Phytochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Alkaloids and anthraquinones of Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso roots and their PTP1B inhibitory activity","authors":"Thi Thanh Le ,&nbsp;Manh Tuan Ha ,&nbsp;Trong Trieu Tran ,&nbsp;Seung Eui Min ,&nbsp;Kang-Hyun Han ,&nbsp;Jeong Ah Kim ,&nbsp;Byung Sun Min","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical investigation of the roots of <em>Hemerocallis fulva</em> var. <em>kwanso</em> Regel led to the isolation and structural elucidation of five previously undescribed compounds, including three alkaloids (<strong>1</strong>‒<strong>3</strong>) and two anthraquinones (<strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong>), together with fourteen known ones (<strong>6</strong>‒<strong>19</strong>). Structural elucidation was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses combined with ECD calculations. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that a <em>β</em>-carboline alkaloid (<strong>14</strong>) exhibited significant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 31.56 μM. Further enzyme kinetic and molecular docking analyses confirmed that compound <strong>14</strong> functioned as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor, with a <em>K</em>_<em>i</em> value of 30.16 ± 0.57 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1H NMR-guided isolation of ophiobolins from Bipolaris maydis and their bioactivities","authors":"Yong Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhang ,&nbsp;Qin Li ,&nbsp;Mengru Yu ,&nbsp;Yongqi Li ,&nbsp;Luosheng Wan ,&nbsp;Xing Sun ,&nbsp;Chunmei Chen ,&nbsp;Yonghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Hucheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ophiobolins present characteristic ¹H NMR resonances, which distinctly differ from other metabolites reported from <em>Bipolaris maydis</em>, and were used for an NMR-guided isolation in this research. As a result, 17 undescribed ophiobolin-sesterterpenoids, ophiobolinoids A–Q (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>17</strong>), were isolated from <em>Bipolaris maydis</em>. Ophiobolinoids A–C possessed a rare oxygen bridge connecting C-3 and C-21. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, DP4+ calculations, ECD calculations, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Specifically, ophibolinoid C showed a weak inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from Ligularia hodgsonii: isolation, structural characterization, and pro-angiogenic potential","authors":"Zhenhua Wan ,&nbsp;Huilin Peng ,&nbsp;Chunping Tang ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Qin ,&nbsp;Bintao Hu ,&nbsp;Changqiang Ke ,&nbsp;Sheng Yao ,&nbsp;Ligen Lin ,&nbsp;Yang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive chemical investigation of the rhizomes and roots of <em>Ligularia hodgsonii</em> Hook. was undertaken, which resulted in the identification of 11 previously undescribed eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>4</strong>, <strong>7</strong>−<strong>12</strong>, and <strong>14</strong>), in addition to five known analogues (<strong>5</strong>−<strong>6</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, and <strong>15</strong>−<strong>16</strong>). The structures of previously undescribed compounds were fully characterized through comprehensive analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>12</strong> represent six pairs of epimers at the C-11 position, and an empirical pattern to distinguish the C-11 stereochemistry was therefore established based on their characteristic Cotton effects in the ECD spectra, which was subsequently applied to revise the absolute configuration of the known compound <strong>13</strong>. Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic activity of some isolated compounds was evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compound <strong>14</strong> exhibited potent effect by promoting HUVEC migration and facilitating the formation of capillary-like tubular networks, while compounds <strong>7</strong>, <strong>11</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, and <strong>15</strong> interrupted wound healing in HUVECs. The findings provide the first insights into the bioactivity of eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes responsible for the wound-healing therapeutic effect of <em>L. hodgsonii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the Blumea Genus: A comprehensive review","authors":"Kalyani Saikia ,&nbsp;Lunasmrita Saikia ,&nbsp;Dhrubajyoti Gogoi ,&nbsp;Mrinal Kashyap Sarma ,&nbsp;Sm Abdul Aziz Barbhuiya ,&nbsp;Partha Pratim Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Blumea</em> (Asteraceae) has long been valued in traditional medicine across Asia and other regions for its use in managing wounds, infections, respiratory and digestive disorders, inflammatory conditions, and chronic ailments. Its use is well documented in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, where various plant parts are prepared as decoctions, infusions, poultices, or herbal teas. Particular species also hold culinary and cultural significance, reflecting their socio-ethnobotanical importance. This review provides an integrated assessment of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of <em>Blumea</em> species, while identifying future research directions. A systematic literature search was conducted using SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (May 2000-October 2025) with the keywords “<em>Blumea</em>,” “Phytochemistry,” “Pharmacological activity,” and “Ethnobotany,” supplemented by manual screening for additional studies. Phytochemical investigations reveal that <em>Blumea</em> species are particularly rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids, which contribute to their diverse bioactivities. A total of 148 compounds have been reported, many of which are supported by preclinical studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, wound-healing, and metabolic effects. Promising evidence also supports their