{"title":"A scalable curve-fit model of the substrate coupling resistances for IC design","authors":"V. Gurugubelli, S. Karmalkar","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187517","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach is presented for modeling the resistances of the substrate coupling network employed for noise calculations in the design of mixed-signal and RF ICs. The approach introduces intermediate resistances having progressively simpler current flow patterns than the coupling resistances. Each coupling resistance is then modeled as the product of two resistance ratios and a resistance having simple 1-D vertical or lateral flow, and each resistance ratio is approximated as a simple function of geometrical aspect ratios. Based on this approach, closed-form expressions are derived for coupling resistances associated with parallel stripe contacts on a substrate with or without a bottom contact, in terms of dimensions of the contact configuration and substrate parameters.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134390475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tsukamoto, M. Yabuuchi, H. Fujiwara, K. Nii, C. Shin, T. Liu
{"title":"Quasi-Planar Tri-gate (QPT) bulk CMOS technology for single-port SRAM application","authors":"Y. Tsukamoto, M. Yabuuchi, H. Fujiwara, K. Nii, C. Shin, T. Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187505","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-Planar Tri-gate (QPT) Bulk MOSFETs are fabricated simply by slightly recessing the shallow trench isolation (STI) oxide prior to gate-stack formation. In this cost-effective manner, 7% higher performance with lower leakage current in QPT bulk devices (vs. planar bulk devices) is achieved. QPT-based single-port SRAM characteristics can be improved by employing circuit design techniques (i.e., read- and write-assist circuitry) to compensate for unequal improvements in n-channel vs. p-channel QPT devices, to improve cell yield.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114407142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical Slit Field Effect Transistor in ultra-low power applications","authors":"Xiang Qiu, M. Marek-Sadowska, W. Maly","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187522","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Slit Field Effect Transistors (VeSFETs) are novel twin-gate and junction-less devices with nearly ideal sub-threshold swing and manufactured using SOI infrastructure. In this paper, we analyze VeSFETs as potential components of ultra-low power circuits. We compare circuits built with VeSFETs, FinFETs, and bulk-MOSFETs, all in 65nm technology node. Our experiments demonstrate that VeSFET has the smallest intrinsic capacitance and the lowest minimum energy among the studied devices. The Tied-Gate (TG) VeSFET-based circuit operating at the minimum energy point achieves a lower energy and a higher frequency than its Independent-Gate (IG) VeSFET-based counterpart. IG VeSFET achieves lower energy for circuits working at extremely low and relatively wide frequency range.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"340 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117294316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selçuk Köse, E. Friedman, S. Tarn, Sally Pinzon, B. McDermott
{"title":"An area efficient on-chip hybrid voltage regulator","authors":"Selçuk Köse, E. Friedman, S. Tarn, Sally Pinzon, B. McDermott","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187524","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results of an active filter based on-chip hybrid voltage converter are described in this paper. The area of the voltage converter is significantly less than the area of a conventional passive filter based DC-DC voltage converter or a low-dropout (LDO) regulator. Hence, the proposed circuit is appropriate for point-of-load voltage regulation for the noise sensitive portions of an integrated circuit. The performance of the circuit has been verified with Cadence Spectre simulations and fabricated with a commercial 110 nm CMOS technology. The area of the voltage regulator is 0.015 mm2 and delivers up to 80 mA of output current. The transient response with no output capacitor ranges from 72 ns to 192 ns. The advantages and disadvantages of an active filter based, conventional switching, linear, and switched capacitor voltage converters are compared. The proposed circuit provides a means for distributing multiple local power supplies across an integrated circuit while maintaining high current efficiency and fast response time within a small area.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122183065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal microarchitectural design configuration selection for processor hard-error reliability","authors":"Ying Zhang, Lide Duan, Bin Li, Lu Peng","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187479","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional design space exploration mainly focuses on performance and power consumption. However, as one of the first-class constraints for modern processor design, the relationship between hard-error reliability and processor configurations has not been well studied. In this paper, we investigate this relationship by exploring a large processor design space. We employ a rule search strategy, i.e. Patient Rule Induction Method, to generate a set of rules which choose optimal configurations for processor hard-error reliability and its tradeoff with performance and power consumption.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116816354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional test pattern generation for maximizing temperature in 3D IC chip stack","authors":"S. Srinivasan, S. Kundu","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187482","url":null,"abstract":"In a stacked 3D Integrated Circuit (IC), the total power dissipated per unit surface area typically exceeds that of 2D ICs. This results in creation of a greater number of localized thermal hotspots in individual dies of the 3D IC. The location and temperature of these hotspots depend on the actual workload executing on a 3D IC. Since the power dissipation pattern from the applied workload may vary over time, the location and intensity of thermal hotspots may vary with it. The applied workload may be construed as consisting of phases, where the spatial power dissipation pattern remains constant over a phase and changes only from one phase to another. In this paper (i) we develop a thermal modeling scheme that predicts temperature profile at the end of a program phase, and use (ii) a novel Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to arrange program phases to create worst case temperature at a target location. Experimental results show that, by taking the spatio-temporal effect into account, we can raise temperature of a hotspot much higher than what is possible from purely functional trace. Hotspot temperature maximization is important in design verification and testing.