Plant Pathology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and Nutritional Dynamics of SynCom in Suppressing Apple Fire Blight.","authors":"Yejin Lee, Youn Min Ko, Youn-Sig Kwak","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2025.0040","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2025.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fire blight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, occurs in apples and other Rosaceae plants and is known to cause significant economic damage. The pathogen usually infects flowers during the reproductive growth period of plants, colonizes, and penetrates by producing exopolysaccharides in the stigma. A synthetic microbial community (SynCom) is an artificial community of microorganisms designed to enhance host viability. To construct SynCom, we attempted to identify and utilize the microbial characteristics of apple trees that are not infected with the pathogen compared to those that are infected. In our previous study, we composed SynCom with strains expected to reduce the density of fire blight pathogens through microbiome analysis, strain isolation, and continuous replacement culture. We are able to observe the disease control effect of the constructed SynCom. However, no study has been conducted to clearly determine the genetic mechanism underlying this effect of the SynCom. Here, we present that potential secondary metabolite candidates and nutritional competition with the pathogen were confirmed as biochemical mechanisms through whole genome analysis of SynCom strains. Additionally, by co-cultivating SynCom with the pathogen in limited nutrient conditions, such as apple blossom extracts, which are susceptible to the pathogen, we confirmed the potential of SynCom treatment to reduce the pathogen densities. This study demonstrates that genetic selection using metagenomics can effectively identify microorganisms with potential functional capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"380-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virome Analysis Deciphers the First Virus Occurrence in Melothria scabra, Revealing Two Potyviruses, Including a Highly Divergent Zucchini Yellow Mmosaic Virus Isolate.","authors":"Li-Juan Zhu, Jianhong Xing, Jingke Li, Weifan Lin, Yubin Chi, Jun Su, Juncheng Zhang, Zhongtian Xu","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2024.0193","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2024.0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melothria scabra, an annual vine plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, is usually found as a weed in agricultural ecosystems, making it a potential reservoir for crop viruses. Nonetheless, no plant virus has been documented to infect M. scabra to date. In the present study, M. scabra leaves with plant virus disease symptoms were sampled and subjected to sequencing through metatranscriptome and small RNA methods. High-throughput data analysis revealed the presence of two potyvirus species, zucchini tigre mosaic virus (ZTMV) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), which were subsequently confirmed through reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detection. The complete genome sequences of ZTMV and ZYMV in M. scabra, designated as ZTMV-ms (PQ720520) and ZYMV-ms (PQ720521), were determined by a combination of RT-PCR, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and Sanger sequencing. The full-genome length of ZTMV-ms and ZYMV-ms is 10,331 nt and 9,602 nt, respectively, excluding the 3' poly(A) tail. Notably, ZYMV-ms showed 80.15% similarity to its best BLASTn hit (AJ515911.1, ZYMV-WM), approaching the threshold for defining new Potyvirus species, thus classifying ZYMV-ms as a highly divergent ZYMV isolate. Both ZTMV-ms and ZYMV-ms show typical virus-derived small interfering RNA (vsiRNAs) characteristics of plant viruses, with 21- and 22-nt vsiRNAs, the latter being the most abundant, a feature rare among plant viruses. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of plant host antiviral RNAi response, as well as the evolution and host expansion of ZTMV and ZYMV, with implications for virus prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"280-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 2 in Central Taiwan and Its Potential Biocontrol Agent.","authors":"Chien Hao Chai, Cheng-Fang Hong, Jenn-Wen Huang","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.01.2025.0012","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.01.2025.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, a wilt disease was found in the melon in central Taiwan, resulting in severe yield losses. To identify the causal agent, both morphological and molecular identification were conducted. Together with the results of host range tests, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 2 (FOM). To develop a sustainable and eco-friendly method for disease management, the culture broth and culture filtrate of two potential biocontrol agents, Bacillus mycoides strains BM02 and BM103, were evaluated against FOM in a greenhouse. The results revealed that B. mycoides strain BM02 consistently and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease when applied via foliar spraying or soil-drenching, compared to the water control. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming FOM race 2 in Taiwan and the biocontrol results suggested that BM02 could be promising for managing melon Fusarium wilt.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"352-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet Pepper cv. Lai Lai Ripeness Stage Influences Susceptibility to Mycotoxinogenic Alternaria alternata Causing Black Mold.","authors":"Charles S Krasnow, Filipe Cohen, Sudharsan Sadhasivam, Ginat Raphael, Edward Sionov, Carmit Ziv","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2024.0130","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2024.