S. Gupta, B. Jose, K. Joshi, A. Jain, M. Alam, S. Mahapatra
{"title":"A comprehensive and critical re-assessment of 2-stage energy level NBTI model","authors":"S. Gupta, B. Jose, K. Joshi, A. Jain, M. Alam, S. Mahapatra","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241933","url":null,"abstract":"The two stage a.k.a. four energy level NBTI model has been comprehensively re-evaluated by investigating its predictive capabilities beyond the ultra-short stress duration for which it was originally validated. It is found that the model, with its default parameters, can indeed reproduce short time (~1s) stress and subsequent recovery with good accuracy. The default model however does not anticipate well-known experimental results for longer stress duration. Other combination of parameters may be used to improve prediction of long time stress, but at the cost of inaccurate recovery estimation. The capability of this model to predict AC NBTI is also explored. We conclude that the model predictions are highly sensitive to input parameters, and we find no combination of parameters that reproduces the observed DC, AC, and duty-cycle dependent NBTI phenomena.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122928813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kothandaraman, B. Himmel, J. Safran, J. Golz, G. Maier, M. Farooq, T. Graves-abe, W. Landers, R. Volant, K. Petrarca, F. Chen, T. Sullivan, G. Larosa, N. Robson, R. Hannon, S. Iyer
{"title":"Copper through silicon via (TSV) for 3D integration","authors":"C. Kothandaraman, B. Himmel, J. Safran, J. Golz, G. Maier, M. Farooq, T. Graves-abe, W. Landers, R. Volant, K. Petrarca, F. Chen, T. Sullivan, G. Larosa, N. Robson, R. Hannon, S. Iyer","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241774","url":null,"abstract":"Differential thermal expansion mismatch between Cu and Si along with high aspect ratios required for TSV pose unique challenges to the integration and reliability of Cu TSV. A TSV structure that successfully mitigates these concerns has been integrated into CMOS with high K/metal gates. Data from test structures demonstrate no `Cu pumping' or other deleterious effects to neighboring devices or interconnects. Functional 3D prototypes utilizing stacked embedded DRAMs were demonstrated showing no impact from TSV processing.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123865955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layout sensitivities of transient external latchup","authors":"A. Kripanidhi, E. Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241821","url":null,"abstract":"The trigger current for external latchup depends on the duration of the triggering event. A physics-based model is provided to capture the effects of aggressor to victim spacing and orientation on transient triggering of external latchup. The latchup susceptibility of standard cell based designs is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123911394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aoulaiche, N. Collaert, P. Blomme, E. Simoen, L. Altimime, G. Groeseneken, M. Jurczak, L. Mendes Almeida, C. Caillat, N. Mahatme
{"title":"Effect of interface states on 1T-FBRAM cell retention","authors":"M. Aoulaiche, N. Collaert, P. Blomme, E. Simoen, L. Altimime, G. Groeseneken, M. Jurczak, L. Mendes Almeida, C. Caillat, N. Mahatme","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241918","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the retention of 1T-RAM UTBOX SOI devices is investigated. It is found that the interface defects at 0.3eV below the Si conduction band are responsible for the short retention times. The measured retention time and kinetics are reproduced by a model assuming hole generation via interface states.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123939913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized successive failure methodology for non-weibull distributions and its applications to SiO2 or high-k/SiO2 bilayer dielectrics and extrinsic failure mode","authors":"E. Wu, J. Suñé, C. LaRow","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241863","url":null,"abstract":"We report a generalized successive failure (or breakdown) methodology for non-Weibull distributions and successfully apply it to both SiO2 single-layer dielectric with progressive BD and high-κ/SiO2 bilayer dielectrics in intrinsic failure mode. We show that for failure-current based distributions (non-Weibull) of intrinsic mode with a steeper slope at low percentiles, the most significant lifetime margin comes from this steeper slope itself and not from the tolerance to several failure events. On the other hand, the application of successive failure methodology to extrinsic failure mode with shallow slopes commonly observed in real life of products can lead to very large TDDB reliability margin if failure correction schemes such as error correction code can be implemented.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129169272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-chip silicon odometers and their potential use in medical electronics","authors":"J. Keane, C. Kim","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241835","url":null,"abstract":"The parametric shifts or circuit failures caused by transistor aging have become more severe with shrinking device sizes and voltage margins. Designing circuits that can withstand these aging effects is particularly critical in medical applications where systems must operate flawlessly across a range of conditions for their entire lifetimes. In this work we present several on-chip Silicon Odometers that provide measurement data required to develop transistor degradation models. One such scheme-a beat frequency detection circuit capable of recording oscillator frequency shifts ranging down to a theoretical limit of less than 0.01%-may be suited to trigger real-time adjustments that compensate for lost performance on products in the field. Incorporating this sensing capability may be especially attractive in implantable medical electronics.