Fengbo Ren, Henry Park, R. Dorrance, Y. Toriyama, C. Yang, D. Markovic
{"title":"A body-voltage-sensing-based short pulse reading circuit for spin-torque transfer RAMs (STT-RAMs)","authors":"Fengbo Ren, Henry Park, R. Dorrance, Y. Toriyama, C. Yang, D. Markovic","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187506","url":null,"abstract":"With scaling of CMOS and Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices, conventional low-current reading techniques for STT-RAMs face challenges in achieving reliability and performance improvements that are expected from scaled devices. The challenges arise from the increasing variability of the CMOS sensing current and the reduction in MTJ switching current. This paper proposes a short-pulse reading circuit, based on a body-voltage sensing scheme to mitigate the scaling issues. Compared to existing sensing techniques, our technique shows substantially higher read margin (RM) despite a much shorter sensing time. A narrow current pulse applied to an MTJ significantly reduces the probability of read disturbance. The RM analysis is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations in a 65-nm CMOS technology with both CMOS and MTJ variations considered. Simulation results show that our technique is able to provide over 300 mV RM at a GHz frequency across process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations, while the reference designs require 4.3 ns and 2.3 ns sensing time for a 200 mV RM, respectively. The effective read energy per bit required by the proposed sensing circuit is around 195 ft in the nominal case.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128431044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal analysis of 3D integrated circuits based on discontinuous Galerkin finite element method","authors":"A. Zjajo, N. V. D. Meijs, R. V. Leuken","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187483","url":null,"abstract":"Even though vertical 3D integration offers increased device density, reduced signal delay, and design flexibility, heat and thermal concerns are, nevertheless, aggravated. In this context, accurate computation of temperature profile is required to establish thermal design rules governing the feasibility of integration options. Within this framework, a novel methodology based on discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for accurate thermal profile estimation of 3D integrated circuits is proposed. The method is utilized to simulate geometrically complicated physical structures with limited complexity overhead.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128585543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsutomu Ishida, Izumi Nitta, Katsumi Homma, Yuzi Kanazawa, H. Komatsu
{"title":"Speed-path analysis for multi-path failed latches with random variation","authors":"Tsutomu Ishida, Izumi Nitta, Katsumi Homma, Yuzi Kanazawa, H. Komatsu","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187547","url":null,"abstract":"In processor and high-end chip designs, path delay difference between pre-silicon and post-silicon have become an important issue. Identifying the factors for the difference with speed limiting paths is required to achieve target performance. A statistical diagnosis framework, called speed-path analysis, identifies them. Speed-path analysis uses fail data from at-speed delay test with silicon samples. Since at-speed delay test activates multiple paths simultaneously, it makes many failed latches with multiple sensitized paths. We will refer to these failed latches as multi-path failed latches. Previous works have not discussed how to handle multi-path failed latches because they are discussions under the assumption that path delay differences are obtained correctly. Generating additional test patterns to activate a single path for each latch is a very time-consuming task. Without using multi-path failed latches from at-speed delay test, the fatal factors for path delay differences with speed limiting paths can be missed because the number of non multi-path failed latches is small. This paper proposes methods for handling multi-path failed latches. By experiments based on a test processor design, we can deal with 12% of the timing-critical latches adopted as failed latches while 1% using only non multi-path failed latches.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124443996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Device- and system-level performance modeling for graphene P-N junction logic","authors":"C. Pan, A. Naeemi","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187504","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the property of angular dependent transmission probability of electrons observed in graphene PN junctions, a modified MUX-based graphene logic device is introduced. A more elaborate resistance model including ON resistance, leakage resistance and contact resistance is given as well as a capacitance model of the device. Compared with Si CMOS switches, MUX-based logic graphene gates have potentially lower output resistances and a smaller device area. Since interconnects play an ever increasing important role in digital circuit, for the first time, module-level and system-level analyses are made for better evaluating the potential performance of graphene logic devices. Based on the analysis of a 32-bit Han-Carlson adder, module-level evaluation has been done and comparison has been made between graphene logic circuits complemented by multilayer graphene interconnects and CMOS logic circuits with Cu/low k interconnects. The results indicate that MUX-based graphene logic circuits can outperform CMOS circuits in terms of both delay and power consumption. Both devices being evaluated are based on the 15nm technology node. For the system-level analysis, the graphene logic system can have 50% higher throughput than its Si CMOS counterpart with the same power density and die size area.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128084194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new voltage binning technique for yield improvement based on graph theory","authors":"Ruijing Shen, S. Tan, Xuexin Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187501","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new voltage binning technique to improve yield. Voltage binning technique tries to assign different supply voltages to different chips in order to improve the yield. A novel valid voltage segment concept is proposed, which is determined by the timing and power constraints of chips. Then we develop a formulation to predict the maximum number of bins required under the uniform binning scheme from the distribution of length of valid supply voltage segment. With the new concept, an optimal binning scheme can be modeled as a set-cover problem. A greedy algorithm is developed to solve the set-cover problem in an incremental way. The new method is also extendable to deal with a range of working supply voltages for dynamic voltage scaling under different operation modes (like lower power and high performance modes). Experimental results on some benchmarks in 45nm technology show that the proposed method can correctly predict the upper bound on the number of bins required. The optimal binning scheme can lead to significant saving for the number of bins compared to the uniform one to achieve the same yield with very small CPU cost.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128179481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sujay Deb, Kevin Chang, A. Ganguly, Xinmin Yu, C. Teuscher, P. Pande, D. Heo, B. Belzer