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a highly nutritious and economically important vegetable grown worldwide. Black mold, caused by mycotoxin-producing Alternaria spp., is a common postharvest disease during cold storage and transport, leading to significant produce losses. A better understanding of the infection process is essential for improving disease control. This study examined Alternaria alternata isolates infecting green (mature unripe) and red (ripe) pepper fruit. Findings indicate that black mold can infect fruit at both ripening stages, with differences in symptom progression, growth rates, and sporulation. Disease development was influenced by fruit ripeness in a temperature-dependent manner. At 7°C, lesion size and sporulation were similar on green and red fruit, but at 22°C, lesions were significantly larger on red fruit (P < 0.05). Microscopic studies revealed comparable conidial germination on both fruit stages; however, appressoria formation was less frequent on green fruit early in infection. Fungal penetration into the pericarp occurred 8 hours post-inoculation through cuticle wounds, with hyphae growing intercellularly among pericarp walls. By 24 hours post-inoculation, cell contents were disorganized, and cell walls had dissolved. In red fruit, vascular bundles were destroyed, whereas in green fruit, they remained intact. At 22°C, high levels of the mycotoxins altenuene, alternariol, and alternariol monomethyl ether were detected in both green and red infected fruit. The susceptibility of mature green fruit to black mold highlights the need for effective field treatments to prevent pathogen establishment and reduce postharvest disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"266-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Diagnosis of Major Phytoplasma Infected Trees Using the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method in South Korea.","authors":"Geon-Woo Lee, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Sun Keun Lee, Sang-Sub Han","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2024.0129","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2024.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tree diseases associated with phytoplasma infections predominantly affecting nine host trees have serious impacts on tree growth and cause significant economic losses in South Korea. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based primers for early detection were developed to evaluate their accuracy. First, the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasma was successfully amplified from the extracted DNA of various infected tree species using the polymerase chain reaction method. Two types diagnostic kits developed for phytoplasma detection were evaluated. The first kit detected phytoplasma infection within 30 min under isothermal conditions at 65°C, while the second kit did so within 40 min. Both kits could detect the nine different species of host trees infected with phytoplasma. When tested with 10 ng of the synthetic target gene, the FAM value became detectable at 10 min and remained consistent until 40 min. The lowest detection concentration was 0.01 pg/µL, and the limit of detection was 100 copies/µL. All of the phytoplasmas from nine diseased hosts were early detected. Furthermore, phytoplasma was not detected in healthy specimens, confirming the diagnostic kits' accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and infected strains. The LAMP method confirmed rapid, accurate, and visually assessable detection of phytoplasma, suggesting it will enable early diagnosis of phytoplasma infections in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causative Pathogens and Control Methods for Verticillium Wilt in Chinese Cabbage.","authors":"Nazila Saadati, Jeomsoon Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.10.2024.0165","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.10.2024.0165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese cabbage (Kimchi cabbage), an essential vegetable in Asian cuisine, faces significant threats from diseases such as Verticillium wilt, primarily caused by Verticillium longisporum and Verticillium dahliae. The Brassicaceae family, which includes Chinese cabbage, possesses unique botanical characteristics that distinguish it from other flowering plant families. Various methods, including morphological analysis and molecular techniques, have been utilized to identify Verticillium species. Recent advancements in detection methods, such as PCR-based techniques and genome sequencing, have improved our ability to accurately identify and differentiate these species. Understanding the genetic diversity and pathogenic mechanisms of Verticillium species is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies to protect Chinese cabbage production. This review explores the history, identification methods, and disease control approaches related to Verticillium infections in Chinese cabbage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Bark Extract-Based Nanobactericides against Bacterial Panicle Blight in Rice.","authors":"Qamar Mohammed Naji, Dzarifah Mohamed Zulperi, Khairulmazmi Ahmad, Erneeza Mohd Hata","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2024.0188","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2024.0188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial panicle blight (BPB), caused by the aerobic Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia glumae, poses a significant threat to global rice production. Cinnamon bark extract (CBE), rich in bioactive compounds such as eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, exhibits potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. To enhance the stability and efficacy of these volatile compounds, this study employed nanoencapsulation techniques. CBE-loaded nanoformulations were synthesized using the ionic coupling method between chitosan (CS) and trisodium phosphate (TPP) at varying TPP concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%), resulting in CBE-CS