Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Association between vascular risk factors and the presence of uveitic macular edema in non-infectious uveitis: A retrospective cohort study in a southern Spain population.","authors":"Irene Temblador-Barba, Javier Benitez-Del-Castillo, Alfredo Michan-Doña, Alejo Rodriguez-Suarez","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2739453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2739453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of age and other vascular risk factors (VRFs) - arterial hypertension (AHT), hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, and obesity defined by a high body mass index (BMI) - on the presence of uveitic macular edema (UME) in patients with uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational cohort study of 390 patients with non-infectious uveitis treated at the University Hospital of Jerez from 2015 to 2021 was carried out. Data collected included age, sex, follow-up time (months), AHT, hypercholesterolemia, DM, smoking, and BMI. Patients were divided into those with UME (<i>n</i> = 84) and those without UME (<i>n</i> = 306). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between VRFs and the presence of UME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 patients presented with UME (21.5%). Patients with a high BMI were 2.031 times more likely to develop UME (OR 2.031, 95% CI 1.238-3.331, <i>p</i> = 0.005) compared to those with normal weight. Smokers had a 1.681-fold increased risk compared to non-smokers (OR 1.681, 95% CI 1.003-2.817, <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>History of smoking and high BMI were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of UME in patients with uveitis. These findings may have important clinical implications, as smoking and high BMI are potentially modifiable factors. Recognizing and addressing these factors may contribute to improved risk management and disease control in patients with uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral en coup de sabre with bilateral ophthalmic involvement and hearing loss: A rare case report with review of literature.","authors":"Ramneek Mahal, Saurabh Verma, Shorya Vardhan Azad, Nawazish Shaikh, Devesh Kumawat, Ashish Markan, Pradeep Venkatesh","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2741722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2741722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>En coup de sabre (ECDS) is a rare craniofacial variant of linear scleroderma characterized by a band-like induration of the frontoparietal skin resembling the strike of a sabre. Bilateral involvement is exceptionally rare, and concurrent bilateral ophthalmic manifestations with mixed hearing loss (sensorineural and conductive) have not been previously described.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We report a case of bilateral ECDS presenting with bilateral periorbital involvement including madarosis and adnexal skin atrophy, along with bilateral hearing loss and retinal ischemia resulting in extensive neovascularization.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A structured review of reported ophthalmic manifestations in linear scleroderma and ECDS is presented. The simultaneous occurrence of bilateral ocular adnexal involvement, retinal ischemia causing tractional retinal detachment (TRD), secondary Coats-like features, and bilateral mixed hearing loss in bilateral ECDS is a previously unreported combination that widens the phenotypic spectrum of this condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the need for comprehensive ophthalmic and audiological surveillance in all patients with ECDS, particularly those with bilateral or extensive craniofacial disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosed Cases of Posterior Scleritis: A Case Series and Review of Literature.","authors":"Rakshita Kene, Giriraj Manna, Jyotirmay Biswas, Peter McCluskey, Parthopratim Dutta Majumder","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2735414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2735414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case series of posterior scleritis referred with an initial misdiagnosis to a tertiary eye care center and to review the literature on misdiagnosed cases of posterior scleritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with posterior scleritis, along with a systematic review of published reports on misdiagnosed cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between January 2013 and June 2023, 48 cases of posterior scleritis were evaluated, of which 27 patients (30 eyes; 56.2%) had been initially misdiagnosed elsewhere. The mean age was 44.6 ± 17.5 years (range, 11-73 years), with a female predominance (66.6%). Common initial misdiagnoses included choroidal or retinochoroidal mass lesions and optic neuritis (18.5% each), followed by orbital cellulitis (14.8%), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and posterior uveitis (11.1% each). Rare misdiagnoses included conjunctivitis, sarcoid panuveitis, anterior uveitis, and hemicranial headache. Ocular pain (70.3%), reduced vision (74.1%), and redness (44.4%) were common presenting features, while 25.9% had no visual complaints. Anterior uveitis was noted in 22.2% and vitritis in 14.8%. Fundus findings included subretinal fluid (56.6%), optic disc edema (36.6%), choroidal folds (26.6%), and mass-like lesions (16.6%). B-scan ultrasonography was performed in only 33.3% of cases, with none demonstrating a T-sign. A literature review identified previously reported misdiagnosed cases, which were analyzed and tabulated with their clinical features and reasons for misdiagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Posterior scleritis is frequently overlooked due to its protean and heterogeneous clinical