{"title":"Design of an efficient NoC architecture using millimeter-wave wireless links","authors":"Sujay Deb, Kevin Chang, A. Ganguly, Xinmin Yu, C. Teuscher, P. Pande, D. Heo, B. Belzer","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187490","url":null,"abstract":"The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an enabling technology to integrate large numbers of embedded cores on a single die. Traditional multi-core designs based on the NoC paradigm suffer from high latency and power dissipation due to the inherent multi-hop nature of communication. The performance of NoC fabrics can be significantly enhanced by introducing long-range, low power, and high-bandwidth single-hop links between far apart cores. In this paper we present a design methodology and performance evaluation for a hierarchical small-world NoC with on-chip millimeter (mm)-wave wireless channels as long-range communication links. The proposed wireless NoC offers significantly better performance in terms of achievable bandwidth and energy dissipation compared to its conventional multi-hop wired counterpart in both uniform and non-uniform traffic scenarios. The performance improvement is achieved through efficient data routing, an optimum placement of the wireless hubs, and an energy-efficient transceiver design.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131358647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A highly reliable SEU hardened latch and high performance SEU hardened flip-flop","authors":"Riadul Islam","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187516","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel single event upset (SEU) hardened latch. The latch consists of a new 12 transistor (12T) SEU hardened storage cell and a C-element. It is insensitive to single event transient (SET) affecting it's internal and output nodes. The differential writing capability of the proposed storage cell is very attractive for designing flip-flops. In addition, we present a high performance SEU hardened D type edge triggered flip-flop, particularly attractive for low data switching activity. The flip-flop utilizes an output feedback connection to the input register stage, in order to reduce power consumption at low data switching activity and eliminate the hold time constraint from traditional clocked CMOS register. We have implemented the proposed latch and the flip-flop in a standard 65 nm CMOS technology. We have investigated power consumptions, propagation delay, SET sensitivity and the area penalty of the proposed latch and flip-flop comparing with the recently reported SEU hardened latches and flip-flops. The proposed latch exhibits as much as 17% lower power-delay product (PDP) compared to recently reported SEU hardened latch, and the proposed flip-flop exhibits lower or comparable PDP compared to recently reported SEU hardened flip-flop while offering more robustness to particle induced SET.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Device and electromagnetic co-simulation of TSV: Substrate noise study and compact modeling of a TSV in a matrix","authors":"P. L. Maitre, M. Brocard, A. Farcy, J. Marin","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results obtained from the simulation of TSV structures in face-to-back stacked dice. A novel simulation tool enabling device and electromagnetic (EM) co-simulation is used. We introduce a method to extract, from S-parameter simulation, a physics-based compact model of the TSV in a matrix and study the impact of layout variations on the TSV equivalent electrical model.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132764846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assertion clustering for compacted test sequence generation","authors":"J. G. Tong, Marc Bottle, Z. Zilic","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187567","url":null,"abstract":"Assertions are now widely used in verification as a means to help convey designer intent (as specification snippets) and also to simplify the detection of erroneous conditions by the firing of assertions. With this expressive modeling power, assertions can also be used for different tasks, such as helping to assess test coverage and even as a source for test generation. Our work deals with this last aspect, namely assertion based test generation. In this paper, we present our compacted test generation strategy based on assertions. Our compaction approach is experimentally evaluated using nearly three hundred assertions to show the amount of reduction that can be obtained in the size of the test sets. This ultimately has a positive impact on verification time, in the quest for bug free designs.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132314588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CMOS op-amp circuit synthesis with geometric programming models for layout-dependent effects","authors":"Yu Zhang, Bo Liu, Bo Yang, Jing Li, S. Nakatake","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187534","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses CMOS analog circuit synthesis in the nanometer process based on geometric programming models. In the current era of electronic integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing, the channel length modulation λ as well as the layout-dependent effects (LDE) such as the shallow trench isolation (STI) stress and the well proximity effect (WPE) must be considered in the circuit synthesis because of the more and more shrinking process. The STI is a popular isolation between active regions in advanced CMOS technologies but it causes stress and influences the mobility. The WPE is the characteristics variation for devices located near the edge of the well mask. In this paper, we provide the posynomial models of the analog circuit specification taking the λ into account as well as introducing the curve fitting to the STI stress and the WPE based on the BSIM model. In the design case of a typical CMOS op-amp, with these LDE-aware models, we optimized the circuit by the geometric programming (GP) and showed that the optimal results satisfied the specification by the simulation.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}