Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique最新文献

{"title":"Remerciements aux relecteurs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-0078(25)00117-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-0078(25)00117-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La soumission chimique en dehors des agressions sexuelles","authors":"Alice Ameline, Laurie Gheddar, Nadia Arbouche, Pascal Kintz","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Discuter différents contextes de soumission chimique hors agressions sexuelles et présenter des cas judiciarisés, essentiellement devant un tribunal correctionnel.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Au laboratoire de toxicologie de l’IML de Strasbourg, l’approche analytique consiste à analyser des prélèvements sanguins et urinaires, collectés le plus rapidement possible après les faits, ainsi que des cheveux lorsque cela est possible. Une méthode dédiée, suivant les recommandations de la SFTA, a été développée en chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Les mêmes extraits sont également analysés en spectrométrie de masse haute résolution afin de compléter le panel des molécules recherchées. Au cours des 8 dernières années, de nombreuses affaires de soumission chimique ont été investiguées au laboratoire. Les cas les plus marquants, hors agression sexuelle, ont été extraits, incluant vol, maltraitance aux agents chimiques, violence physique, séquestration, etc.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Cas (1) un homme de 41 ans, en voyage au Panama, est drogué, kidnappé et volé sous l’influence d’une substance l’ayant fait perdre la mémoire et entraînée de sévères maux de tête et une vision floue. L’analyse de ses cheveux a permis l’identification de scopolamine à 15 pg/mg dans le segment correspondant à la période des faits. Cas (2) un joueur de tennis de 25 ans est décédé dans un accident de voiture, dont il aurait perdu le contrôle, quelques heures après une compétition dans laquelle il a déclaré forfait suite à une perte d’équilibre et un épuisement. Les analyses toxicologiques ont mis en évidence la présence de lorazépam dans son sang. Le père de son adversaire a avoué avoir mis un comprimé de lorazépam dans la bouteille d’eau du joueur, afin de faciliter la victoire de son fils. Il a également été reconnu coupable de soumission chimique à l’encontre de plusieurs adversaires de ses deux enfants au cours des 3 années précédentes. Cas (3) une enfant de 3 ans est admise aux urgences pour incoordination motrice et élocution difficile, repérés par l’infirmière scolaire. L’examen clinique est sans particularité, mais l’analyse de ses cheveux met en évidence la présence d’alprazolam à 482 pg/mg. La mère de l’enfant a reconnu donner de temps en temps de l’alprazolam à sa fille un peu « turbulente » pour la calmer. On parle alors d’enfant chimiquement battu. Cas (4) un homme de 56 ans est pris en charge aux urgences pour des difficultés respiratoires et une incoordination motrice. L’homme aurait mangé une soupe et bu trois verres de vin lors du dernier repas, servis par son épouse. Le criblage toxicologique a mis en évidence la présence de lévomépromazine à 82 ng/mL, associée à une alcoolémie à 0,51 g/L. Son épouse a reconnu avoir drogué son mari afin de « calmer ses ardeurs nocturnes ».</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>À l’instar des produits utilisés dans le cas des agressions sexuell","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty years of progresses in hair testing science, where do we go?","authors":"Carmen Jurado","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Describe the evolution and challenges faced within hair testing and discuss progress to a foreseeable future.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hair testing science has progressed rapidly during the past 30 years; mainly due to advances in instrumentation, expanded substance detection and applications. At the same time, it has faced many challenges, both in acceptance (in the early times) and interpretation issues. As society and technology are progressing, the future of this science is heading in several promising directions including the artificial intelligence and machine learning, which could automate much of the analysis and interpretation of the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>The evolution of hair analysis is closely related to advances in analytical instrumentation. Thirty years ago, the vast majority of labs performing hair analysis applied GC-MS, while more sensitive techniques were used in a minority. Over the years, the scenario has been changing and currently most laboratories use LC-MS/MS; even some labs use imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) on a single hair. This is demonstrated by the Proficiency Test organized by the Society of Hair Testing. In 2001, 93% of the participants used GC-MS and 7% LC-MS; just the opposite happened in 2023, when 3% used GC-MS and 97% LC-MS/MS. The development of advanced analytical techniques allowed the detection of more drugs and their metabolites. Initially hair analysis focused on a limited number of substances (e.g. opiates, cocaine and later with cannabis). With the introduction