Plant Pathology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Empathy in the Soil, Agents on the Desktop: Why Plant Pathology Needs a Scientist-in-the-Loop AI Paradigm.","authors":"Junhyun Jeon","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OC.07.2026.0091","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OC.07.2026.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant pathology faces a cognitive bottleneck caused by the growing volume of biological data. Addressing it requires a shift from passive chatbots to autonomous AI research agents that operate in Goal-Action-State cycles. Researchers can set up a local, desktop-based agentic framework that combines semantic discovery, LLM-Wiki knowledge synthesis, and in silico prevalidation, managed under a human-directed three-tier organizational model. Strict \"Scientist-in-the-Loop\" boundaries, which means that a human researcher sets the goals, reviews AI-generated output before it is treated as evidence, and approves any consequential action, preserve human academic rigor and control, so plant pathologists can leave routine data processing to the system and focus on creative hypothesis design and physical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 5","pages":"555-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of Species Boundaries in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex: Insights from Korean Isolates Using Multilocus Phylogenetics, GCPSR, and Coalescent-Based Approaches.","authors":"Le Dinh Thao, Yunhee Choi, Jae Sung Lee, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Daseul Lee, Donghun Kang, In-Young Choi, Seung-Beom Hong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0084","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) comprises globally distributed fungi exhibiting diverse ecological lifestyles, including plant pathogenic, endophytic, saprotrophic, and opportunistic associations. However, species boundaries within the complex remain controversial due to limited genetic divergence, morphological similarity, and incongruence among gene genealogies. In this study, species diversity and evolutionary relationships within the FOSC were reassessed using multilocus phylogenetic analyses, the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) concept, and multispecies coalescent-based species delimitation approaches (STACEY and BPP) based on five loci (tef1, rpb1, rpb2, CaM, and tub2). The concatenated multilocus phylogeny formed the primary basis for recognizing 32 phylogenetic species among 49 previously described taxa, representing the species boundaries adopted in this study. Additional GCPSR and multispecies coalescent analyses provided further insight into the relationships among these phylogenetic species and supported the proposal of an 18-lineage scenario as a set of putative evolutionary lineages. However, these putative evolutionary lineages require further taxonomic evaluation before formal taxonomic changes can be proposed. Among the 92 Korean isolates examined, 11 species were identified, including nine species newly recorded in Korea. Of these, F. cugenangense was the most frequently recovered species and exhibited the broadest host/substrate associations. This study improves our understanding of species boundaries and evolutionary relationships within the FOSC while expanding current knowledge of species diversity and host/substrate associations in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"617-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Streptomyces virginiae JCK-8401 for the Suppression of Tomato Bacterial Wilt.","authors":"Loan Thi Thanh Nguyen, Ae Ran Park, Ha Hang Le, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen, Jin-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0082","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive soil-borne disease affecting numerous crops worldwide. Although synthetic pesticides and antibiotics are commonly used for disease management, their excessive application has raised concerns regarding environmental pollution, human health risks, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. As a sustainable alternative, rhizosphere microorganisms have gained attention as potential biocontrol agents. In our previous study, strain JCK-8401 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. In the present study, its biocontrol potential was comprehensively characterized through analyses of physiological and biochemical traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, induction of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses using Arabidopsis thaliana PR1::GUS reporter line, and in vivo suppression of tomato bacterial wilt. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, JCK-8401 was identified as Streptomyces virginiae. The strain utilized diverse carbon sources and produced hydrolytic enzymes and indole-3-acetic acid. Furthermore, it exhibited antibacterial activity against various phytopathogenic bacteria and oomycetes, though it lacked antifungal activity. Both cell suspension and culture filtrate of the strain induced GUS expression, indicating activation of the SA-mediated defense pathway. In vivo assay demonstrated that seed treatment with JCK-8401 achieved 96.40% control efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt. Additionally, pretreatment with diluted culture filtrates (250-, 500-, and 1000-fold) effectively suppressed disease incidence regardless of the application method, strongly suggesting the activation of induced systemic resistance. Overall, Streptomyces virginiae JCK-8401 is a highly promising, multifunctional biocontrol agent for managing soil-borne diseases through a synergistic combination of antibiosis, bioinoculation, and the induction of host plant defense responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"660-672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide Distribution and Fungicide Resistance of Colletotrichum Species Causing Apple Bitter Rot in Korea (2015-2024).","authors":"Abdulkareem Abdullahi, Sohyeon An, Soobin Park, Heung Tae Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2026.0069","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2026.