Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0034
Yu Na Kim, Hyo-Song Nam, Jang Hoon Lee, Seon Hwa Kim, Young Cheol Kim
{"title":"Multi-Target Bactericidal Mechanisms of Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria: Transcriptomic Insights into Severe Metabolic Suppression and Divisome Arrest.","authors":"Yu Na Kim, Hyo-Song Nam, Jang Hoon Lee, Seon Hwa Kim, Young Cheol Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0034","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2026.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is increasingly recognized as a potent natural antimicrobial, its precise multi-target mechanisms against the destructive agricultural pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria remain unclear. This study comprehensively elucidated the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of X. euvesicatoria 173 to CEO-induced stress. We investigated its antibacterial efficacy and specific modes of action using microdilution assays, scanning electron microscopy, biochemical viability tracking, and RNAseq. CEO exhibited robust dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 400 mg/L and a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 164 mg/L. Analyses revealed that CEO severely compromised cell membrane integrity, leading to a rapid 100-fold increased hypersensitivity to osmotic stress and significant suppression of biofilm formation. Furthermore, sub-lethal CEO exposure induced a severe energy crisis by disrupting membrane-dependent ATP synthesis-measured as a significant reduction in F1F0-ATPase activity-and caused abnormal cellular elongation, indicating cell division arrest. These distinct phenotypes were supported by comparative transcriptomics at the sub-lethal EC50 dose, which revealed 209 highly significant differentially expressed genes (|log2FC| > 3.321). CEO massively downregulated genes associated with the electron transport chain and core energy metabolism (nuo, ndh, cyd, and cyo operons), the ftsZ divisome network, and biofilm-associated type IV pilus and chemotaxis. Conversely, oxidative stress defense genes (kat and ahpD) were upregulated. In conclusion, CEO exerts its bactericidal activity through a synergistic, multi-target action-simultaneously dismantling membrane energetics, inducing severe metabolic suppression, and repressing vital developmental architectures. These findings highlight the significant potential of CEO as a sustainable, resistance-breaking biopesticide for crop protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"459-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-06-22DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0062
Sohyeon An, Heung Tae Kim
{"title":"Shifting Populations and Increasing Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Causing Pepper Anthracnose Under Rising Temperatures and Fungicide Selection Pressure.","authors":"Sohyeon An, Heung Tae Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0062","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pepper anthracnose, a devastating and economically important disease in Korea, is caused by diverse Colletotrichum species that differ significantly in their pathogenicity and environmental adaptation. In a three-year study from 2022 to 2024, pathogens were isolated and species characteristics were investigated. Using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and species-specific PCR, seven species were identified: C. scovillei, C. nymphaeae, and C. fioriniae in the C. acutatum species complex; C. fructicola, C. aenigma, and C. gloeosporioides in the C. gloeosporioides species complex; and C. truncatum. C. scovillei remained dominant, but species diversity increased in 2024, with non-dominant species such as C. fructicola and C. truncatum increasing in specific regions. Temperature-dependent assays revealed distinct ecological niches, showing that while C. scovillei prefers a moderate 25°C, high temperature-adapted species like C. fructicola and C. truncatum exhibit enhanced growth and pathogenicity at 30°C. Fungicide sensitivity tests showed that tebuconazole and fluazinam remained effective against all species of Colletotrichum, whereas pyraclostrobin (QoI) resistance was widespread. The mycelial growth inhibition of C. scovillei by pyraclostrobin ranged from 29.5% to 43.3% during 2022-2024, indicating reduced sensitivity. All C. truncatum isolates were resistant, consistently associated with the G143A mutation in the cytb gene. These findings indicate that climate warming and fungicide selection pressure are driving shifts toward more resilient populations, highlighting the need for climate-adaptive disease management through monitoring and fungicide rotation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"508-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-06-04DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0047
Min-Jae Kim, Nam-Yeon Kim, Rae-Dong Jeong