nanoparticles. The nanoformulations were evaluated for antibacterial activity, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics. The antibacterial assays demonstrated inhibition zones ranging from 7.5 to 11.8 mm, with the 0.5% TPP formulation exhibiting the highest efficacy (minimum inhibitory concentration = 15.6 μmol/mL; minimum bactericidal concentration = 31.25 μmol/mL). Chemical analysis identified over 15 active compounds in CBE, with (Z)-3-phenylacrylaldehyde being the most abundant (34%). The nanoparticles had sizes ranging from 43.66 nm to 106.1 nm, encapsulation efficiencies of 48.65-48.78%, and loading capacities of 25.65-33.9%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical, homogenous nanoparticles, while Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful encapsulation of CBE within CS nanoparticles. Microscopic examination revealed significant membrane damage in B. glumae cells treated with CBE-loaded nanoparticles compared to untreated controls. These findings underscore the potential of CBE-loaded CS nanoencapsulation as an effective, ecofriendly solution for managing BPB. The study highlights the promise of nanoencapsulation techniques in enhancing the stability and bioactivity of natural antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical controls in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"253-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solo or in Concert: SUMOylation in Pathogenic Fungi.","authors":"You-Jin Lim, Yong-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.11.2024.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.11.2024.0180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMOylation plays a pivotal role in DNA replication and repair, transcriptional stability, and stress response. Although SUMOylation is a conserved posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes, the number, type, and function of SUMOylation-associated components vary among mammals, plants, and fungi. SUMOylation shares overlapping features with ubiquitination, another well-known PTM. However, comparative studies on the interplay between these two PTMs are largely limited to yeast among fungal species. Recently, the role of SUMOylation in pathogenicity and its potential for crosstalk with ubiquitination have gained attention in fungal pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the distinct components of SUMOylation across organisms and describe its critical functions in fungal pathogens. Furthermore, we propose new research directions for SUMOylation in fungal pathogens, both independently and in coordination with other PTMs. This review aims to illuminate the potential for advancing PTM crosstalk research in fungal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"140-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clover Cyst Nematode Dominates and Causes Damage in Kimchi-Cabbage Fields in Korea.","authors":"Hyoung-Rai Ko, Sekeun Park, Sohee Park, Natesan Karthi, Byeong-Yong Park, Jin-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2024.0179","DOIUrl":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2024.0179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyst nematodes are among the major plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and they cause significant damage to Brassicaceae crops, including Kimchi-cabbage, in Korea. To survey the incidence of cyst nematodes in Kimchi-cabbage fields, 469 soil samples were collected from the main producing areas between 2018 and 2021. Only cyst nematodes belonging to the genus Heterodera were investigated, and the overall nematode incidence was found to be 40%. Regionally, the highest incidence was observed in Taebaek, reaching 89%, with mean densities of cysts and eggs per 500 cm³ of soil recorded at 522 and 49,734, respectively. Based on Bayesian analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequence, the cyst nematodes were identified as four species: clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii, HT, frequency: 78%), soybean cyst nematode (H. glycines, HG, 11%), sugar beet cyst nematode (H. schachtii, 4%), and white soybean cyst nematode (H. sojae, HSo, 2%). Mixed infestations were found in some fields, with HT + HG (4%) and HG + HSo (1%). These results indicate that HT is the dominant species in the main Kimchi-cabbage producing areas in Korea. In conclusion, implementing effective HT management strategies is critical to minimize economic losses in Kimchi-cabbage production in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Community Responses to Alternate Wetting and Drying in the System of Rice Intensification.","authors":"Ismaila Yakubu, Eunsol Yeon, Hyun Gi Kong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.NT.01.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.01.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous flooding in rice production presents significant challenges, such as increased labor intensity and soil degradation. However, when properly implemented, alternate wetting and drying can mitigate these issues. Despite its potential advantages, the effects of different water management practices on the soil microbiome are not well understood. This study explored how intermittent flooding and drying influence the soil microbiome by analyzing microbial communities under varying moisture conditions using Illumina sequencing. The results showed notable shifts in the abundance of Bacillota and Actinomycetota in response to fluctuations in water levels, although the overall microbial abundance returned to its original state under stable moisture conditions. In contrast, the abundance of Chloroflexota, which increased during waterlogging, remained elevated even under dry conditions. Additionally, microbial interactions were more pronounced during waterlogging compared to both moist and dry conditions. Overall, this research underscores the significant role of water management in shaping soil bacterial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}