Plant Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Evolution, structural diversity and functional plasticity of plant derived multifunctional proteases and α-amylases inhibitors.","authors":"Pratiksha M Dongare, Varsha A Madage, Neha V Deshpande, Ashok P Giri, Pankaj K Pawar","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01767-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01767-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant derived multifunctional inhibitors (MFIs) are an important class of plant defense proteins that disrupt insect digestion by simultaneously impairing protein and carbohydrate catabolism. With the increasing knowledge of inhibitors of plant enzymes, MFIs have become a separate functional group. In this review we propose an extended definition that encompasses the classical inhibitors acting on structurally unrelated enzymes and also inhibitors acting on enzymes of the same substrate pathway, e.g. α-amylase/α-glucosidase and trypsin/chymotrypsin systems. Most of the MFIs consist of single polypeptide chains with spatially separated inhibitory sites, which allow simultaneous inhibition of several enzyme targets. The structural organization, inhibitory mechanism and evolutionary diversification of these inhibitors are reviewed with emphasis on the major families including Bowman-Birk, Kunitz-type and cereal trypsin/α-amylase inhibitors. Their domain architecture, disulfide bond patterns and structure-function relationships are discussed in view of their remarkable stability and functional versatility. Recent advances in computational structural biology, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and AlphaFold-based protein structure prediction, have promoted mechanistic insights and enabled structure-guided engineering of improved inhibitors. The review also discusses the evolutionary origin of MFIs through gene duplication, domain shuffling, sequence diversification and adaptive evolution, and emerging approaches such as protein engineering, recombinant expression, synthetic biology and genome editing. Finally, the applications in crop protection, development of biopesticides and food biotechnology, as well as the challenges regarding insect adaptation, evolution of resistance, biosafety and ecological impacts are critically discussed. Bridging current gaps in structural characterization and in vivo validation is necessary for the translation of MFIs into sustainable agricultural and biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUBY expression alters development and metabolism in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Amandeep Cheema, Kasavajhala V S K Prasad, Enamul Huq, Anireddy S N Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01764-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01764-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetically encoded reporters are indispensable tools for monitoring gene expression, transformation efficiency, and diverse cellular processes in plants. The betalain-based RUBY reporter has recently emerged as a convenient visual marker requiring no substrates or specialized equipment, and it has been widely used for a variety of applications. However, the developmental and metabolic consequences of its expression remain unexplored. Here, we show that independent transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing RUBY exhibit profound alterations in growth and reproductive development. RUBY-expressing plants were significantly smaller, produced fewer leaves, flowered later, and frequently developed malformed siliques with reduced seed yield. In addition, root architecture was severely impaired, with a marked reduction in the number of lateral roots. This phenotype was not rescued by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Targeted metabolomic profiling revealed widespread alterations in amino acid and hormone pools, including reduced indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin, alongside accumulation of auxin precursors. Disruption of RUBY expression by suppressing the third enzyme (glucosyltransferase) restored the RUBY-associated phenotypes to wild-type. Together, our findings show that RUBY expression in Arabidopsis thaliana is not metabolically neutral; rather, it perturbs both development and metabolism by disrupting hormone and amino acid homeostasis. These results highlight reporter-associated trade-offs and underscore the necessity of regulated expression systems, such as inducible or tissue-specific expression, to expand the utility of RUBY in plant research and biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of Nod25 function does not affect nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in Medicago truncatula.","authors":"János Barnabás Biró, Ágota Domonkos, Berivan Güngör, Attila Farkas, Elmira Mohammadi Eghbash, György Botond Kiss, Péter Kaló","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01766-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01766-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic nodules is a complex process that involves extensive transcriptional reprogramming of legume roots to enable intracellular accommodation of host compatible rhizobia. This process requires coordinated regulation of hundreds to thousands of genes, including