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple bitter rot, caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major constraint to apple production in Korea. This study investigated the nationwide distribution and fungicide resistance of Colletotrichum species collected from five major apple-producing regions over 10 years (2015-2024). Among 319 isolates, C. fructicola (54%) and C. siamense (37%) were identified as the predominant species through multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and species-specific PCR. A distinct geographical pattern was observed: C. siamense predominated in northern regions, while C. fructicola was more prevalent in southern regions, although the frequency of C. fructicola has recently increased in the north. Fungicide sensitivity assays revealed that C. fructicola isolates exhibited high dual resistance to pyraclostrobin and benomyl, whereas C. siamense remained sensitive to both. Molecular analysis confirmed that resistance was associated with G143A mutations in the cyt b gene and E198A mutations in the tub2 gene, respectively. Field fitness evaluations, including mycelial growth, pathogenicity, and sporulation at various temperatures, showed no significant differences between the two species. These results demonstrate a clear fungicide-driven species replacement, where the ecological success of C. fructicola is attributed to its dual resistance rather than physiological superiority. This study provides critical evidence of how long-term selection pressure reshapes pathogen population dynamics, necessitating a re-evaluation of current management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"645-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148830999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion of Clavibacter michiganensis into the Xylem and Surrounding Tissues Drives Histological Alterations and Disease Development in Tomato.","authors":"Minho Chung, Eom-Ji Oh, In Woong Park, In Sun Hwang, Chang-Sik Oh","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0089","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2026.0089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clavibacter michiganensis is a xylem-colonizing and seed-borne phytopathogen that causes bacterial canker disease in tomato plants. In this study, we aimed to determine the colonization patterns of C. michiganensis, as well as the histological changes in tomato plants during infection. To achieve these, GFP-tagged C. michiganensis was inoculated into tomato plants using three methods: stem injection, soil drenching with or without prior root cutting, and cotton-pad inoculation. After inoculation, bacterial colonization was observed using GFP signals, and histological changes were examined using propidium iodide staining. Following the stem injection, C. michiganensis colonized the xylem and spread to adjacent pith tissues, causing degradation and canker symptoms at the inoculation sites, while largely limited to the xylem in the upper stem regions. After soil drenching with prior root cutting, C. michiganensis initially colonized the xylem, spread systemically, and later caused tissue collapse and wilting, subsequently being detected in adjacent pith tissues. Using the cottonpad method, C. michiganensis entered through epidermal structures, initially colonized the cortex tissues, and subsequently reached the xylem. Although wilting was occurred, histological changes were primarily confined to the cortex tissues. Regardless of the inoculation methods, C. michiganensis colonized the xylem for systemic spread and caused wilting and sometimes canker symptoms, probably resulting from collapse of cortex, vascular, and pith tissues. These findings suggest that C. michiganensis enters through natural openings or wounds, then colonizes the cortex, invades the xylem, and subsequently colonizes the pith, resulting in tissue alterations and symptom development in tomato plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"698-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Host Associations of the Genus Colletotrichum in Korea.","authors":"Le Dinh Thao, Hyorim Choi, Jae Sung Lee, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Donghun Kang, Daseul Lee, In-Young Choi, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Ulrike Damm, Seung-Beom Hong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.07.2026.0100","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.07.2026.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colletotrichum is one of the most economically important genera of plant pathogenic fungi worldwide, yet its species diversity and host associations remain incompletely understood in many regions. In Korea, historical records based largely on morphological identification have underestimated species diversity and obscured host-association patterns. In this review, we provide an integrative reassessment of Colletotrichum diversity and host associations in Korea, combining published literature with recent taxonomic re-evaluations of 237 Colletotrichum isolates preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Of the 86 Colletotrichum species reported in Korea, 73 are currently accepted species worldwide; 61 are supported by DNA sequence data and belong to 15 species complexes and one singleton lineage, whereas the remaining records require taxonomic verification. Among the KACC isolates, 52 species are represented, comprising 36 species previously reported from Korea, 14 species newly recorded in Korea, and two newly described species. Our synthesis reveals extensive historical misidentification uncovered by multilocus re-evaluation. The 61 molecularly identified species are associated with 120 plant species across 102 genera and 54 families, forming 203 validated fungus-host combinations. Among the recorded species complexes, the C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum complexes have the largest numbers of host associations in Korea. Major crops associated with Colletotrichum include pepper, apple, grape, persimmon, strawberry, peach, and ginseng, each often harboring multiple distinct Colletotrichum species. These findings underscore how advances in molecular systematics have substantially reshaped our understanding of Colletotrichum diversity and host associations in temperate agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 5","pages":"560-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Spatial Distribution and Genetic Characterization of Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infecting Chili (Capsicum annuum) in Lampung Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Selvi Helina, Hasriadi Mat Akin, Yuyun Fitriana, Tri Maryono, Titik Nur Aeny, Suskandini Ratih, Riska Awalia Putri","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.ER.08.2025.0190","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.ER.08.2025.0190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 5","pages":"762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acalypha australis as a Potential Reservoir Host of Hop Stunt Viroid in Vineyards.","authors":"Gwang-Ho Yeom, Ju-Ho Bae, Sang-Yun Cho, Rae-Dong Jeong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.NT.07.2026.0098","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.NT.07.2026.