potential in diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Additionally, emerging applications include cosmetic formulations, though toxicological evaluations remain limited. Despite this therapeutic promise, challenges such as environmental variability, insufficient clinical validation, and a lack of standardised methodologies hinder translational progress. Overall, the review highlights the medicinal potential of <em>Blumea</em> for systematic isolation of bioactive constituents, mechanistic insights, sustainable utilisation, and translational studies to bridge traditional knowledge with modern drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XLIX. Terpenoids and phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols from the leaves of Camellia petelotii (golden-flower tea) and their bioactivities","authors":"Ze-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Can Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe-Lu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiang Wan ,&nbsp;Juan Xiong ,&nbsp;Yi Zang ,&nbsp;Yeun-Mun Choo ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Jin-Feng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camellia petelotii</em> (Merr.) Sealy, commonly known as golden-flower tea, is an endangered yellow-flowering species of the genus <em>Camellia</em> (Theaceae). As a medicine and food homology (MFH) plant, it possesses significant medicinal and edible value. However, because the chemical constituents of <em>C. petelotii</em> have rarely been investigated, its potential medicinal and nutritional benefits remain poorly understood, hindering its further utilization. In this study, a comprehensive phytochemical investigation was conducted on the EtOAc-soluble fraction of a 90% MeOH extract derived from the leaves of <em>C. petelotii</em>, resulting in the isolation and characterization of five previously undescribed (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>5</strong>) and 19 known (<strong>6</strong>−<strong>24</strong>) compounds. Among these compounds, campetelolides A (<strong>1</strong>) and B (<strong>2</strong>) are identified as guaianolides bearing a 2-methyl-2-butenoxyl moiety. Campetelols A (<strong>3</strong>), B (<strong>4</strong>), and C (<strong>5</strong>) are classified as phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of these metabolites were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques, supported by calculated NMR data, combined with DP4+ analysis, as well as by comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and eupachinilide I (<strong>6</strong>) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing nitric oxide (NO) production, with IC₅₀ values of 5.8, 4.8, and 4.8 μM, respectively. In addition, compound <strong>2</strong> and 3<em>β</em>,11<em>α</em>,12,21<em>β</em>-tetrahydroxy-22-oxours-12-en-24-oic acid methyl ester (<strong>7</strong>) inhibited ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 11.2 and 9.3 μM, respectively. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the endangered plant <em>C. petelotii</em>, offering prospects for the discovery of novel bioactive agents while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of its conservation and sustainable utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyridinium alkaloids – a unique class of naturally occurring salt-form secondary metabolites: a comprehensive review of 68 years (1958–mid-2025)","authors":"Huu Canh Vo ,&nbsp;Duc Trung Le ,&nbsp;Minh Canh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Le Viet Ha Tran ,&nbsp;To Hoang Long ,&nbsp;Vinh Han La ,&nbsp;Quoc Tuan Le ,&nbsp;Quang Ton That ,&nbsp;Linh Tran ,&nbsp;Khac-Minh Thai ,&nbsp;Van-Kieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Huong Thi Thu Le ,&nbsp;Huynh Nguyen Khanh Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyridinium alkaloids represent a structurally unique class of nitrogen-containing natural products, primarily obtained from marine sponges. These compounds range from simple mono-substituted derivatives to complex poly-alkylated and a series of unusual oligomeric structures. Additionally, they have also exhibited a wide range of documented biological activities, including cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and neuroactive effects. Notably, several compounds, such as coscinoderines and cyclostellettamines, have been explored for their ability to exhibit selective cytotoxicity against nutrient-deprived cancer cells. Polyalkylpyridiniums also represent a promising avenue for drug development due to their potent and diverse biological activities. This is especially the case for halitoxin, a polymeric complex from sponges, which shows high cytotoxicity and strong antibacterial activity, as well as the ability to prevent the onslaught of marine organisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of 127 pyridinium alkaloid derivatives published in a ranging of 68 years from 1958 to mid-2025, highlighting their sources, structural classes, bioactivities, biosynthetic origins, and synthetic insights. Subsequent assessments and discussions will provide a foundation for further research and development on potential compounds of this class.