the induction of highly expressed genes, traditionally referred to as nodulin genes. While the functions of many nodulins have been elucidated, a substantial number remained poorly characterized, or their functions are still unclear. One such gene, NOD25, was originally identified based on differential hybridization between roots and nodules and is expressed at exceptionally high levels in Medicago nodules. MtNOD25-like proteins in IRLC legumes exhibit a repetitive modular structure flanked by conserved N- and C-terminal regions, with clade-specific repeat organization. To understand the role of NOD25 in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, we generated loss-of-function mutants in Medicago truncatula using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Four independent Mtnod25 mutant lines displayed normal growth under symbiotic conditions and showed no detectable defects in nodule colonization, symbiosome formation, or bacteroid differentiation. These results indicate that MtNOD25 is not essential for symbiosis in M. truncatula under the conditions tested. However, the biological function of MtNOD25 has not yet been elucidated, and its highly specialized evolutionary conservation suggests that it may have a specific, non-essential role in modulating or fine-tuning symbiotic processes under particular environmental or physiological conditions that remain to be defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To acetylate or deacetylate? WIND1 directs opposing H3K27 modifications in plant somatic cell reprogramming.","authors":"Julia Falińska, Katarzyna Nowak, Barbara Wójcikowska","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01765-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01765-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the mechanisms that trigger the embryogenic program in plant somatic cells remains a major focus of modern molecular biology, because this process is widely used for clonal propagation, cryopreservation, and genetic transformation. Recently, Iwase et al. demonstrated that the transcription factor WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1 (WIND1) can simultaneously promote histone H3 acetylation at lysine 27 and induce expression of genes associated with the embryogenic response, while also activating deacetylation of this histone and repressing genes associated with differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses; signaling pathways and secondary metabolite synthesis in plants.","authors":"Adnan Amin, Khizar Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01757-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01757-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are susceptible to several biotic and abiotic stressors, including pathogens, extreme salinity, temperature, and drought. Continuous exposure to these conditions activates complex molecular mechanisms in plants. These include stress-signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones such as cytokins, salicylic acid, auxins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. These signaling molecules further interact with cellular pathways regulating stress-responsive gene expression through transcription factors such as DREBs, MYBs, bZIPs, and NACs. Key cellular pathways include mitogen-activated protein, calcium-dependent protein, and receptor-like kinases. Under continuous stress signaling, plants adopt adaptive strategies, including increased biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that protect against oxidative stress, pathogens, herbivores, and environmental stress. Major secondary metabolites include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and saponins. These molecules modulate redox homeostasis and activate antioxidant defense systems, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Advanced genomic and molecular tools reveal complex interactions between secondary metabolite synthesis and stress signaling. This suggests a novel approach to enhancing plant stress tolerance and improving crop resilience through genetic manipulation of these pathways. Given the complexity of these pathways, integrated system biology approaches are highly useful. Therefore, this review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms controlling plant stress regulation and their relationship to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This review further proposes integrative system-biology approaches to enhance stress tolerance and to produce bioactive compounds for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-preferential transcriptome profiling reveals senescence associated transcriptional programs linked to nutrient remobilization in rice flag leaves during grain filling.","authors":"Giwon Kim, Xu Jiang, Yo-Han Yoo, Woo-Jong Hong, Ki-Hong Jung","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01762-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01762-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf senescence during grain filling in cereals redistributes carbon, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients from source leaves to developing grains, thereby strongly affecting yield formation. Here, we profiled rice flag leaf transcriptomes at five reproductive stages (1 week before