of high-resolution techniques in the routine, hair testing now includes a wider array of drugs, including alcohol markers (ethyl-glucuronide), or new psychoactive substances (NPS). In addition, advances in understanding drug metabolism have allowed for the detection of specific metabolites, providing insights into usage patterns and the timing of drug use. The number of applications of these analyses has been growing over the years and it includes different fields: forensic investigations, workplace drug testing, driver's license regranting, child custody, clinical settings, doping control, etc. In the last years, the application of more sensitive and accurate methodologies allowed the detection of traces of a drug even after a single use. Thus, the spectrum of applications was expanded to cases of drug facilitated crimes. The major challenge of hair testing has been and (even in some circumstances) continues to be the external contamination and the risk of reporting false positive results. A lot of research has been done to solve this issue. An initial approach was the introduction of cut-off values, then extensive and/or sequential washes, the analysis of endogenous and minor metabolites. Lately metabolic concentration ratios are being applied. Some key trends and potential directions for the future of hair testing could be related to: (a) technological","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bénéfices de la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (LC-HR/MS) pour le dépistage des substances psychoactives (SPA) chez les patients en addictologie","authors":"Vanessa Biering , Aurélie Aquizerate , Morgan Helesbeux , Malcolm Barrangou-Poueys-Darlas , Audrey Verholleman , Matthieu Gregoire , Caroline Victorri-Vigneau , Melanie Duval , Edouard Le Carpentier","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Comparer les performances et l’intérêt clinique de la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (LC-HR/MS) et d’une méthode d’immuno-analyse pour le dépistage urinaire des substances psychoactives (SPA) chez les patients hospitalisés en addictologie.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Un prélèvement urinaire était réalisé en début d’hospitalisation et analysé par méthode immuno-analyse (c503 CobasPro®, Roche Diagnostic®) et LC-HR/MS (Orbitrap exploris 120, Thermofisher®). Chaque SPA déclarée, ainsi que les médicaments prescrits ou non, étaient comparés aux résultats des analyses et les éventuelles discordances entre les deux méthodes d’analyses ainsi que la détection de substances non déclarées ont été étudiées afin d’évaluer la pertinence analytique de la LC-HR/MS. Une performance supérieure de celle-ci était définie soit par une nouvelle détection d’une substance non détectée ou non recherchée en immuno-analyse, la correction d’une erreur d’identification de l’immuno-analyse, la non détection d’une substance recherchée ou non en immuno-analyse pour laquelle une limite d’identification en LC-HR/MS était renseignée. La pertinence clinique des résultats obtenus avec la méthode en LC-HR/MS par rapport à ceux de l’immuno-analyse a été évaluée avec les cliniciens du service d’addictologie lors de réunions trimestrielles une fois le patient sorti d’hospitalisation et le dossier anonymisé.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Dans cette étude observationnelle monocentrique prospective, 154 patients hospitalisés pour des troubles addictifs liés à un usage de SPA ont été inclus. Le prélèvement urinaire a été réalisé en moyenne 1,6<!--> <!-->jours<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1 jour après le début d’hospitalisation. Concernant les molécules « hors prescription » (substances illicites et médicaments mésusés), la LC-HR/MS a montré une performance supérieure pour plus de la moitié des substances déclarées par le patient. Elle a essentiellement permis de détecter parmi ces molécules « hors prescription », des substances non recherchées en immuno-analyse et/ou non déclarées, notamment des analgésiques, des antidépresseurs, ainsi que des anti-histaminiques. De surcroît, la LC-HR/MS a permis de détecter une substance qui n’avait pas été détectée par l’immuno-analyse (principalement cocaïne et méthadone) pour plus d’une consommation déclarée sur dix. La LC-HR/MS a également montré une performance supérieure dans la détection de médicaments prescrits pour 71 % des cas qui concernaient, pour quasiment la totalité de ces cas, des substances non recherchées en immuno-analyse. Concernant l’impact clinique, les résultats obtenus par LC-HR/MS ont été jugés utiles par les cliniciens et auraient modifié la prise en charge pour un quart des patients. Dans la plupart des cas il s’agissait de molécules détectées et non déclarées par le patient. De plus, la LC-HR/MS a également permis de corriger un résultat d’amphétamine rendu faussement positif.