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vineyard-associated weeds can serve as reservoirs for grapevine pathogens, but their role in virus and viroid ecology remains unclear. This study aims to examine the presence of grapevine-associated viruses and viroids in symptomatic Acalypha australis plants growing under grapevines in Yeongdong, South Korea. RT-PCR screening conducted on neighboring grapevines revealed mixed infections with multiple viruses and viroids. In A. australis, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, and grapevine virus E were detected via RT-PCR, with additional support from nanopore sequencing. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the HSVd isolates from A. australis and grapevine collected from the same vineyard were genetically identical. Mechanical inoculation confirmed HSVd infection in healthy A. australis plants. Additional screening identified HSVd infection in A. australis from Yeongcheon and Haman, and in neighboring grapevines. These findings suggest that A. australis may serve as a potential reservoir host of HSVd in vineyard agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 5","pages":"754-761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight Through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Application.","authors":"Sung-Won Park, Wooman An, Sungyu Choi, Soyoon Park, Hyeongju Choi, Jae-Ha Choi, Haifeng Liu, Hyeong-Rok Jang, Se-Yeon Lee, Jinseon Park, Se-Woon Hong, Hyunkyu Sang","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0041","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungicides have been a reliable and efficient option for controlling various fungal plant pathogens, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have improved the cost and labor efficiency of fungicide application. However, UAV-mediated disease control systems still have the potential to improve application efficiency and control efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro sensitivity of garlic leaf blight pathogens (Stemphylium spp.) to different fungicides and performed pot and field assays using mobile spraying equipment (MSE) and an agricultural UAV to select the appropriate fungicide and concentration for controlling garlic leaf blight. Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole. In the pot assay using the MSE, metconazole and ipflufenoquin were the most effective among the five ficacy, respectively. Further concentration experiments showed high control efficacy of metconazole and ipflufenoquin at the labeled concentration, indicating that the MSE successfully simulated UAV spraying conditions. Under field conditions, UAV-mediated fungicide application showed higher control efficacy (45.54%) and a lower mean AUDPC value for metconazole at the labeled concentration. Consistent fungicide application was verified by calculating the surface coverage area of water-sensitive papers after application by the MSE or UAV. This study provides a basis for developing a more efficient and effective UAV-based fungicide application system.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Target Bactericidal Mechanisms of Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria: Transcriptomic Insights into Severe Metabolic Suppression and Divisome Arrest.","authors":"Yu Na Kim, Hyo-Song Nam, Jang Hoon Lee, Seon Hwa Kim, Young Cheol Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0034","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is increasingly recognized as a potent natural antimicrobial, its precise multi-target mechanisms against the destructive agricultural pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria remain unclear. This study comprehensively elucidated the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of X. euvesicatoria 173 to CEO-induced stress. We investigated its antibacterial efficacy and specific modes of action using microdilution assays, scanning electron microscopy, biochemical viability tracking, and RNAseq. CEO exhibited robust dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 400 mg/L and a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 164 mg/L. Analyses revealed that CEO severely compromised cell membrane integrity, leading to a rapid 100-fold increased hypersensitivity to osmotic stress and significant suppression of biofilm formation. Furthermore, sub-lethal CEO exposure induced a severe energy crisis by disrupting membrane-dependent ATP synthesis-measured as a significant reduction in F1F0-ATPase activity-and caused abnormal cellular elongation, indicating cell division arrest. These distinct phenotypes were supported by comparative transcriptomics at the sub-lethal EC50 dose, which revealed 209 highly significant differentially expressed genes (|log2FC| > 3.321). CEO massively downregulated genes associated with the electron transport chain and core energy metabolism (nuo, ndh, cyd, and cyo operons), the ftsZ divisome network, and biofilm-associated type IV pilus and chemotaxis. Conversely, oxidative stress defense genes (kat and ahpD) were upregulated. In conclusion, CEO exerts its bactericidal activity through a synergistic, multi-target action-simultaneously dismantling membrane energetics, inducing severe metabolic suppression, and repressing vital developmental architectures. These findings highlight the significant potential of CEO as a sustainable, resistance-breaking biopesticide for crop protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"459-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}