heading, heading, and 1, 3, and 5 weeks after heading) and identified stage-preferential genes using an intersection-based criterion in which genes upregulated at one stage were compared with those at all other stages. Transcriptional reprogramming was most pronounced at heading, with 419 preferentially expressed genes, and at five weeks after heading, with 1317 genes. Genes preferentially expressed at heading were enriched in jasmonate-related and defense-associated processes, whereas genes preferentially expressed at five weeks after heading were associated with senescence, nutrient transport, alternative respiration, and plastid regulation. A STRING-guided protein-protein interaction network integrating genes preferentially expressed at five weeks after heading with reference genes from the Leaf Senescence Database identified hub candidates associated with chloroplast and chlorophyll turnover and nitrogen remobilization. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis in the pale-green leaf mutant (pgl) revealed broadly reduced expression of representative hub genes, suggesting attenuation of late-stage senescence network activity. Together, these findings provide a stringent stage-resolved framework for prioritizing regulators of late senescence in rice flag leaves during grain filling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γ‑polyglutamic acid‑induced GhJAZ8 positively regulates drought tolerance in cotton associated with phytohormone signaling.","authors":"Xilin Wang, Kunduziayi Kudelaiti, Wanwan Fu, Aixia Han, Xingyue Zhong, Zhiyan Bao, Duofu Shan, Yijing Lou, Haonan Chen, Mengya Jiang, Yunhao Liusui, Jingbo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01763-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01763-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton growth is frequently constrained by drought stress. Previous studies demonstrated that γ-PGA enhances cotton drought tolerance. Transcriptome analysis of γ-PGA-treated cotton revealed that multiple TIFY family members were markedly induced, among which GhJAZ8 showed the most pronounced upregulation. Sequence analysis indicated that GhJAZ8 belongs to the JAZ/TIFY5A subfamily, and its expression was significantly upregulated under drought stress. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhJAZ8 markedly decreased drought tolerance in cotton, evidenced by aggravated leaf wilting, reduced RWC, elevated MDA content, weakened antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased proline accumulation. Conversely, overexpression of GhJAZ8 in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced drought tolerance. Furthermore, γ-PGA treatment improved drought tolerance in both TRV2 and GhJAZ8-silenced plants, but the effect was more pronounced in TRV2 plants, indicating that GhJAZ8 is required for the full effect of γ-PGA. Exogenous MeJA treatment only partially alleviated the drought-sensitive phenotype of GhJAZ8-silenced plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that DEGs were predominantly enriched in ABA, JA, and SA signaling pathways, and hormone quantification further confirmed that GhJAZ8 silencing significantly altered endogenous ABA, JA, and SA levels. Taken together, this study reveals that GhJAZ8 functions as a positive regulator in cotton drought response and acts as an important downstream component of the γ-PGA-mediated drought tolerance pathway by modulating multiple phytohormone signaling pathways, providing a candidate gene resource for drought-tolerant cotton breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-genome characterization of the maize 4CL gene family and its dynamic responses to abiotic stress.","authors":"Jingbing Zhao, Lingshuang Ren, Lili Li, Dongnan Shao","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01760-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01760-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1.Pan-genome analysis across 26 maize inbred lines identified 13 Zm4CL genes (nine core and four near-core) classified into three evolutionary clades.2.Structural variations (SVs) are significantly associated with the expression and altered conserved protein domains of key Zm4CL genes.3.Zm4CL genes exhibit distinct tissue-specific expression patterns and dynamic enzymatic and transcriptional responses to stresses, particularly cold and drought.4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. However, a comprehensive pan-genome analysis of the 4CL gene family in maize is still lacking. In this study, 13 Zm4CL genes were identified from a maize pan-genome comprising 26 diverse inbred lines, including nine core genes and four near-core genes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three evolutionary clades, while Ka/Ks analysis indicated that most members have been maintained under purifying selection, although several genes exhibited greater evolutionary divergence and relatively relaxed evolutionary constraints. Structural variation (SV) analysis revealed significant associations between SVs and the expression of Zm4CL2 and Zm4CL3, while sequence comparisons suggested that SVs were also associated with alterations in conserved protein domains in some genotypes. Transcriptome analyses revealed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns and diverse transcriptional responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Enzyme activity assays showed that cold stress significantly increased 4CL activity at 12 h, whereas heat, salt, and alkali stresses caused an initial decrease followed by recovery, while drought had no significant effect. Time-course RT-qPCR further validated dynamic expression changes of representative Zm4CL genes under cold and drought stresses. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive pan-genome framework for understanding the evolutionary conservation, regulatory diversification, and stress-responsive characteristics of the maize Zm4CL gene family, providing valuable resources for future functional studies and the genetic improvement of stress tolerance in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinpointing genomic regions conferring herbicide tolerance in cassava via genome-wide association mapping.","authors":"Reisane Teles Santiago, Massaine Bandeira E Souza, Diego Fernando Marmolejo Cortes, Eder Jorge de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01761-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01761-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical crop of major socioeconomic importance, whose productivity can be limited by sensitivity to herbicides used for weed management. This study aimed to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 194 cassava genotypes to identify genomic regions associated with tolerance to the herbicides mesotrione, S-metolachlor, and chloransulam-methyl. The evaluations performed at 3, 6, 9, 15, and 30 days after application (DAA) were used to characterize the temporal progression of phytotoxicity. Based on this analysis, the phenotype obtained at 9 days after application (PhytoX9DAA) was selected for genome-wide association analyses because it represented the period of greatest symptom expression and the highest discrimination among genotypes. GWAS analyses were performed using de-regressed BLUPs and the MLM, MLMM, and BLINK models, incorporating kinship (K) and population structure (Q) matrices. Significant markers were detected across multiple chromosomes, and the corresponding genomic windows contained candidate genes with functional annotations related to herbicide response. The predominant functional categories included membrane transport, channel activity, signal peptide processing, protein phosphorylation, cellular signaling, and metabolic regulation. Key candidate genes included Manes.02G151900 and Manes.02G152700 (chromosome 2), associated with transmembrane transport and signal peptide processing; Manes.09G060900 (chromosome 9), associated with protein kinase activity, ATP binding, and protein phosphorylation; and Manes.15G083800 and Manes.15G084000 (chromosome 15), associated with S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity, membrane-related functions, and protein phosphorylation. These genes participate in biochemical pathways involved in cellular signaling, membrane transport, and metabolic regulation that may contribute to herbicide tolerance. Overall, the results demonstrate that herbicide tolerance in cassava is a quantitative and polygenic trait governed by numerous small-effect loci. The integration of cellular signaling, metabolic regulation, and membrane transport supports the physiological resilience of the species under chemical exposure, providing valuable insights for breeding strategies and marker-assisted selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of galactan synthesis in pea (Pisum sativum) causes defects in organ expansion and is associated with increased extensin content.","authors":"Xiaoyuan Guo, Ajay Kumar, Ida Elisabeth Johansen, Jesper Harholt, William G T Willats, Peter Ulvskov, Jozef Mravec","doi":"10.1007/s11103-026-01759-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11103-026-01759-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pectic galactan is a rhamnogalacturonan-I side chain, composed of β-(1→4)-linked D-galactose residues. Its multifunctional role in cell wall assembly and properties has been proposed in various developmental contexts. In this study, we investigated the role of galactan in pea (Pisum sativum syn. Lathyrus oleraceus). First, we used glycan profiling to examine stems with different auxin-induced elongation rates for changes in cell wall composition. The galactan epitopes, recognised with the LM5 monoclonal antibody, were more abundant in the convex, more elongated part of the pea stem. This finding was supported by monosaccharide composition analysis and epitope detection chromatography (EDC). To evaluate the impact of disrupting galactan synthesis on pea development, we used Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) to downregulate the auxin-inducible pea ortholog of Arabidopsis β-1,4-galactosyltransferases of the GT92 family (PsGALS3). Plants with silenced PsGALS3 exhibited severe defects in elongation and vegetative organ growth. Microarray polymer profiling (MAPP) revealed that, alongside the reduction in galactan epitopes, the cell wall proteoglycan extensin content increased in these plants, as confirmed by in situ immunohistological analysis. Our results provide new evidence linking galactan to cell and organ expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}