Plant Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and molecular approaches for Fusarium wilt resistance in garden pea: advances and future outlook.","authors":"Neha Verma, Saurabh Yadav, Neha Rana, Rishabh Maheshwari, Manpreet Kaur, Priyanka Kumari, Parteek Kumar, Rajinder Kumar Dhall, Hira Singh, Priti Sharma, Parveen Chunneja","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01624-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01624-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Garden pea is an important leguminous crop valued for its protein-rich food source for human nutrition and enhancing agricultural sustainability by fixing nitrogen biologically. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges from pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Among these, Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi poses a severe threat, resulting in substantial yield losses globally. Four pathogenic races (1, 2, 5, and 6) of this fungus have been primarily identified, and its broad host range further complicates effective management. Traditional control methods including cultural practices, physical control, biological interventions, and chemical treatments have shown limited efficacy. Consequently, host-plant resistance has emerged as a sustainable and practical solution for managing FW. In this review, the advancements in genetics with modern molecular techniques such as SNP genotyping, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted selection for the development of FW resistant pea varieties were highlighted. Furthermore, we also discussed the omics techniques viz., transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics and innovative breeding techniques like CRISPR-mediated genome editing, speed breeding, and genomic selection for revolutionize FW resistance breeding programs in pea. Therefore, this review focuses on integrating cutting-edge molecular techniques with omics approaches to unravel Fusarium wilt defense mechanisms in garden pea, aiming to accelerate genetic gains and develop superior disease-resistant varieties for improved productivity and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Chemical application improves stress resilience in plants.","authors":"Khurram Bashir, Daisuke Todaka, Kaori Sako, Minoru Ueda, Farhan Aziz, Motoaki Seki","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01621-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01621-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligo-carrageenan kappa and oligo-ulvans stimulate growth in Arabidopsis thaliana by increasing the expression of proteins involved in primary metabolism, phytohormones synthesis and cell division.","authors":"Daniel Laporte, Danko Campos, Ian Guisti, Héctor Osorio, Jonathan E Maldonado, Alberto González, Alejandra Moenne","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01618-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01618-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrageenan kappa (CK), a polysaccharide obtained from marine red algae, oligo-carragenan kappa (OCK), an oligosaccharide obtained by acid hydrolysis of CK, and oligo-ulvans (OU), an oligosaccharide obtained by acid hydrolysis of ulvans from marine green algae, were sprayed on leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana at a concentration of 1 mg mL^- 1, five times, every two days, and plants were cultivated for ten additional days. Plants treated with water (control) or with an aqueous solution of CK, OCK and OU showed an increase in fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), mainly in those treated with OCK and OU. Plants treated with OCK and OU showed an increase in rosette diameter and length of the primary root, but not those treated with CK. Plants treated with OCK and OU showed an increase in the level of transcripts encoding enzymes such as rubisco, glutamine synthase and O-acetyl thiol lyase, but not those treated with CK. Plants treated with CK, OCK and OU showed an increase in transcripts encoding an enzyme involved in gibberellin A₃ synthesis whereas plants treated with OCK and OU showed increased transcript encoding an enzyme involved in epi-brassinolide synthesis, but not those treated with CK. Plants treated with OCK and OU showed increased transcripts encoding cyclin A, cyclin D and CDPKB, which regulate the cell cycle, but not those treated with CK. Plants treated with OCK and OU showed an increase in the number of cells per leaf area and in the content of total proteins. Thus, OCK and OU better stimulate growth of A. thaliana compared to CK by increasing the expression of genes involved in primary metabolism, phytohormone synthesis and cell division and act on different cellular pathways compared with CK. Therefore, these oligosaccharides can be useful for biotechnological purposes by increasing plant growth and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions associated with sodicity tolerance in rice.","authors":"Manoharan Akilan, Paramasiwam Jeyaprakash, Murugappan Shanmuganathan, Suresh Meena, Venugopal Rajanbabu, Adhimoolam Karthikeyan, Gunasekaran Ariharasutharsan, Kathiresan Pravin Kumar, Palanisamy Savitha, Pulapet Sowmya, Markkandan Kesavan, Chocklingam Vanniarajan","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01622-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01622-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is a major food crop and serves as the primary food source for over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia. However, its cultivation is constrained by several abiotic stresses, notably sodicity, which significantly reduces productivity and is expected to worsen in the near future. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with sodicity tolerance in rice. A rice association mapping panel consisting of 150 genotypes was evaluated for sodicity tolerance traits across four environments and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. The results revealed high phenotypic variation and heritability for six sodicity tolerance traits across the evaluated environments. The high-quality SNPs obtained were subjected to linkage disequilibrium (LD) block construction, resulting in 5,459 tag-SNPs, which were used for population structure and GWAS analyses. Population structure analysis revealed nine distinct sub-populations (k = 9) within the panel. GWAS, using three multi-locus models, identified 27 consistent and stable marker-trait associations (MTAs) for six sodicity tolerance traits across 10 chromosomes. A candidate gene search within the corresponding LD block regions identified 57 putative candidate genes associated with sodicity tolerance. Furthermore, gene-based haplotype analysis was conducted for these candidates and revealed that four genes-encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phenolics efflux transporter, DUF1296 family proteins, and F-box domain-containing proteins-exhibited significant differences among their haplotype groups. These candidate genes may serve as valuable resources for rice genetic improvement programs aimed at developing sodicity-tolerant rice cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sbmyb111 act as a transcriptional activator of flavonoid synthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis.","authors":"Yao Xu, En Li, Weiping Cao, Yingchao Zhang, Xinfang Zhang, Zhaoyu Liu, Shanshan Cai, Jiayu Wang, Fansheng Cheng, Ruibing Chen, Ting Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01603-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01603-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional medicinal plant originating in China, is widely cultivated for its therapeutic properties. The main bioactive substances in S. baicalensis are flavonoids, which exhibit extensive antibacterial and antiviral activities. However, the contents of these valuable natural product ingredients are relatively low in the plant. MYB transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism, including flavonoid biosynthesis. While the regulation of MYB transcription factors has been extensively studied in various species, research on their role in S. baicalensis remains relatively scarce. In this study, we identified SbMYB111, belonging to the S7 subgroup of R2R3-MYB transcription factors, which functions as a transcriptional activator and is localized in the nucleus. Through heterologous overexpression of SbMYB111 in Arabidopsis thaliana and suppression expression in S. baicalensis, we demonstrated that SbMYB111 acts as a positive regulator in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays validated that SbMYB111 activates the expression of SbC4H2, a key enzyme gene in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the transcriptional regulation mechanism of flavonoid synthesis and further developing medicinal resources of S.baicalensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiomics analysis reveals candidate genes and pathway involved in isoquinoline alkaloids in Zanthoxylum armatum DC. fruit.","authors":"Qianqian Qian, Zhihang Zhuo, Wenkai Liao, Yaqin Peng, Danping Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01605-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01605-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zanthoxylum armatum DC. fruit is a traditional spicy condiment and medicinal herb, and the prickly ash industry has developed into a pillar industry for specialty agricultural products in many regions of China. As one of the main components of Z. armatum, isoquinoline alkaloids have good biological activity and play an important role in the formation of flavor quality. In this study, we investigated the metabolites and genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids in Z. armatum fruits during three developmental periods. A total of 1167 metabolites and 5204 differentially expressed genes were detected by combining metabolome, SMRT sequencing and Illumina sequencing. The annotation results of KEGG database showed that four metabolites (levodopa, dopamine, tyramine, and magnoflorine) and eight differentially expressed genes were involved in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids in Z. armatum fruits. Specifically, metabolites Dopamine and Tyramine decreased with the development of Z. armatum, and the expression of the genes related to their regulation, Zardc00988 and Zardc23209, showed the same trend. This study contributes to our understanding of the biosynthesis and accumulation of Z. armatum isoquinoline alkaloids and provides a reference for the development of the medicinal value of Z. armatum.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical evidence that glucan-interacting amino acid side chains within the transmembrane channel collectively facilitate cellulose synthase function.","authors":"Albert L Kwansa, Arielle M Chaves, Joshua T Del Mundo, Ethan T Pierce, Esther W Gomez, Enrique D Gomez, Candace H Haigler, Yaroslava G Yingling, Alison W Roberts","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01615-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01615-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fundamental mechanism of cellulose synthesis is widely conserved across Kingdoms and depends on cellulose synthases, which are processive, dual-function, family 2 glycosyltransferases (GT-2). These enzymes polymerize glucose on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and export the glucan chain to the cell surface through an integral transmembrane (TM) channel. Structural studies of active plant cellulose synthases (CESAs) have revealed interactions between the nascent glucan chain and the side chains of polar, charged, and aromatic amino acid residues that line the TM channel. However, the functional consequences of modifying these side chains have not been tested in vivo in CESAs or other processive GT-2s. To test this, we used an established in vivo assay based on genetic complementation of CESA5 in the moss, Physcomitrium patens. For accurate prediction of glucan-interacting amino acid residues, we generated a complete homotrimeric molecular model of PpCESA5 using a combination of homology and de novo modeling. All-atom molecular dynamics-based analyses of contact metrics and interaction energy identified 23 amino acid residues with high propensity to interact with the nascent glucan chain within the TM channel or on the apoplastic surface of PpCESA5. Mutating any one of 18 of these amino acid residues to alanine, thereby removing their side chains, abolished or impaired CESA function, with the strongest effects observed upon the loss of charged amino acid side chains. This provides direct evidence to support the hypothesis that multiple amino acid residues collectively maintain a smooth energy landscape within the TM channel to facilitate glucan translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging trends in transgene-free crop development: insights into genome editing and its regulatory overview.","authors":"Vadthya Lokya, Surender Singh, Roni Chaudhary, Alka Jangra, Siddharth Tiwari","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01600-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01600-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome editing tools have revolutionized plant biology research offering unparalleled applications for genome manipulation and trait improvement in crops. Adopting such advanced biotechnological tools is inevitable to meet increasing global food demand and address challenges in food production, including (a)biotic stresses and inadequate nutritional value. Despite reliance on conventional genetic manipulation methods, the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing toolbox allows precise modification of DNA/RNA in a target organism's genome. So far, CRISPR-Cas has been widely used to enhance yield, quality, stress tolerance, and nutritional value in various food crops. However, challenges such as reagent delivery in suitable explants, precise editing with minimal off-target effect, and generating transgene-free plants persist as major bottlenecks in most plant species. Components of CRISPR-Cas construct mainly Cas, guide RNA (gRNA), and selectable marker genes are often integrated into the host genome, which raises regulatory concerns. However, adapting advanced gene-editing strategies, including high-efficiency Cas endonucleases, DNA-independent RNP delivery, morphogenetic regulators, and grafting-mediated editing, are paving the way for transgene-free crop improvement while easing biosafety regulations. Further, regulatory frameworks for genome-edited crops vary globally, with several countries accepting them and others debating their legal status. Hence, the disparity in global regulatory guidelines of genome editing curbs commercialization. The current review highlights the emerging CRISPR-mediated tools or methods and their applications in developing transgene-free designer crops to harness the benefits of advanced genome manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of yeast two-hybrid cDNA library and identification of interacting protein with McHDRa/b in Matricaria chamomilla L.","authors":"Honggang Wang, Luyao Yu, Shuangshuang Li, Jin Wang, Wenjing Cheng, Siqing Zhu, Feng Shi, Yuling Tai, Yi Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01606-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01606-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional aromatic medicinal plant, its flower contains volatile aromatic oil (essential oil). The main sesquiterpene components of the essential oil are (E)-β-farnesene, chamazulene, and α-bisabolol, these components have significant medicinal value and are used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, the German chamomile genome has not yet been cataloged in any database; consequently, research on the intricate regulatory network and interaction mechanisms among proteins in German chamomile remains limited. Furthermore, no study has thus far developed a yeast cDNA library for German chamomile. Therefore, we constructed a homogenized yeast cDNA library using different tissues of German chamomile, this yeast cDNA library had a titer of 1.444 × 10⁸ colony-forming units/mL, an average insert size of > 1,000 bp, and a positive rate of 100%. In addition, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase (HDS) that interacted with Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) involved in the final step of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway was verified through the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). At the same time, the expression pattern and function of McHDS were further analyzed. In conclusion, we successfully constructed a yeast cDNA library of German chamomile for the first time, and McHDS interacting with McHDRa/b was successfully screened, providing a reliable theoretical foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of its coordination with McHDRa/b to regulate the biosynthesis of (E)-β-farnesene in German chamomile. Which lays the groundwork for our comprehensive understanding of the protein interaction network involved in sesquiterpene synthesis of German chamomile.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing drought resilience in crops: mechanistic approaches in the face of climate challenge.","authors":"Hemangini Parmar, Anjana Goel, Temesgen Assefa Gelaw, Malireddy K Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s11103-025-01616-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-025-01616-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing drought resilience in crops has become a critical challenge in the face of global climate change, which is exacerbating the frequency and severity of drought events. This review explores mechanistic approaches aimed to improve crop drought tolerance, focusing on physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. We examine the key molecular pathways involved in drought stress responses, including the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathway, hormonal regulation, transcriptional control, and post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, and plant-microbe interaction. The review also delves into the mechanisms of drought stress tolerance, including drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. It highlights significant traits contributing to drought resilience, such as stomatal regulation and root architecture. Furthermore, we discuss genomics and breeding approaches, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and cutting-edge CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing technologies. These advanced techniques, such as base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing, transform crop improvement strategies by facilitating precise and efficient modifications for enhanced drought resilience, with the success stories in crops such as rice, maize, wheat, and others. Integrating these mechanistic and technological approaches offers promising avenues for developing drought-resilient crops, ensuring food security under increasingly unpredictable climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"115 4","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}