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116137211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Positive bias temperature instability induced positive charge generation in P+ Poly/SiON pMOSFET's","authors":"Hokyung Park, P. Nicollian, V. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241939","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated positive bias temperature instability characteristics in P+ Poly/SiON pMOSFET's. Similar to NBTI, PBTI also shows positive charge generation. From the LV-SILC characteristics, we observed Dit generation at both the Poly/SiON and Si/SiON interfaces after PBTI stress, with Dit generation at the Poly/SiON interface influencing trap creation at the Si/SiON interface.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122009863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of Random Telegraph Noise on FinFET devices, 6T SRAM cell, and logic circuits","authors":"M. Fan, V. Hu, Yin-Nien Chen, P. Su, C. Chuang","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241886","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the impacts of single trap induced Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) on scaled FinFET devices in tied-gate and independent-gate modes, 6T SRAM cell and logic circuits. The dependence of RTN amplitude on trap location, EOT and temperature is evaluated through 3D atomistic TCAD simulations. It is observed that charged trap located near the bottom of sidewall (gate) interface, in the middle region between the source/drain results in most significant impact. EOT scaling and higher temperature improve the immunity to RTN. RTN degradation in independent-gate mode and the dependency on the location of the trap and current conduction path are analyzed. We show that planar BULK device, with larger Subthreshold Swing (S.S.) and comparable trap-induced VT shift (ΔVT), exhibits less nominal RTN degradation than FinFET for trap placed in the worst position. However, the larger variability and surface conduction characteristic of planar BULK device result in broader dispersion and larger worst-case degradation than FinFET with smaller variability and volume conduction inside the silicon fin. For FinFET 6T SRAM cell, the READ Static Noise Margin (RSNM) of 64 possible combinations from trapping/de-trapping in each cell transistor is examined. Because of reduced carriers with decreasing supply voltage (Vdd), the relative importance of RTN on the cell stability increases. The leakage/delay of FinFET inverter, 2-Way NAND and 2-To-1 multiplexer are investigated using mixed-mode TCAD simulations. The existence of RTN is found to cause ~24-27% and 13-15% variation in leakage and delay at Vdd=0.4V, respectively, for the logic circuits evaluated.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"1720 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125059274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Ju Kim, M. Cho, L. Pantisano, T. Chiarella, M. Togo, N. Horiguchi, G. Groeseneken, B. Lee
{"title":"Effects of gate process on NBTI characteristics of TiN gate FinFET","authors":"Jin Ju Kim, M. Cho, L. Pantisano, T. Chiarella, M. Togo, N. Horiguchi, G. Groeseneken, B. Lee","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241913","url":null,"abstract":"NBTI characteristics of p-FinFET with TiN metal gates deposited by ALD or PVD method have been investigated in detail. NBTI lifetime of ALD-TiN gate device was better than that of PVD TiN gate device. The differences were primarily attributed to the differences in the thickness and quality of interfacial SiO2 layer which was affected by an oxygen scavenging reaction of TiN layer. Also, NBTI characteristics were degraded at narrower FinFET in both ALD and PVD devices as the contribution from sidewall (110) region increased.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121625568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of the influence of electron beam on electrical characteristics of LOCOS device","authors":"H. Lin, C. H. Chao","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.2012.6241904","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical characteristic changes in scaled MOSFET devices have been widely reported due to electron beam (EB) irradiation. For local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) devices, the effects of EB-induced damage when performing measurements using an SEM based nanoproer, however, have rarely been reported. EB penetration into the dielectrics, resulting in the modification of the physical properties of the dielectric layer, could be a concern, not only for scaled devices, but also for LOCOS devices. This study reveals that the effect of EB on LOCOS devices can be measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) based nanoprober with inducing electrical characteristic changes. These changes are accounted for by the hole trapping at the birdsbeak, which has a significant effect on both the junction electrical characteristics and punchthrough characteristics in LOCOS isolation structures when an SEM is employed for probe guidance. Further, some preliminary experimental results, not included in this paper, show that lowering the EB acceleration voltage is found to not be able to significantly eliminate the effects of EB-induced damage during device inspections in failure analysis procedures. More advanced studies are currently under investigation.","PeriodicalId":341663,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}