{"title":"Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Enhance Foliar dsRNA Delivery and Suppress Turnip Crinkle Virus in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Min-Jae Kim, Nam-Yeon Kim, Rae-Dong Jeong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0047","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topically applied double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can trigger antiviral RNA interference in plants, but naked dsRNA is unstable and poorly taken up after foliar application. Here, we developed an eco-friendly chitosan- tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanocarrier to enhance dsRNA delivery using turnip crinkle virus (TCV) as a model and tested it in Arabidopsis thaliana. A dsRNA targeting the TCV-coat protein (CP) gene was produced in Escherichia coli, and complexation with CS-TPP was induced by ionic gelation. Complete complexation occurred at a 1:1 CS-TPP:dsRNA ratio, producing cationic nanoparticles that protected dsRNA from RNase digestion and maintained its integrity during incubation at 37°C. Using Cy3 fluorescence imaging, we observed stronger epidermis-associated fluorescence in plants treated with the CS-TPP@dsRNA complex than in those treated with naked dsRNA, and RT-qPCR confirmed higher CP-target RNA fragment accumulation in planta. Small RNA sequencing revealed increased levels of TCV-derived, 21-24 nt siRNA molecules targeting the CP region, suggesting the applied dsRNA was processed in planta. Importantly, a CS-TPP@ TCV-dsRNA foliar spray application reduced systemic CP RNA levels at 7 and 14 days post-treatment and alleviated disease symptoms more effectively than naked dsRNA. These results demonstrate that CS-TPP nanocomplexation improves dsRNA stability and delivery, enabling improved and more durable antiviral protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"427-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148156916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-06DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0186
Ha Thu Nguyen, Cristina Bez, Minh Quang Tran, Linh Thi-Ngoc Tran, Van Thi-Thuy Pham, Iris Bertani, Vittorio Venturi, Hang Thuy Dinh
{"title":"Rhizospheric Fungal Communities and Their Role in Biocontrol of Fusarium in Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) in Vietnam.","authors":"Ha Thu Nguyen, Cristina Bez, Minh Quang Tran, Linh Thi-Ngoc Tran, Van Thi-Thuy Pham, Iris Bertani, Vittorio Venturi, Hang Thuy Dinh","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0186","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizospheric microbial communities are critical to the health and productivity of coffee plantations. This study investigated the microbiome of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) across three major cultivation areas in Vietnam (Dak-Nong, Dak-Lak, and Gia-Lai) to assess its role in Fusarium suppression. Using ITS ampliconbased metagenomics and culture-dependent approaches, we analyzed fungal community structure in relation to location, plant age, and health status. Metagenomic analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial communities between healthy and diseased rhizospheres, whereas fungal communities showed clear distinctions, particularly in young plants (<2 years). These differences diminished in mature plants (≥2 years) but continued to vary with age (2-10 years). Healthy rhizospheres were enriched with beneficial fungi, while diseased soils contained more phytopathogenic genera. Fusarium was prevalent in all regions, with higher abundance in diseased soils, whereas Trichoderma, a known biocontrol agent, was more abundant in healthy soils but declined with plant age. Of 343 fungal isolates, 46 strains exhibited strong antagonistic activity against Fusarium, representing 10 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gongronella, and Talaromyces. Although Trichoderma isolates were less frequent, they showed promising biocontrol potential. These findings underscore the role of rhizospheric fungi in managing Fusarium wilt and identify candidate biocontrol agents for sustainable robusta coffee cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"400-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tam Thi Thanh Dang, Thu Thi Nguyen, Giang Van Nguyen, Son Truong Dinh, Dao Thi Tran, Canh Xuan Nguyen
