyond certain degrees of PTSA the likelihood of the risk for tears in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and menisci increases, which consequently, impairs knee joint functions. The objectives of this study were to determine PTSA, its relationship with sociodemographic factors and effect on subjective knee joint function using Tegner activity scale. This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study that was conducted in the Radiology Department of a Tertiary hospital over a 6-moths period. PTSA of the lateral radiographs of 152 subjects were evaluated. Tegner activity scale was administered on each subject to subjectively ascertain knee joint function. Chi square and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. Mean PTSA for the right and left knees were 11.03±0.250 (SEM) and 11.02±0.260 (SEM). Age and body mass index (BMI) significantly correlated with right PTSA (r = 0.404, P = 0.000 and r = -0.853, P = 0.000) and left PTSA (r = 0.408, P = and r = -0.818, P = 0.000). Mean Tegner activity scale was 8.47±0.38 (SEM) and the mean BMI was 24.06±0.29 kg/m2 (SEM). It is concluded that mean PTSA in this study is similar to that obtained in other populations and has a significant relationship with age and BMI, and maintaining normal weight significantly affects PTSA in a positive fashion to ensure optimal knee functions. This study offers regional data to assist Orthopaedic surgeons on knee ligaments evaluation and reconstruction procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Moringa oleifera feed inclusion on nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in a murine model.","authors":"Olumuyiwa A Adejumobi, A S Ake, A A Aderoju, T O Ajibade, O O Igado, O O Alaka, O G Ohore, A A Oyagbemi, A A Adedapo, M A Yakubu, T O Omobowale","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.417","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moringa oleifera (MO) has been recognized for its numerous beneficial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antihypertensive effects of MO seeds in rats subjected to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) exposure. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each for the experiment. Group A served as the control, received normal saline only, Group B received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) only, Group C received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 10% MO feed, Group D received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 20% MO feed, and Group E received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg). Treatment was daily and covered a period of 5 weeks. Blood pressure and electrocardiographic measurements were obtained using a non-invasive tail cuff blood pressure device and a 6/7 lead computer ECG equipment, respectively. Heart and kidney tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters, and immunohistochemistry and histopathology of the heart and kidney were conducted using standard methods. L-NAME treatment led to a significant increase in diastolic and systolic values compared to the control group. Serum nitric oxide concentration significantly decreased in rats that received L-NAME alone, while co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril showed a significant increase in nitric oxide levels. Co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the cardiac and renal tissues, whereas L-NAME alone caused a significant increase in MDA concentration. The expressions of cardiac and renal caspase-3 significantly increased in L-NAME alone treated rats, while co-treatments with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced the expressions of caspase-3. In conclusion, co-treatment with MO effectively reduced arterial pressure and indices of hypertension in rats, mitigated the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by L-NAME. Therefore, the inclusion of MO seeds in hypertension management may serve as an effective remedy. Keywords: Moringa oliefera, L-NAME, Hypertension, Oxidative Stress, Nitric oxide.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-Ribose-L-Cysteine protects against sodium arsenite-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats.","authors":"Michael Gbadegesin, J O Teibo, M Adegoke, G Olajire, Oyeronke A Odunola","doi":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.7","DOIUrl":"10.54548/njps.v39i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>D-Ribose-L-Cysteine (Riboceine)- an antioxidant supplement that may help to raise the glutathione levels by acting as a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis in biological systems. Effect of riboceine (Rb) on sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatorenal toxicity was investigated in rats. Four groups (A-D) (six per group) were treated thus: Group A (water and normal diet only); while Group B (SA at 5 mg/kg body weight); Group C (riboceine at 10 mg/kg body weight) and Group D (riboceine and SA). The exposure to test substances lasted for a total of 14 days in each case in which pre-treatment was done with riboceine. Exposure to SA triggered a significant reduction in the entire weight and relative organ weight, increase in ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities, decrease in liver total protein and increase in serum levels of urea and creatinine. Furthermore, SA caused a significant reduction in GSH (glutathione) level and CAT (Catalase) activity, while the LPO (lipid peroxidation) and NO (nitric oxide) levels were significantly increased. Pre-treatment with riboceine, restored the levels of the aforementioned parameters. Riboceine also promote restoration of hepatocytes and renal cells integrity. Findings from this study reaffirm the hepatorenal toxicities of sodium arsenite and show the protective role of riboceine against SA-induced toxicities. Protective effects of riboceine may be via the enhancement of the level of glutathione, a natural scavenger of free radicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}