presentations, leading to misdiagnosis as other ocular or orbital conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Retinal Necrosis or Lymphoma?","authors":"Rocco Bruno, Fabrizio Gozzi, Luca De Simone, Pietro Gentile, Elena Bolletta, Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Luca Cimino","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2741379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2741379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe an atypical presentation of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) mimicking acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and to identify its initial findings that argue against necrotizing viral retinitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational case report with clinical and imaging assessment, aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy with cytologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 74-year-old woman presented with progressive visual decline in the left eye (LE). Slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse granulomatous keratic precipitates with inferior coalescence and mild anterior chamber inflammation, without ciliary injection, posterior synechiae, raised intraocular pressure or pain. Fundus visualization was limited by dense vitreous haze. Ultra-widefield imaging demonstrated poorly defined whitish retinal lesions suggestive of necrotizing retinitis. B-scan ultrasonography showed marked vitreous heterogeneity with an attached retina, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated hyperreflective material located between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch membrane. Infectious workup, including PCR for <i>Herpes simplex</i> virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, was negative. No antiviral therapy was administered. Diagnostic vitrectomy revealed atypical CD20-positive lymphoid cells with MYD88 L265P mutation and an elevated interleukin-10/interleukin-6 ratio, confirming PVRL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PVRL may closely mimic ARN, particularly in unilateral cases with granulomatous features. In this eye, three findings argued against necrotizing viral retinitis: massive keratic precipitates without ocular congestion, retinal lesions lacking the peripheral circumferential pattern of ARN, and sub-retinal pigment epithelial infiltration on OCT. All were available at the first visit despite severe media opacity, and should shorten the interval to vitreous biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study of Tear Cytokines to Assess Ocular Surface Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Referral Centre: First Report from the Asia-Pacific Region.","authors":"Reema Bansal, Athisankaran Punniyamurthy, Indu Verma, Sadhna Sharma, Ashish Bhalla, Mini P Singh, Pankaj Malhotra, Vikas Suri, Ritin Mohindra, Shyam Charan Meena, Sanjay Jaswal, Vishali Gupta, G D Puri","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2735427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2735427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare systemic (serum) and local (tear) cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients across varying disease severities and durations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, cross-sectional study evaluated four cohorts (<i>n</i> = 30 each): healthy controls, \"mild,\" \"moderate,\" and \"severe\" COVID-19. Baseline tear and blood samples were collected. Target cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF) were quantified. Group comparisons across disease severities and duration (1-7; 8-14; >15 days) were assessed (omnibus Kruskal-Wallis H tests and post-hoc Dunn's tests with Bonferroni correction). Linear regression mapped serum-to-tear concentration correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systemically, serum IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and TNF (<i>p</i> = 0.003) were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients, while serum IL-4 was suppressed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Global group variations existed for tear IL-6 (H = 9.49, <i>p</i> = 0.023) and tear IL-10 (H = 12.95, <i>p</i> = 0.005); post-hoc testing revealed significant elevations in \"severe\" cases (mean rank 72.63 for IL-6; 75.13 for IL-10) compared to \"mild\" cases (48.42 for IL-6; 47.72 for IL-10). No significant differences occurred for IL-2, IL-17A, or IFN-γ (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Temporally, serum IL-4 (<i>p</i> = 0.041), serum IL-17A (<i>p</i> = 0.043), and tear IL-17A (<i>p</i> = 0.019) showed significant duration shifts. Correlations were moderately positive for IFN-γ (<i>r</i> = .390, R² = .152), TNF (<i>r</i> = .387, R² = .150), and IL-10 (<i>r</i> = .344, R² = .118). Six (6.7%) COVID-19 patients had positive conjunctival RT-PCR swabs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Localised ocular surface cytokine expression partially mirrored systemic COVID-19 immune response. Tear TNF and IL-4 matched systemic profiles, while tear IL-6 and IL-10 displayed unique trends with selective peaks in \"severe\" cohorts. Non-invasive tear assays are viable tools for studying localized inflammatory profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Drug Antibody-Associated Biologic Switch in Bilateral Aggressive Mooren's Ulcer.","authors":"Joyce W Kuo, Thomas L Steinemann","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2734582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2734582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of bilateral aggressive Mooren's ulcer (MU) requiring hospitalization, multimodal immunosuppression, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α biologic switching guided by therapeutic drug monitoring due to anti-adalimumab antibody (AAA) formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational case report prepared in accordance with the CARE guidelines. A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department with bilateral corneal ulceration and high perforation risk. Comprehensive infectious and autoimmune evaluation was performed. Treatment included topical and systemic corticosteroids, methotrexate, amniotic membrane grafting, tarsorrhaphy, and sequential biologic therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bilateral aggressive MU was diagnosed after exclusion of infectious and systemic autoimmune etiologies, including the absence of scleritis. The patient required escalation from adalimumab to infliximab following AAA formation associated with secondary loss of response. Serum adalimumab trough concentration and AAA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time of suspected treatment failure. At two-year follow-up on continuous infliximab therapy, the right eye had dense corneal scarring with hand motion vision, while the left eye achieved 20/20 best-corrected visual acuity following cataract extraction during sustained disease quiescence, with no recurrence observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates AAA-associated biologic switching in MU-a phenomenon well described in uveitis but not previously reported in peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Therapeutic drug monitoring may have a role in optimizing biologic therapy for severe corneal autoimmune disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Vitrectomy Within Three Days of Symptom Onset is Associated with Greater Visual Recovery in Exogenous Infectious Endophthalmitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Chia-An Hsu, Meng-Jou Chen, Chang-Chi Weng, Yu-Bai Chou, Yi-Ming Huang, Tai-Chi Lin, Shih-Jen Chen, De-Kuang Hwang","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2739465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2739465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed within 72 hours of symptom onset is associated with greater visual recovery compared with initial tap-and-inject therapy in exogenous infectious endophthalmitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with exogenous infectious endophthalmitis at a tertiary referral centre (2009-2018). Eyes were classified according to whether PPV was performed within 72 hours of symptom onset, irrespective of preceding intravitreal antibiotics injection; eye without PPV during this window comprised the injection-first comparison group. The primary endpoint was logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change at three months; secondary endpoints were absolute BCVA and BCVA change at one year. Multivariable linear regression identified independent outcome predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four eyes were included (20 early PPV; 64 tap-and-inject). Despite worse baseline BCVA in the early PPV group (2.18 ± 0.36 vs. 1.62 ± 0.82 logMAR), three-month BCVA improvement was significantly greater (-1.28 ± 0.78 vs. -0.64 ± 0.89 logMAR; <i>p</i> = 0.01). The benefit persisted at one year (-1.51 ± 0.77 vs. -0.79 ± 0.96 logMAR; <i>p</i> = 0.012). Multivariable regression confirmed early PPV as an independent predictor of better three-month BCVA change (β =  -0.647; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and greater one-year improvement (β =  -0.578; <i>p</i> = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early vitrectomy within a 72-hour window is associated with significantly greater visual recovery in exogenous infectious endophthalmitis, independent of presenting BCVA. Both presenting visual acuity and time from symptom onset should jointly inform treatment decisions, supporting a management approach that might extend beyond conventional EVS criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Safety of Recombinant Zoster Vaccination in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Cohort Study.","authors":"Michael Kozlov, Nicholas Stratigakis, Sapna Syal, Neha Gadaria","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2741723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2741723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the risk of ophthalmic adverse events following recombinant zoster vaccination (Shingrix) in adults aged 50 and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX Research Network to compare Shingrix recipients with unvaccinated adults aged 50 years and older who had at least two medical examination encounters on or after January 1, 2017. Shingrix recipients and unvaccinated controls were matched 1:1 using nearest-neighbor propensity score matching for demographics, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization. Outcomes of interest included one-year incidence of zoster eye disease, keratitis, conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, scleritis, optic neuritis, retinal vascular occlusion, and ophthalmology follow-up. Risk ratios and Cox proportional hazards models with log-rank testing were used to estimate effect sizes. Secondary analyses examined ocular outcomes among Shingrix recipients stratified by non-ocular zoster history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 837,362 patients remained in each cohort with well-balanced baseline characteristics. Shingrix recipients had higher ophthalmology follow-up than controls (5.65% vs 4.51%; HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.25-1.29; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Zoster eye disease was less frequent after Shingrix vaccination (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.02), as was keratitis (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.78; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Iridocyclitis, scleritis, optic neuritis, and retinal vascular occlusion were rare and not significantly