{"title":"Antifungal Activity and Genome Mining Reveal Potentiality of Streptomyces sp. VNUA24 as a Biocontrol Agent.","authors":"Tam Thi Thanh Dang, Thu Thi Nguyen, Giang Van Nguyen, Son Truong Dinh, Dao Thi Tran, Canh Xuan Nguyen","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2025.0171","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2025.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi are major phytopathogens that have a strong impact on agricultural productivity. Recently, biological control has gained attention for managing plant pathogenic fungi due to its eco-friendly characteristics. Hence, using biological agents to replace chemical fungicides is a viable alternative approach in sustainable agriculture systems. In this study, we demonstrated the potentiality of Streptomyces sp. VNUA24 as a promising biocontrol agent. The strain strongly inhibited mycelial growth of several common pathogenic fungi. Its culture filtrate also altered fungal morphology, restricted hyphal elongation, inhibited spore germination, and suppressed fungal virulence. Biochemical assays and genomic analysis revealed the productions and encoding genes for several hydrolytic enzymes. The antiSMASH analysis identified 38 biosynthetic gene clusters in the genome. Interestingly, many of these exhibited strong homologies to clusters responsible for producing established antifungal metabolites such as ε-poly-L-lysine, concanamycin A, informatipeptin, and humidimycin. These findings highlight the strong antifungal potential of Streptomyces sp. VNUA24 and suggest that it is a promising candidate for developing microbial control agents in sustainable fungal disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 4","pages":"533-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Suk Choi, Sujin Ki, Yong Hwan Lee, Hyeonheui Ham
{"title":"Novel Detection Marker of Xanthomonas fragariae from Strawberry Plants Using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR.","authors":"Han Suk Choi, Sujin Ki, Yong Hwan Lee, Hyeonheui Ham","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0061","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angular leaf spot, caused by the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae, results in considerable yield losses in strawberry production. This pathogen is designated as a quarantine pest in several countries, including South Korea. Therefore, early identification of this pathogen in young plants is essential for preventing disease spread and ensuring rapid eradication. However, intraspecific genetic variation among isolates from different geographic origins imposes challenges for the accurate diagnosis of X. fragariae. In this study, we developed a novel gene marker and primer set (XF-212F/R) through comparative genomic analysis of X. fragariae strains and related bacterial species for pathogenspecific detection. As a result, the XF-212F/R primer set amplified only X. fragariae strains without cross-reactivity to other Xanthomonas spp. or related bacteria. The detection limits of the SYBR Green real-time PCR assay were 1.41 × 10² plasmid copies/μL, 500 fg of genomic DNA, and 1.52 × 10³ CFU/mL of bacterial cells. The assay also accurately detected the pathogen from cells directly extracted from infected strawberry leaves, enabling rapid detection without the need for DNA extraction. This diagnostic method showed improved coverage for X. fragariae strains and is suitable for early detection and disease surveillance in strawberry plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 4","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serge Savary, Federica Bove, Charishma Krishnappa, Kwang-Hyung Kim, Athanasios Petsakos, Sonam Sah, Alberto Santini, Manjari Singh, Laetitia Willocquet
{"title":"A Commentary on the Progress, Achievements, and Perspectives of the Global Plant Health Assessment.","authors":"Serge Savary, Federica Bove, Charishma Krishnappa, Kwang-Hyung Kim, Athanasios Petsakos, Sonam Sah, Alberto Santini, Manjari Singh, Laetitia Willocquet","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OC.06.2026.0079","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OC.06.2026.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Global Plant Health Assessment is a collaborative project involving approximately one hundred scientists across the world, addressing the global state of plant health as a common good. The project is unusual in that it relies entirely on voluntary contributions from scientists, operates without dedicated funding, and incorporates internal collaboration mechanisms for peer review and publication. Plant Health Reports have been developed by teams of scientists for more than 30 cases, each focusing on a purposely selected keystone plant species representing plant systems in multiple world ecoregions. These plant systems encompass forests, field crops, perennial crops, household and periurban systems, as well as urban forests, in both the Global North and the Global South. Despite this necessarily fragmented information, an overall view however emerges on the current state and recent evolution of world plant health, as well as on the consequences of declining plant health on three categories of ecosystem services generated by healthy plants: provisioning, regulating, and cultural-spiritual. Additional reports are being developed to improve this view, along with new developments where the future of plant health and its consequences will be addressed. As a project structure and organisational model, the Global Plant Health Assessment could serve as a template for future collective scientific efforts addressing major questions about global common goods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"42 4","pages":"379-384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-06-22DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0048