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylaricins A–I: Dearomatic xanthone derivatives from endolichenic fungus Xylaria sp. LCSS1a","authors":"Wenge Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhu ,&nbsp;Kunkun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Luan ,&nbsp;Jiabo Sun ,&nbsp;Hehe Li ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Tan ,&nbsp;Jiaozhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuyun Li ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the endolichenic fungus <em>Xylaria</em> sp. LCSS1a resulted in the isolation and identification of 24 natural metabolites. Among them, 15 were known compounds and 9 of them were characterized as previously unreported dearomatized xanthone derivatives with highly oxygenated substituents, which were designated as xylaricins A–I (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>9</strong>). The structures and absolute configurations of the previously unreported compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations (¹³C NMR DP4+ analysis, and TDDFT-ECD) and <em>X</em>-ray crystallography. The screening for cytotoxic and antibacterial assays revealed that compound <strong>9</strong> exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 7.5 μM, while to <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, the MIC value was 16 μg/mL. Structure-activity relationships highlighted the importance of a conjugated π-system and free phenolic groups for bioactivity observed in this series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triquinane sesquiterpene octanoates from Antrodiella zonata with their cytotoxicity and antimalarial activities","authors":"Jie-Lin Yin ,&nbsp;Qing-Shu Chen ,&nbsp;Fang-Lu Wei ,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Luo ,&nbsp;Zheng-Hong Pan ,&nbsp;Juan He","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By modifying fermentation conditions, ten octanoate-containing triquinane sesquiterpenoids, including six previously undescribed ones, namely antrodizonatins M‒R, were isolated from the fungus <em>Antrodiella zonata</em>. Their structures and absolute configurations have been established by extensive spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction, ECD and ¹³C NMR calculations. Notably, antrodizonatin Q features of an unusual adenine substituent. Antrodizonatins M‒O, and R demonstrated cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell line MCF-7, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.2 to 17.6 μM. Antrodizonatins N–P, Antrodizonatin R, dihydrocoriolin C, and chloriolin C exhibited <em>in vitro</em> antimalarial activity against <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 21.4 to 33.7 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six previously undescribed bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from marine derived fungus Aspergillus sp. WHUF04-170 and their antimicrobial activity","authors":"Wen-Juan Ding ,&nbsp;Hong-Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Dan-Mei Tian ,&nbsp;Ya-Qi Yuan ,&nbsp;Ya-Xin Xue ,&nbsp;Kui Hong ,&nbsp;Hong-Kai Bi ,&nbsp;Jin-Shan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine-derived fungi have emerged as valuable sources of pharmacologically active lead compounds with potent antimicrobial properties. In this study, six previously undescribed bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), including a rare 5,6-dihydrobenzoic acid derivative of the bisabolene skeleton (<strong>1</strong>), along with 18 known compounds (<strong>7</strong>–<strong>24</strong>), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine fungus <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. WHUF04-170. The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial potential of the isolated compounds was subsequently evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. Compounds <strong>9</strong>, <strong>10</strong>, <strong>15</strong>, <strong>16</strong>, and <strong>19</strong> exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against both the standard <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> strain G27 and the multidrug-resistant strain HP159, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 16 to 32 μg/mL. Notably, synergistic antimicrobial assays revealed that compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>15</strong> enhanced the activity of amphotericin B against <em>Candida albicans</em> strains, including both standard reference strains (SC5314 and ATCC 10231) and drug-resistant clinical isolates (C5 and C3). Collectively, these findings expand the structural diversity of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes and highlight their dual antimicrobial potential, offering promising leads for the development of combination therapies against resistant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous combinatorial biosynthesis of daurichromenic acid derivatives from a common metabolite in Rhododendron species and evaluation of their SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activities","authors":"Chao Peng ,&nbsp;Meng-Yun Guo ,&nbsp;Lu Gao ,&nbsp;Xu-Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Guang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2026.114804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhododendron</em> species, a globally recognized group of medicinal and edible plants, are known to produce a wide array of meroterpenoid natural products. Among these, daurichromenic acid (<strong>7</strong>) and its derivatives are widely distributed and exhibit diverse biological activities. However, their low natural abundance in plants and the incomplete elucidation of their biosynthetic pathways have hindered further development and application. Capitachromenic acid D (<strong>6</strong>), a representative chromene compound formed via successive oxidative transformations of <strong>7</strong>, was initially isolated from <em>R</em>. <em>capitatum</em> Maxim. and also shows promising biological potential for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the heterologous combinatorial biosynthesis of compound <strong>6</strong> was achieved in <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> through the introduction of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the precursor griffolic acid (<strong>2</strong>) from <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> 1962, <em>A. oryzae</em>, and <em>Stachybotrys</em> sp. g12, along with a cyclase gene from <em>R</em>. <em>dauricum</em> L. In bioactivity assays, compounds <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> exhibited notable inhibitory activity against the main protease (M^pro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with IC₅₀ values of 16.5 ± 1.3 μM and 10.7 ± 1.6 μM, respectively, highlighting their potential as promising lead compounds for SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitor development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}