Phytochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Caseazins R−Y, cytotoxic podocarpane diterpenoids from Casearia kurzii","authors":"Xue-Wen Wu ,&nbsp;Qiong Wei ,&nbsp;Xia Pu ,&nbsp;Chun-Mei Cha ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Yin-Qiao Huang ,&nbsp;Rui-Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Li ,&nbsp;Hong-Liang Li ,&nbsp;Wei-Lie Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, eight undescribed compounds, namely caseazins R−Y (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>8</strong>) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of <em>Casearia kurzii</em> (Flacourtiaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance methods, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD calculations. Compound <strong>1</strong> was characterized as a rare 2,3-<em>seco</em> podocarpane carbon skeleton. While compound <strong>8</strong> was a highly oxygenated podocarpane diterpenoid dimer with an oxygen bridge between C-2 and C-11'. In bioassay, the diterpenoid dimer <strong>8</strong> showed potential cytotoxic activity against colorectal cancer cells (SW-620) with IC₅₀ value of 7.29 ± 0.10 μM. Besides, compound <strong>8</strong> exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against colorectal cancer target PI3K<em>α</em>^H1047R.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undescribed antimicrobial labdane diterpenes from the flowers of Euthamia graminifolia","authors":"Márton Baglyas ,&nbsp;Zoltán Bozsó ,&nbsp;Ildikó Schwarczinger ,&nbsp;Péter G. Ott ,&nbsp;József Bakonyi ,&nbsp;András Darcsi ,&nbsp;Ágnes M. Móricz","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for previously undescribed antimicrobial agents is increasing due to the emergence of resistant plant pathogens. One of the untapped sources of new biopesticides is the plant kingdom. A bioassay-guided process comprising TLC–<em>Bacillus subtilis</em> bioassay, TLC–MS, and preparative flash column chromatography enabled the isolation of five previously undescribed antimicrobial labdane diterpenes (graminifolins A–E, <strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>) from the flower extract of grass-leaved goldenrod (<em>Euthamia graminifolia</em>, formerly known as <em>Solidago graminifolia</em>). Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, supported by HRMS/MS, polarimetry, and UV, and ATR–FTIR spectroscopy. Graminifolins A–C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) displayed low to moderate antibacterial and bactericidal activity against the Gram-positive plant pathogens <em>Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens</em> pv. <em>flaccumfaciens</em> and <em>Clavibacter michiganensis</em>, with MIC values between 67 and 533 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 133 to 533 μg/mL. In contrast, graminifolin D+E (<strong>4</strong>+<strong>5</strong>) was active only against <em>C. michiganensis</em>. Among the isolated compounds, graminifolin A exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect and demonstrated weak antifungal activity against the crop pathogen <em>Bipolaris sorokiniana</em>. These findings underscore the potential of bioassay-guided fractionation in discovering previously undescribed bioactive compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alstoniaschines A‒I, nine undescribed alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris and their potential medicinal effects on diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Wen-Jie Sun ,&nbsp;Shi-Shi Qin ,&nbsp;Xian-Run Wu ,&nbsp;Yun-Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Xu-Jie Qin ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alstoniaschines A‒I (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>9</strong>), nine previously alkaloids sharing five different skeletons were obtained from the leaves of <em>Alstonia scholaris</em>. The structures and absolute configurations were established by their extensive spectroscopic data analyses, including NMR, HRESIMS, X-ray crystallography data, and theoretical ECD calculations. Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, and <strong>9</strong> exerted significant protective effect against oxidative stress and inflammatory damage of podocytes induced by high glucose, manifesting as the increase of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, alongside the reductions of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, the bioactive compounds might intervene in diabetic nephropathy through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by suppressing gene expressions of <em>jak2</em>, <em>stat3</em>, and <em>il-6</em> in high glucose-induced MPC5 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iridoid glycosides and phenolic glycosides from Gentiana rhodantha and their anti-inflammatory activities","authors":"Han-Fei Liu,&nbsp;Wan-Jun Pu,&nbsp;Ting Zhao,&nbsp;Xiao-Die Shu,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Lan,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Wei-Dong Pan,&nbsp;Ni Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seven previously undescribed glycosides, including four iridoid glycosides (<strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, and <strong>5</strong>), three phenolic glucosides (<strong>18</strong>, <strong>21</strong>, and <strong>22</strong>), together with nineteen known compounds, were isolated from the ethanol extract of <em>Gentiana rhodantha</em> Franch. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, NMR calculation, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Among them, compound <strong>21</strong> was a novel highly rearranged <em>endo</em>-phenolic analogue with a unique skeleton. Moreover, the absolute configuration of compound <strong>3</strong> was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment for the first time. These isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in the RAW 264.7 cell lines. As a result, compound <strong>14</strong> exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 6.89 ± 0.28 μM. Moreover, compound <strong>14</strong> significantly reduced LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine and mediators (IL-6, iNOS and COX-2), while upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine the IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further studies suggested that compound <strong>14</strong> exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sesquiterpenoids from Euphorbia esula L.","authors":"Defeng Yan ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Tang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Song ,&nbsp;Liu Liu ,&nbsp;Haiqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Nurmirza Begmatov ,&nbsp;Orzimat Turdimatovich Turginov ,&nbsp;Bo Zhao ,&nbsp;Hequn Yang ,&nbsp;Guoan Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six undescribed sesquiterpene esters, euphoresulins A–F, along with fourteen known daucane analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of <em>Euphorbia esula</em> growing in Uzbekistan. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, with absolute configurations established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data, in addition to single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Euphoresulins A–F (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>6</strong>) presented sesquiterpene ester types of daucane for euphoresulins A–D (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong>) and aromadendrane for euphoresulins E–F (<strong>5</strong>–<strong>6</strong>). Compounds <strong>7</strong>–<strong>20</strong> were firstly isolated from the genus <em>Euphorbia</em>, wherein compound <strong>7</strong> was naturally unprecedented. Bioactivity assays revealed that three compounds (<strong>3</strong>, <strong>9</strong> and <strong>10</strong>) carrying 9-keto group and 6-acyloxy residue of trisubstituted benzoyloxy moiety demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 22.49 ± 0.21 to 30.31 ± 1.19 <em>μ</em>M. Additionally, five esters (<strong>3</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, <strong>11</strong>, <strong>14</strong> and <strong>18</strong>) bearing Δ⁹, Δ⁸ or 8<em>β</em>-OH, and 6-benzoyloxy groups with versatile substitution patterns displayed certain cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines, representing IC₅₀ values of 14.71 ± 0.75, 15.30 ± 0.75 and 26.36 ± 1.84 <em>μ</em>M, respectively for compound <strong>18</strong>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted discovery of sesquiterpene indole alkaloids from Greenwayodendron suaveolens","authors":"Rany B. Mbeng Obame ,&nbsp;Pierre Le Pogam ,&nbsp;Karine Leblanc ,&nbsp;Somia Rharrabti ,&nbsp;Evodie Numbi wa Ilunga ,&nbsp;Véronique Fontaine ,&nbsp;Jean-François Gallard ,&nbsp;Pascal Retailleau ,&nbsp;Judicael Ella Ndong ,&nbsp;Marie Andrée N'negué ,&nbsp;Cédric Sima Obiang ,&nbsp;Félix Ovono Abessolo ,&nbsp;Charifat Said-Hassane ,&nbsp;Chaker El Kalamouni ,&nbsp;Elvis Otogo N'Nang ,&nbsp;Guillaume Bernadat ,&nbsp;Mehdi A. Beniddir","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout the past decades, annonaceous plants have been of particular interest to the natural product community because of their therapeutic value and their richness in isoquinoline alkaloids. Taking advantage from our laboratory historical collection of these compounds, a MS/MS database of 322 isoquinolines and other metabolites from Annonaceae was