increased. Prior non-ocular zoster was associated with higher rates of ophthalmology follow-up, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and optic neuritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shingrix vaccination was not associated with increased serious ophthalmic adverse events and was associated with lower rates of zoster eye disease and keratitis. Prior non-ocular zoster history may identify patients with greater baseline susceptibility to ocular diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Long-Term Incidence of Ocular Manifestations in Sarcoidosis: A Large Nationwide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Uria Shani, Yonatan Shneor Patt, Scott Ehrenberg, Yoav Elizur, Arnon D Cohen, Howard Amital, Niv Ben-Shabat","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2739457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2739457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ocular involvement causes major vision-threatening morbidity in sarcoidosis. Population-based evidence on the full ocular spectrum, long-term incidence, and organ-specific patterns remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nationwide 1:1 matched case-control study with a longitudinal retrospective cohort component, using the electronic health record (EHR) database of Clalit Health Services (CHS; Israel's largest health organization), comprising 12 076 adults matched on age and sex. We examined prevalence and post-diagnosis incidence of all five principal ocular manifestations (uveitis, optic neuritis, glaucoma, retinitis, scleritis) using multivariable logistic and Cox regression, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and 8 comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five ocular phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in sarcoidosis, most strikingly optic neuritis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.44-44.88, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and uveitis (aOR 7.15, 95% CI 5.54-9.22, <i>p</i> < 0.001); any ocular manifestation aOR 3.03 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Over a median 11.3-year follow-up, sarcoidosis was associated with increased risk of any ocular manifestation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.44, 95% CI 2.00-2.97) and uveitis (aHR 6.65, 95% CI 4.72-9.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Incident glaucoma was not elevated (aHR 0.90, <i>p</i> = 0.472), suggesting that the cross-sectional excess largely reflects prevalent disease. In an exploratory within-case analysis, cardiac involvement was associated with retinitis (adjusted OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.50-12.66, <i>p</i> = 0.007), based on few events (37 retinitis cases) and requiring prospective validation. This pairing was the strongest organ-ocular signal observed.      .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarcoidosis was associated with elevated prevalence of all five ocular outcomes and increased incident uveitis risk; retinitis showed a directionally elevated but imprecise estimate, whereas glaucoma risk was not increased. The exploratory cardiac-retinitis association warrants prospective evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking Beyond the Surface: Multimodal Assessment of Subclinical Microvascular Changes in Juvenile SLE Using OCTA and Nailfold Capillaroscopy.","authors":"Bengisu Menentoğlu, Dilara Berrin Güzel, Selen Duygu Arık, Gülşah Kavrul Kayaalp, Ayşenur Gencer, Figen Çakmak, Fatma Gül Demirkan, Ozlem Akgün, Edibe Pembegul Yıldız, Nihat Sayin, Nuray Aktay Ayaz","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2734575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2734575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is characterized by immune-mediated microvascular injury. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) enable noninvasive assessment of microcirculation. This study aimed to evaluate retinal structural and microvascular alterations in jSLE using OCT/OCTA and investigate their association with peripheral microvascular findings evaluated by NVC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 31 patients with jSLE and 43 healthy controls. Retinal structural parameters, vessel density of the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics were analyzed. Associations between OCT/OCTA parameters, clinical variables, and capillaroscopic findings were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with jSLE had reduced retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (median 91 vs. 99 µm; <i>p</i> = 0.006) and choroidal thickness (427.5 vs. 449 µm; <i>p</i> = 0.002). SCP vessel density was lower across multiple regions (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01),DCP parameters did not differ (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). RNFL demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for jSLE (AUC = 0.693), with a cut-off of 100.5 µm (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 44.2%).NVC revealed non-specific abnormalities in 64.5% of patients, with capillary tortuosity in 54.8%. Significant associations persisted between capillary dilatation and ganglion cell layer thickness (<i>r</i> =  -0.705), crossing capillaries and SCP density (<i>r</i> = 0.785), and abnormal capillaries and FAZ parameters (<i>r</i> =  -0.654).No consistent associations were observed between retinal parameters and disease activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>jSLE is associated with subclinical retinal structural and microvascular alterations. The limited overlap between retinal and peripheral microvascular findings suggests that OCT/OCTA and NVC capture complementary aspects of disease-related vascular injury, supporting a multimodal imaging approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}