</div","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages S54-S55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update from the EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances","authors":"Thomas Néfau,&nbsp;Joanna De Morais,&nbsp;Simon Brandt,&nbsp;Ana Gallegos,&nbsp;Michael Evans-Brown,&nbsp;Gregorio Planchuelo,&nbsp;Roumen Sedefov","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The European Union Early Warning System on New Psychoactive Substances (EU EWS), operated by the EU Drug Agency (EUDA) is operational since 1997. It was the first regional early warning system to be established to monitor new psychoactive substances (NPS) and has been recognised as a model for national, regional and international early warning systems.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The EU EWS rapidly detects, assesses and responds to health and social threats caused by NPS. Data collected and analysed include event based data on seizures by law enforcement, collected samples and serious adverse events linked to NPS. These data are complemented by annual reports, which include aggregated data on seizures and from poisonings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By September 2024, the EUDA was monitoring more than 980 NPS, 26 of which were first reported in 2023. The availability of NPS in Europe has reached a historic high, with more than 41 tons seized in 2023. This increase has been driven by a large increase in seizures of synthetic cathinones, in particular 3-CMC and 2-MMC, mostly trafficked from India. New threats continue to appear, including emergence of semi-synthetic cannabinoids (SSCs) and nitazenes. Since May 2022, 18 SSCs have been identified in Europe, underscoring the market's rapid evolution. They are sold openly in a broad range of consumer product forms, including vapes and edibles. While the available information on harms is limited, an outbreak of poisonings caused by edibles containing SSCs was reported by Hungary. Since 2022, there has been an increase in reports of nitazenes detections and poisonings in parts of Europe, and particularly in Estonia and Latvia. In addition, localised outbreaks of poisonings caused by nitazenes were reported by France and Ireland. The data also suggests an increase in the detection of fake medicines containing nitazene opioids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Currently, the NPS market is characterised by complexity and increased integration with the market for established controlled drugs. The market is resilient and highly dynamic making it difficult to disrupt. Forensic and toxicological information sources are critically important for but there remains a need for investment in forensic, analytical and toxicological capacity. As of July 2024, the EUDA has a new mandate to implement and coordinate a network of laboratories with the aim of improving the detection capacity and knowledge of NPS, as well as the implementation of a European Drug Alert System (EDAS) for the detection and reporting of drug-related risks. The NPS market is still very dynamic in the EU and these new mechanisms (EUDA Laboratory network and EDAS) are aimed to further strengthen national and EU preparedness and response to NPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitation of an oral fluid drug panel including THC using High Resolution Accurate-Mass (HRAM) orbitrap mass spectrometry","authors":"Courtney Patterson","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To develop a HRAM LCMS method for quantitative analysis of 31 drugs of abuse in oral fluid with a complete sample preparation workflow that satisfies cutoff levels presented by the National Safety Council. The 31 analytes are as follows:</div><div>6-MAM, 7-aminoclonazepam, Alprazolam, Amphetamine, Benzoylecgonine, Buprenorphine, Carisoprodol, Clonazepam, Cocaethylene, Cocaine, Codeine, Diazepam, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Lorazepam, MDA, MDMA, Meprobamate, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Morphine, Nordiazepam, Oxazepam, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, PCP, Temazepam, THC, Tramadol, and Zolpidem.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Nine calibration levels (ranging from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL) were made by spiking stock solution of the 31 target analytes into human oral fluid. Samples were diluted with a preserving buffer and spiked with their corresponding internal standard. 500<!--> <!-->μL of each sample were then extracted using DPX INTip™ SCX/WAX SPE. Drug analytes were separated with on a Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Biphenyl column connected to a Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Horizon UHPLC system using a fast 7-minute method. Data was acquired on the Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap™ Exploris™ 120 mass spectrometer using data dependent MS2 mode (ddMS2) with an inclusion list for the 31 target drugs. Thermo Scientific™ TraceFinder™ 5.2 software was used for data acquisition and processing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Limits of quantitation (LOQ) determined for the 31 drugs were all below the new SAMHSA guidelines cutoffs and linearity was achieved from as low as 0.5 ng/mL to a ULOL of 1,000 ng/mL. THC delta-9 achieved an LOQ of 1 ng/mL. All drugs were confirmed with mass accuracy of less than 5<!--> <!