{"title":"A design-for-test apparatus for measuring on-chip temperature with fine granularity","authors":"James S. Tandon, M. Sasaki, M. Ikeda, K. Asada","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187470","url":null,"abstract":"We present a design-for-test apparatus for measuring real-time, on-chip heat map images with high granularity. Our test chip implemented an 8 × 8 matrix of temperature sensors on-chip in a 0.18μm process with minimal area and power consumption overhead. We then implemented a test interface for measuring individual temperatures with an off-chip ADC and a custom FPGA-based microcontroller with serial UART and ethernet capabilities. This apparatus was used to animate the variation in temperature across the die over time. While temperature sensors have been integrated extensively in VLSI circuits, a single sensor cannot take accurate measurements across an entire chip. Infrared cameras are excellent for direct measurement of temperature across a die, however with new, so-called 3D integrated circuit technology, an infrared camera cannot measure the temperature inside a three dimensional stack. Since performance, reliability, and power consumption are all related to temperature, operating constraints for temperature must be verified to ensure proper device operation. Our design-for-test apparatus demonstrates that fine-grain, real-time measurements of temperature on-chip can be accomplished in real-time with less than 0.5% area overhead in a 1.5 × 1.5mm2 total core area, and less than 1mW power consumption added to the device under test (DUT).","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129933078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-placement lithographic hotspot detection and removal in one-dimensional gridded designs","authors":"Jen-Yi Wuu, Mark Simmons, M. Marek-Sadowska","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187494","url":null,"abstract":"As double patterning techniques mature, they become the primary approaches enabling feature size scaling beyond 32nm. Although it is possible to print dense patterns by splitting the design into two masks, printability problems and pattern distortion remains a major concern. In this paper, we study the potential lithographic hotspots that may occur between the line ends in one-dimensional gridded designs obtained with Line-End Cut (LEC) method [2]. We propose a post-placement hotspot detection and removal algorithm that perturbs the cell locations to eliminate all hotspots. Hotspot detection is performed using a pattern classifier based on machine learning techniques. Experimental results show that we can successfully eliminate all hotspots with excellent runtime efficiency and insignificant overhead on estimated wire lengths.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133424736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On lithography aware metal-fill insertion","authors":"Vikram B. Suresh, P. Vijayakumar, S. Kundu","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187495","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturability and lithographic printability are growing concerns with advancing technology nodes. The two most important parameters which influence the printability of a design are lithographic process corner and pattern density of the design. Dummy metal-fills are used to improve post-chemical mechanical polishing surface planarity. Conventional metal-fills do not consider impact of fill on lithographic printability or critical area-this is the focus of our paper. Although systematic yield due to lithographic distortions is gaining prominence, paniculate defects still remain a significant source of yield loss. Increasing design density in conjunction with growing manufacturability issues necessitates lithography aware paniculate limited yield loss analysis. In this work, we propose a novel lithography aware metal-fill insertion technique taking both statistical lithographic variations and critical area into consideration. Specifically, the main contributions of this work are a) analyzing the influence of metal-fills on line width variation and critical area, b) synthesis of variational lithography-aware metal-fill to improve design yield. The solution is been built on existing commercial tools. Experiments on ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits reveal that in 45nm technology, metal-fills worsen the linewidth variation by as much as 15% for more than 30% of nets compared to no fill. By contrast, proposed lithography aware metal-fill reduces linewidth variation by -25% and critical area by -35% compared to conventional metal-fill solutions without sacrificing density, planarity and performance targets.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131178227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samatha Gummalla, Anupama R. Subramaniam, Yu Cao, C. Chakrabarti
{"title":"An analytical approach to efficient circuit variability analysis in scaled CMOS design","authors":"Samatha Gummalla, Anupama R. Subramaniam, Yu Cao, C. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187560","url":null,"abstract":"CMOS scaling has led to increasingly high variability in device and circuit performance. To improve design robustness, it is important to consider variation in the design flow. In this paper a closed-form solution is proposed to predict the variability in gate timing, which significantly reduces computation cost in statistical analysis. The proposed model covers both nominal delay and its variability across a wide range of device sizes, load capacitances and input transition times. Stack effect, such as that in NAND and NOR gates, is taken into account thereby making the model sensitive to the switching patterns. For ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits, implemented using a 45nm library, the model demonstrates high accuracy with less than 3.5% error for nominal delay and within 5ps variation of the critical path. Finally, use of the proposed model in design flow is demonstrated for setup time violations.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127262649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A complete power estimation methodology for DSP blocks in FPGAs","authors":"Hassan Hassan, N. Abdallah","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187502","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a complete commercial power model for DSP blocks in FPGAs. A pin activities model is developed to estimate the transitions densities at the output of the DSP blocks given the switching activities at the inputs. Such a pin activities model is important in estimating power dissipation during the pre-layout design phase. The power model estimates the total power dissipation in the DSP blocks using the knowledge of all the transitions densities of the inputs and outputs, which are estimated by the proposed pin activities model. The average error of the proposed power model on the design level is less than 2%.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131577249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algorithmic study on the routing reliability problem","authors":"Q. Ma, Zigang Xiao, Martin D. F. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187537","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional CMOS devices are facing an increasing number of challenges as the feature sizes scale down. In the meantime, new nanoscale materials, like graphene nanoribbons (GNR), have been shown to have large integration capability, and thus will probably replace CMOS devices in the future. However, in practice, the GNR wire segments can have a connection defective rate. Particularly, each wire segment has a survival probability, and thus has a chance to fail. This makes the routing in traditional ways very unreliable. In this paper, we study the routing reliability problem and propose an algorithm flow to solve it. Given a s-t routing path on a routing graph, we try to reinforce the reliability of the routing path by adding redundant wiring segments in such a way that its survival probability is maximized with a reasonable overhead of routing resources. Our proposed algorithm flow is two-fold: (1) generation of candidate redundancy segment via min-cost max-flow; (2) optimal selection among the candidates by dynamic programming. The results of extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114415247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleg Garitselov, S. Mohanty, E. Kougianos, Oghenekarho Okobiah
{"title":"Metamodel-assisted ultra-fast memetic optimization of a PLL for WiMax and MMDS applications","authors":"Oleg Garitselov, S. Mohanty, E. Kougianos, Oghenekarho Okobiah","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187552","url":null,"abstract":"With CMOS technologies progressing deeper into the nano-scale domain the design of analog and mixed-signal components is becoming very challenging. The presence of parasitics and the complexity of calculations involved create an enormous challenge for designers to keep their design within specifications when reaching the physical layout stage of the design process. This paper proposes a novel ultra-fast design flow that uses memetic-based optimization algorithms over neural-network based non-polynomial metamodels for design-space exploration. A new heuristic optimization algorithm which is based on memetic algorithms and artificial bee colony optimization is introduced. The design flow relies on a multiple-layer feedforward neural network metamodel of the nano-CMOS circuit. Using a CMOS PLL circuit it is shown that the proposed design flow is flexible and robust while it achieves optimal design to two different wireless specifications, WiMax and MMDS. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is 2.4 × faster than the swarm based optimization over the same metamodels.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delay insensitive code-based timing and soft error-resilient and adaptive-performance logic","authors":"Bao Liu, Xuemei Chen, F. Teshome","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187475","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscale VLSI systems are subject to increasingly prevalent catastrophic defects, soft errors, and significant parametric variations, which cannot be reduced below certain levels according to quantum physics, and must be handled by new design methods. In this paper, we leverage the existing fault-secure logic design techniques, and propose resilient and adaptive-performance (RAP) logic based on delay-insensitive (DI) code and inversion-free logic. RAP logic clears all timing errors and achieves adaptive maximum performance in the absence of external soft errors at a higher area/power cost compared with the existing logic paradigms. Our experimental results further demonstrate that dual-rail static (Domino) RAP logic outperforms alternative delay-insensitive (DI) code-based static (Domino) RAP logic with less area, higher performance and lower power consumption in all test cases, and achieves an average of 2.29(2.41)× performance boost, 2.12(1.91)× layout area and 2.38(2.34)× power consumption compared with the traditional minimum area static logic based on the Nangate 45nm open cell library.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127074720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelvin Nelson, Jaga Shanmugavadivelu, J. Mekkoth, V. Ghanta, Jun Wu, Fei Zhuang, H. Chao, Shianling Wu, J. Rao, Lizhen Yu, Laung-Terng Wang
{"title":"Physical-design-friendly hierarchical logic built-in self-test—A case study","authors":"Kelvin Nelson, Jaga Shanmugavadivelu, J. Mekkoth, V. Ghanta, Jun Wu, Fei Zhuang, H. Chao, Shianling Wu, J. Rao, Lizhen Yu, Laung-Terng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an application of a physical-design-friendly hierarchical logic built-in self-test (BIST) architecture and validation methodology on a networking system-on-chip (SOC) design. The design consists of two embedded cores, each containing approximately 45 million primitives and 2.5 million flip-flops. The implemented architecture supports an at-speed staggered launch-on-capture clocking scheme and includes novel features to reduce turnaround time during engineering change order (ECO) and the device's BIST runtime. It also embeds test and diagnosis features to facilitate debugging of the device at the system level. The BIST hierarchy includes wrappers surrounding each core with access from chip-top allowing for both parallel and serial validations of the cores. This case study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of using the implemented features for speedy ECO, synergy with physical design flow, and ease of test and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126670970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Majumder, Nisarg D. Pandya, B. Kaushik, S. Manhas
{"title":"Analysis of crosstalk delay and area for MWNT and bundled SWNT in global VLSI interconnects","authors":"M. Majumder, Nisarg D. Pandya, B. Kaushik, S. Manhas","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2012.6187508","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising interconnect material for future deep-submicron and nano scale technology. They are more advantageous than copper or other interconnect materials because of their robustness to electromigration. In this paper, the RLC interconnect models are presented on basis of multi-walled CNT (MWNT) and bundled single-walled CNT (SWNT) by including the concept of CMOS driver. By performing HSPICE simulations, the effect of crosstalk is examined for the both kinds of CNTs. A comparative analysis has been done for crosstalk delay and area for these both kinds of CNTs. From simulation results, it has been observed that numbers of SWNTs in bundle are more than the number of shells in MWNTs for same performance of crosstalk delay. Furthermore, irrespective of the type of CNTs, crosstalk delay is extensively affected by transition time, diameter of CNTs and spacing between two lines (generally referred as aggressor and victim).","PeriodicalId":205874,"journal":{"name":"Thirteenth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121835865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}