implemented and named IQAMDB. The present report describes the dereplication of known alkaloids from stem barks of <em>Greenwayodendron suaveolens</em> (Engl. &amp; Diels) Verdc. leveraging IQAMDB-informed feature-based molecular networking further refined by <em>in silico</em> annotation and taxonomic weighting. This strategy annotated over 30 compounds and streamlined the isolation of three sesquiterpene indole alkaloids (SIA) (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>). Structure elucidation and absolute configuration assignment by a combination of NMR, TDDFT-ECD or X-ray diffraction determined these compounds to be greenwaylactam D (<strong>1</strong>) and greenwaylactam E (<strong>2</strong>), previously undescribed Witkop-Winterfeldt oxidized diastereoisomers of the previously reported greenwaylactam A, and polyveodrine (<strong>3</strong>), that discloses an unprecedented relative configuration for a SIA. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Mycobacterium marinum</em> as well as their antiviral activity against Zika virus. Polyveodrine exhibited moderate antimycobacterial activity against <em>M. marinum</em>, whereas greenwaylactam D (<strong>1</strong>) demonstrated moderate antiviral activity against Zika virus under non-cytotoxic concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vernomigeodiins A–D, highly oxygenated stigmastane-type steroids isolated from Vernoniastrum migeodii with anti-herpes simplex virus activity","authors":"Morteza Yazdani ,&nbsp;Anita Barta ,&nbsp;Anasztázia Hetényi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bello Saidu ,&nbsp;Umar Shehu Gallah ,&nbsp;Róbert Berkecz ,&nbsp;Antal Csámpai ,&nbsp;Katalin Burián ,&nbsp;Dóra Paróczai ,&nbsp;Sara H.H. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Judit Hohmann","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previously undescribed steroids vernomigeodiins A–D (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong>), were isolated from the African medicinal plant <em>Vernoniastrum migeodii</em> along with known sterols <strong>5</strong>–<strong>10</strong> and the tripeptide aurantiamide acetate (<strong>11</strong>). The isolated steroids featured a stigmastane skeleton with a unique conjugated Δ^7,9(11)-diene segment and a highly oxidized side chain, occasionally forming a bi- or tricyclic ring system. Sterols <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>, <strong>5</strong>–<strong>9</strong> are glucosylated, whereas <strong>4</strong> and <strong>10</strong> are aglycons. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS analyses. The isolated sterols were evaluated for their antiviral activities against <em>Herpes simplex</em> virus type 2. First, their cytotoxicity was assessed in Vero cells using the standard MTT assay, and direct quantitative PCR was then used to evaluate the antiviral activity. Vernomigeodiins A (<strong>1</strong>) and B (<strong>4</strong>) and vernonioside B₁ (<strong>6</strong>) were not cytotoxic up to a concentration of 10 μM but reduced the HSV-2 viral DNA levels with IC₅₀ values between 0.25 and 0.56 μM. In addition, vernoamyoside B (<strong>9</strong>) showed a direct virucidal effect (IC₅₀ = 1.23 ± 0.15 μM). The interactions between the antiviral compounds and specific viral targets were investigated using molecular docking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-specific lipid transfer protein gene HcnsLTP111 positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)","authors":"Dengjie Luo ,&nbsp;Rehmat Ullah ,&nbsp;Renxue Li ,&nbsp;Benxian Li ,&nbsp;Caijin Wang ,&nbsp;Jiao Yue ,&nbsp;Jiao Pan ,&nbsp;Huaming Lu ,&nbsp;Yun Li ,&nbsp;Gang Jin ,&nbsp;Ru Li ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kenaf (<em>Hibiscus cannabinus</em> L.), an important bast fiber crop with strong abiotic stress tolerance, holds significant significance in the utilization of saline-alkali land and other marginal lands. Non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTPs) are key regulators of plant stress responses, yet their roles in kenaf and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncharacterized. In this study, a genome-wide analysis was conducted and 111 <em>nsLTP</em> genes were identified in kenaf. The identified genes exhibited an uneven distribution across 18 chromosomes and were grouped into nine distinct subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. <em>Ci</em>s-acting element analysis revealed that <em>HcnsLTPs</em> promoters are enriched with abiotic stress-responsive motifs, suggesting their pivotal role in stress adaptation. Expression profiling under drought and salt stress identified <em>HcnsLTP111</em> as a key stress-inducible gene, with significantly