-->ppm, retention times, and library matching. This study was also able to overcome some of the issues commonly associated with THC including “stickiness” of the drug to consumables and its susceptibility to being suppressed by oral fluid collection device buffers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This fast and quantitative method was developed around 31 drugs of abuse specified by SAMHSA and the National Safety Council. A complete workflow was presented that involved sample preparation using DPX INTip SPE. Linearity was achieved from LOQ's as low as 0.5 ng/mL up to 1000 ng/mL which exemplifies the sensitivity of these instruments and extraction procedure. This fast and sensitive method for oral fluid testing sufficiently passes the SAMHSA guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages S58-S59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of steroids in human serum for clinical research by TurboFlow using the new Transcend VTLX-1 UHPLC system","authors":"Claudio De Nardi,&nbsp;Joe Takarewski","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.092","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To implement an analytical method for quantifying eight steroids in human serum using TurboFlow online sample cleanup on the new Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ VTLX-1 UHPLC system, coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Altis triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The study aims to compare the analytical performance with the same method run on a Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ TLX-1 system in terms of chromatography, limits of quantification, accuracy, and intra-assay precision.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the preferred method for quantifying steroid hormones in biological matrices due to its superior specificity and sensitivity with low sample volumes. However, lab space and budget constraints often hinder its adoption.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To address these issues, we developed the new Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ VTLX-1, an evolution of the Transcend TLX-1 UHPLC system. The VTLX-1 maintains the same functionalities but has a smaller footprint and a more affordable price. It supports online sample cleanup via TurboFlow or online SPE and UHPLC applications without online purification.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this technical note, we compared the performance of the Transcend VTLX-1 and TLX-1 systems using a Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Altis triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Serum samples, prepared by offline protein precipitation with internal standard addition, were injected into both systems. Detection was performed in SRM mode using the TSQ Altis with a HESI-II source in positive ionization mode. Method performance was evaluated based on chromatography, linearity, accuracy, and intra-assay precision using calibrators, controls, and internal standards from the ClinMass® Complete Kit for Steroids in Serum/Plasma from RECIPE Chemicals&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;+&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;Instruments GmbH.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;200&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μL aliquots of redissolved calibrators and controls were protein precipitated using 200&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μL of methanol containing six isotopically labelled internal standards, vortex-mixed and centrifuged. The supernatant was transferred to clean vials pending the injection. The same analytical method, including TurboFlow online sample cleanup, was used on the two UHPLC systems. The total runtime was 5.0&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes. Analytes and internal standards were detected in SRM acquisition mode on a TSQ Altis triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with heated electrospray ionization operated in positive ion mode.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results and Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comparison of peak symmetry and intensity obtained on both front ends for the highest calibrator showed a superior peak symmetry for all analytes using the Transcend VTLX-1, thanks to the optimized fluidics. A linear response with 1/&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;×&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;weighting was obtained for all the analytes on both Transcend systems, with a correlation factor (R2) always above 0.9995. Experimen","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the post-mortem toxicological toolbox: A focus on vitreous humour metabolomics","authors":"Leen Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Development of a tailored sample preparation protocol for untargeted metabolic and lipidomic profiling of post-mortem vitreous humour, and exploration of its metabolomic landscape for forensic applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Traditional post-mortem toxicology primarily focuses on intoxications and relies heavily on the measurement of xenobiotics and their subsequent interpretation. However, to resolve broader forensic inquiries, an additional analytical approach is needed in toxicological investigations. Thanatometabolomics, the systematic analysis of small