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124495705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process variation aware DRAM design using block based adaptive body biasing algorithm","authors":"S. Desai, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187503","url":null,"abstract":"Large dense structures like DRAMs are particularly susceptible to process variation, which can lead to variable latencies in different memory arrays. However, very little work exists on variation studies in the DRAM. This is due to the fact that DRAMs were traditionally placed off-chip and their latency changes due to process variation did not impact the overall processor performance. However, emerging technology trends like three dimensional integration, use of sophisticated memory controllers and continued scaling of technology nodes, substantially reduces DRAM access latency. Hence future technology nodes will see widespread adoption of embedded DRAMs. This makes process variation a critical upcoming challenge in DRAMs that must be addressed in current and forthcoming technology generations. In this paper, we present techniques for modeling the effect of random as well as spatial variation in large DRAM array structures. We use sensitivity based gate level process variation models combined with statistical timing analysis to estimate the impact of process variation on the DRAM performance and leakage power. We also propose a simulated annealing based Vth assignment algorithm using adaptive body biasing to improve the yield of DRAM structures. Applying our algorithm on a 1GB DRAM array, we report an average of 10.3% improvement in the DRAM yield. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first technique to model the impact of process variation on large scale DRAM arrays.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel sample reuse methodology for fast statistical simulations with applications to manufacturing variability","authors":"R. Kanj, R. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187564","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a highly efficient statistical simulation methodology based on sample reuse. In the event of design re-centering, multiple manufacturing variability corners, or statistical sensitivity analysis the methodology enables design yield estimations at no additional cost to the reference center analysis. Sample points from the reference center statistical simulation can be utilized to estimate the yield at multiple neighboring centers. The capabilities of the methodology are further extended by projecting the new center onto the critical fail/sampling direction of the reference simulation. This improves the accuracy of the estimate and widens the scope of application. Theoretical applications and analysis of state of the art memory designs indicate excellent yield estimate matching and several orders of magnitude of speedup due to sample reuse.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus T. Moreira, B. Oliveira, F. Moraes, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans
{"title":"Impact of C-elements in asynchronous circuits","authors":"Matheus T. Moreira, B. Oliveira, F. Moraes, Ney Laert Vilar Calazans","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187530","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous circuits are a potential solution to address some of the obstacles in deep submicron (DSM) design. One of the most frequently used devices to build asynchronous circuits is the C-element, a device present as a basic building block in several asynchronous design styles. This work measures the impact of three different C-element types. The paper compares the use of each implementation to build a real case asynchronous circuit, an RSA cryptographic core, and reports results of precise electrical simulations of each C-element. Findings in this work show that previous results in the literature about C-element implementation types must be re-evaluated when using C-elements in DSM technologies.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126819887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeren Samandari-Rad, Matthew R. Guthaus, R. Hughey
{"title":"VAR-TX: A variability-aware SRAM model for predicting the optimum architecture to achieve minimum access-time for yield enhancement in nano-scaled CMOS","authors":"Jeren Samandari-Rad, Matthew R. Guthaus, R. Hughey","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187541","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a new hybrid analytical-empirical model, called VAR-TX, that exhaustively computes and compares all feasible architectures subject to inter-die (DID) and intra-die (WID) process variations (PV). Based on its computation, VAR-TX predicts the optimal architecture that provides minimum access-time and minimum access-time variation for yield enhancement in future 16-nm on-chip conventional six-transistor static random access memories (6T-SRAMs) of given input specifications. These specifications include SRAM size and shape, number of columns, and word-size. We compare the impact of D2D and WID variations on access-time for 16-nm SRAM with the 45-nm and 180-nm nodes and demonstrate that the drastic increase in the 1- and 3-sigma of the smaller nodes is mainly due to the increase in the WID variations. Finally, our model disputes previously published works-suggesting that square SRAM always produces minimum delays-and significantly extends and enhances the older models by adding both an extra dimension of architectural consideration and additional device parameter fluctuation to the analysis, while producing delay estimates within 4% of Hspice results.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121038922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}