upregulated transcription and plasma membrane localization. Functional validation in yeast demonstrated that heterologous expression of <em>HcnsLTP111</em> enhanced survival rate under drought and salt conditions. Conversely, silencing of <em>HcnsLTP111</em> in kenaf via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in pronounced growth inhibition, reduced activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), elevated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished concentrations of osmoregulatory compounds. The expression levels of ROS-scavenging related genes (<em>HcSOD</em>, <em>HcPOD</em>, and <em>HcCAT</em>) and stress tolerance-related genes (<em>HcNHX1</em>, <em>HcSOS1</em>, <em>HcABF2</em>, <em>HcAAP2</em>, <em>HcIPCS1,</em> and <em>HcP5CS1</em>) were significantly reduced in the silenced lines. Additionally, the interaction between HcnsLTP111 and HcIPCS1, a key enzyme involved in stress signaling pathways, was shown through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) analyses. Collectively, <em>HcnsLTP111</em> acts as a positive regulator of drought and salt tolerance in kenaf by modulating ROS homeostasis and interacting with stress-response proteins. This study provides novel insights into nsLTP-mediated stress adaptation and identifies <em>HcnsLTP111</em> as a promising candidate for crop improvement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory polyketides from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides A887","authors":"Zhishen Shao ,&nbsp;Yuchan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Wei ,&nbsp;Saini Li ,&nbsp;Fangfang Duan ,&nbsp;Hongxin Liu ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six undescribed tetralone derivatives, cladosporids A-C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) and cladosporols K-M (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), together with eleven known cladosporols (<strong>7</strong>–<strong>17</strong>), were obtained from the endophytic fungus <em>Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides</em> A887, which was derived from <em>Aquilaria sinensis</em> (Lour.) Gilg. Specially, cladosporids A-C featured a previously undescribed skeleton with a fascinated 6/6/6/6/6-fused pentacyclic system, wherein cladosporids B and C were a pair of epimers. The structures and absolute configurations of these unreported compounds were determined using 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, UV, IR, ECD and quantum chemical calculations. In the bioassay, compounds <strong>10</strong>, <strong>11</strong>, <strong>15</strong>, and <strong>17</strong> exhibited significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.81 to 21.59 μM. To explore the binding interactions of the unreported derivatives (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) with their targets, molecular docking analysis was conducted against inducible nitric oxide synthase, revealing potential binding affinities and modes. Additionally, their plausible biosynthetic pathways were also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C21 steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitagawa: structural elucidation and biological evaluation","authors":"Chunmei Sai ,&nbsp;Xinyue Lun ,&nbsp;Fanzhu Meng ,&nbsp;Kangyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Qian Deng ,&nbsp;Huannan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiamei Tian ,&nbsp;Mengyue Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiming Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from the 95 % ethanol extract of <em>Cynanchum paniculatum</em> (Bunge) Kitagawa roots and rhizomes led to the isolation of eight previously undescribed C₂₁ steroidal glycosides (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>8</strong>) designated cynapanosides H–O, alongside eighteen known analogues. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis using HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR, and comparison with reported data. All isolated glycosides were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. Among these, cynapanoside K (<strong>4</strong>) exhibited antiproliferative effects on HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies revealed that <strong>4</strong> downregulated Bcl-2, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 protein expression while activating Caspase-9, suggesting mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways contribute to its cytotoxic activity. This study expands the chemical diversity of bioactive C₂₁ steroidal glycosides and provides insights into their potential antitumor mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 114661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}