endogenous metabolites (e.g. lipids, amino acids) in post-mortem biofluids, represents an emerging concept aimed at addressing critical challenges, such as accurately determining the post-mortem interval and elucidating biochemical events preceding death. Although blood remains the gold standard in traditional forensic toxicology, it has notable limitations, including microbial degradation and post-mortem redistribution of compounds, which introduces variability dependent on sampling conditions. Vitreous humour, a more metabolite-stable post-mortem biofluid, offers a promising alternative matrix for thanatometabolomic research. However, a thorough review of the literature reveals a significant lack of established protocols for untargeted metabolomic analysis of vitreous humour, hindering progress in advancing the field of post-mortem toxicology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Three dilution series derived from three established sample preparation procedures: Folch biphasic extraction (CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;: MeOH: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 8: 4: 3, v/v/v), Bligh-Dyer biphasic extraction (CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;: MeOH: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 2: 2: 1.8, v/v/v) and a methanol single-phase extraction were evaluated. Additionally, the metabolite recoveries in each sample preparation were assessed through re-extraction of the remaining protein residue. Data acquisition was then performed with four in-house metabolomic platforms, employing liquid chromatography coupled to Quadrupole-Time of Flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Finally, data preprocessing was conducted with MS-DIAL.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results of this study showed that low concentrations of lipids in vitreous humour necessitate large sample volumes, while polar metabolites are present in higher concentrations, allowing for smaller sample volumes. A diverse array of metabolites was identified, predominantly associated with pathways involved in energy metabolism (e.g. organic acids, carnitine), amino acid metabolism (e.g. tryptophan, lysine, tyrosine), oxidative stress regulation (e.g. methionine, glutathione), and nucleotide metabolism (e.g. hypoxanthine, cytidine, uridine). The lipid fraction was primarily composed of phospholipids, fatty acids, and sphingomyelins, supporting key functions such as energy production, intercellular communication, and the maintenance of structural integrity.","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a quantitative screening method by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from a dried blood spot (DBS)","authors":"Robin Tiphaine,&nbsp;Hubert Chloé,&nbsp;Larabi Islam Amine,&nbsp;Alvarez Jean-Claude","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To develop and validate a quantitative screening method for a panel of 300 compounds by LC-MS/MS using a DBS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A drop of blood (10&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μL) is applied to HemaXis DB 10 filter paper (HMX-DB-10) and left to dry for 3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;hours. The compounds of interest are then extracted by a two-step liquid-liquid extraction: first with 2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mL of a hexane/ethyl acetate mixture (50/50) in an alkaline environment (pH 9.7), followed by 2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mL of a chloroform/isopropanol mixture (80/20). After evaporation of the supernatants, the residue is reconstituted with 80&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μL of a mixture of 2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mM ammonium formate (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (50/50). In all, 10&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μL is then injected into the system. Separation is performed on a HypersilGold PFP column (100&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;×&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;2.1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mm, 1.9&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μm) using a gradient mode with 2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mM formate buffer (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile. Detection is performed in MRM mode using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TSQ Altis, ThermoFisher®).