A-Ram Jeong, Oh-Kyu Kwon, Gunn Yeom, Seung-Jun Yu, Ji-Hun Kim, Ryoung Shin, Gung Pyo Lee, Chang-Jin Park
{"title":"Phylogenetic Diversity of Fusarium Species Complexes Causing Wilt in Watermelon and Melon in Korea.","authors":"A-Ram Jeong, Oh-Kyu Kwon, Gunn Yeom, Seung-Jun Yu, Ji-Hun Kim, Ryoung Shin, Gung Pyo Lee, Chang-Jin Park","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0048","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2026.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.) are globally important horticultural crops, cultivated widely for their economic and dietary value. However, their productivity is increasingly threatened by Fusarium wilt, which causes substantial yield losses. The genus Fusarium comprises over 400 phylogenetically distinct species, classified into multiple species complexes (SCs). Many of these species are soilborne and resilient in agroecosystems, complicating accurate identification and disease management. While Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales-f. sp. niveum (FON) and f. sp. melonis (FOM)-have long been considered the main causal agents of Fusarium wilt in watermelon and melon, an increasing number of regional studies suggest that diverse Fusarium spp. may also be involved. In this study, we examined the diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. causing wilt in watermelon and melon across key cultivation regions in Korea. Thirty-three Fusarium isolates were initially identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and further characterized through multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) and the RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. The isolates were classified into five distinct SCs: F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. nisikadoi (FNSC), F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC), and F. solani (FSSC). Morphological and microscopic features were examined to support SC-level classification. Pathogenicity assays confirmed that representative isolates from each SC induced wilt symptoms in both watermelon and melon. These results broaden the understanding of Fusarium diversity in cucurbits and underscore the needs for phylogenetically informed diagnostics and disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"497-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Pathology JournalPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0190
Selvi Helina, Hasriadi Mat Akin, Yuyun Fitriana, Tri Maryono, Titik Nur Aeny, Suskandini Ratih
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Genetic Characterization of Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infecting Chili (Capsicum annuum) in Lampung Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Selvi Helina, Hasriadi Mat Akin, Yuyun Fitriana, Tri Maryono, Titik Nur Aeny, Suskandini Ratih","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0190","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2025.0190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a major horticultural commodity in Indonesia whose productivity is constrained by viral diseases, particularly pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV). This study investigated the spatial distribution, symptomatology, incidence, severity, and genetic diversity of PepYLCV in seven primary chili‑producing districts of Lampung Province, namely North, Central, South, and West Lampung, Pesawaran, Pringsewu, and Tanggamus. Field surveys combined with molecular diagnostics demonstrated widespread PepYLCV infection, with disease incidence reaching 91% and 85% and disease severity 79% and 77% in Tanggamus and West Lampung, respectively. Symptom expression, including leaf curling, yellow mosaic, leaf size reduction, and stunting, varied among agroecosystems. Infection by PepYLCV was confirmed through PCR using begomovirus‑specific primers, and partial nucleotide sequences of the replication‑associated (AC1/AC2) and coat protein (AV1) genes showed 86-94% identity with PepYLCV isolates in GenBank, indicating close relatedness within the Indonesian PepYLCV complex. Phylogenetic analyses grouped all Lampung isolates in a well‑supported clade (bootstrap 99-100%) distinct from foreign begomoviruses, and the pronounced genetic homogeneity is consistent with efficient regional spread mediated by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PepYLCV constitutes a serious constraint to chili production in Lampung and poses a risk of further dissemination to other production centers, underscoring the need for integrated disease management through vector suppression, deployment of PepYLCV‑resistant cultivars, and strategic development of mild strain cross‑protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"449-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}