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The method was validated for several panels of compounds, including traditional drugs of abuse (cocaine and its metabolites, 13 amphetamines, 28 opioids), NPS (12 synthetic benzodiazepines, 29 cathinones, 26 synthetic cannabinoids, 26 new synthetic opioids, other NPS), as well as several drug classes (30 benzodiazepines, 37 antipsychotics, 30 antidepressants, 12 antiepileptics, 18 β-blockers, 8 anesthetics, 8 sartans, etc.). The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL (86% of compounds) to 10&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL (14% of compounds), with bias and CV ≤&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;20%. Linearity was validated over a range of 5–10 to 500&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL with satisfactory performance in terms of accuracy and precision (bias and CV ≤&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;15%). Analysis of a 200&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL quality control showed accuracy (bias&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;+&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;precision ≤&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;15%). No carry-over effect was observed in blanks injected after the high point (500&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL). Selectivity was verified using negative blood samples, with no significant interferences. Patient samples were quantified, and results were compared to those obtained by the routine blood screening LC-MS/MS method used in the laboratory. The concentrations obtained were similar between the two techniques. Studies on stability, recovery, and reproducibility are on going.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The use of DBS for toxicological analyses or pharmacological therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is gaining popularity. This is due to several advantages: a simplified sampling procedure, a small sample volume, and good analyte stability on this type of substrate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The adoption of DBS could also improve patient compliance, thanks to the simplicity of the collection (which can be done by the patient themselves), easy transport (by post), and storage witho","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Page S19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of oral fluid samples results by LC-MS/MS and comparison with law enforcement screening: A 6-year study","authors":"Charlotte Mayer,&nbsp;Adeline Knapp-Gisclon,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oral fluid samples are gradually replacing blood samples, saving time, space and representing non-invasive collection. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the substances found in salivary samples analyzed by LC-MS/MS and to compare them with those found in screening tests carried out by law enforcement agencies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study focuses on the results of narcotics research on salivary screenings received in our laboratory, over 6 years (2018–2023). The salivary swabs were discharged into Quantisal buffer, placed in ultrasound baths and centrifuged. Internal standards solution was added. The narcotics were then extracted in solid phase. Analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In all, 2888 oral fluid samples were analyzed, with an increase of oral fluid analyses files since 2021 (16.8% increase).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Over time, requests for narcotics testing had become more targeted, focusing solely on the class of narcotics that were tested positive. In 2018, the majority of requests were for all narcotics (59% of the total number of samples), compared with 25% in 2023. In contrast, the specific demand for cannabis has risen from 35% in 2018 to 66% in 2023.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;By far the most frequently found substance was THC, detected on average in 92.4% of saliva analyzed per year, either alone or in association with one or more other substances, notably CBD. The number of cases with THC found alone had gradually declined, with a parallel increase in the detection of the THC&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;+&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;CBD combination. CBD detection had increased over the years, since it was found only 55 times in 2021 (14%), whereas it represented 64.9% in 2023. CBD alone was found in only 3 of the 2888 saliva analyzed. These increasing CBD and THC association results may be explained by THC smokers using both THC and CBD, in an attempt to evade the law by claiming that the THC found came from their CBD consumption. Cocaine was found in 10.8% of saliva analyzed, MDMA in 1.3%, codeine in 1.9% and morphine in 0.7%. 6-MAM (0.7%), amphetamine (0.4%), acetylcodeine (0.3%) and heroin (0.3%), pholcodine in only 2 cases, methamphetamine in 5, pseudoephedrine in 3 and MDEA in 1 case were also found. Although not requested, ketamine was detected in 5 cases, always associated with cocaine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;For the majority of cases, the LC-MS/MS results correlated with the screenings, but 8,9% (259 of 2888) were false positives (positive screening and absence of the substance in LC-MS/MS), and of these, 2,2% of results were totally negative, probably reflecting false positives linked to the oral fluid screening device or transcription errors. Among these, the most significant were false positives for amphetamines (81% false positives among 128 amphetamine screenings), followed by opiates (31 among 52, 59%) and cocaine (46 among 219, 21%). Although rarer, there were false positives for cannabis (18 out o","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 1","pages":"Pages S19-S20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}