Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献_第4页

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated Anterior Uveitis Among Pediatric Patients in the IRIS Registry from 2013-2017.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2480658

Howard Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Xiaoke Feng, Xiangyu Ji, Qingxia Chen, Flora Lum, Sapna Gangaputra

{"title":"Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated Anterior Uveitis Among Pediatric Patients in the IRIS Registry from 2013-2017.","authors":"Howard Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Xiaoke Feng, Xiangyu Ji, Qingxia Chen, Flora Lum, Sapna Gangaputra","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2480658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2480658","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and visual outcomes in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U).Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the IRIS® Registry for patients < 18 years old diagnosed with JIA-U between 2013-2017. Visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were taken at baseline and months six and 12. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine risk factors for poor visual outcomes. Event probability of outcomes was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: One thousand ninety-nine patients with JIA-U were identified; the prevalence was 42.4 per 100,000 pediatric cases (95% CI: 40.0-45.0). Most participants were white (73%) and female (72%). Seventy-nine percent of participants had a VA of 20/25 or better at the time of cohort entry, as compared to 77% at six months and 78% at 12 months. Nineteen percent (95% CI: 15.9% - 22.8%) of patients with good baseline VA (20/25 or better) experienced a drop to 20/50 or worse in the first 12 months. Patients with poorer baseline VA were more likely to experience this event (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.16-6.38, p = 0.018). Twenty percent of patients (95% CI: 16.5% - 22.7%) received their first immunomodulatory therapy in the first two years after cohort entry, and 60.6% added a second IMT within the subsequent year.Conclusion: Our study reports a higher prevalence of JIA-U within the IRIS Registry than prior studies that drew from academic referral centers. Poorer baseline VA was significantly associated with poorer vision outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ischemic Ocular Involvement in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2486361

Sébastien Laburthe, Thibaud Loupret, Romain Foré, Kim-Heang Ly, Simon Parreau

引用次数: 0

Correction.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2483609

引用次数: 0

Outcomes After Silicone Oil Removal in Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis Who Underwent Vitrectomy.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2477193

Boya Lei, Xin Chen, Min Zhou, Ting Zhang, Ruiping Gu, Qinmeng Shu, Qing Chang, Gezhi Xu, Rui Jiang

{"title":"Outcomes After Silicone Oil Removal in Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis Who Underwent Vitrectomy.","authors":"Boya Lei, Xin Chen, Min Zhou, Ting Zhang, Ruiping Gu, Qinmeng Shu, Qing Chang, Gezhi Xu, Rui Jiang","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2477193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2477193","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the outcomes after silicone oil removal (SOR) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).Methods: Retrospective case series. Patients diagnosed with ARN-associated retinal detachment (RD) who underwent vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade and subsequent SOR between January 2013 and December 2021 who were followed up for ≥1 year after SOR were included. The medical records before and after SOR were reviewed.Results: Fifty-three eyes from 52 patients were included. SOR was conducted at 201.3 ± 104.1 days (range, 63‒547) after vitrectomy. The duration of follow-up after SOR was 1266.8 ± 797.2 days (range, 384-3865). The logMAR BCVA before SOR, at 1 year after SOR, and at the last follow-up were 1.249 ± 0.816, 1.086 ± 0.791, and 1.488 ± 0.961. The intraocular pressure (IOP) at the corresponding times were 13.2 ± 3.6, 10.9 ± 3.4, and 10.4 ± 3.5 mmHg. Seven patients (13.5%) experienced recurrent RD at 81.0 ± 46.7 days (range, 18‒154) after SOR. At 1 year after SOR, 4 eyes (7.5%) had hypotony and 26 (49.1%) had macular edema; the corresponding numbers were 7 (13.5%) and 27 (51.9%) at the last follow-up. The IOP at the time of SOR (r = -0.438, p = 0.001) was the risk factor for the occurrence of hypotony after SOR (area under the ROC curve: 0.873; cutoff value: 11.30 mmHg).Conclusion: The BCVA and IOP continued to change after SOR in ARN patients. Ocular complications mostly occurred within the first year after SOR. IOP at the time of SOR was a main predictor of the clinical outcomes after SOR.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Challenges in Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome in China: A Multi-Center Comparative Study of Three Criteria. 中国福氏葡萄膜炎综合征的诊断难题：三种标准的多中心比较研究。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2475034

Jianguo Huang, Cheng Jin, Dan Lin, Xue-Fei Zhu, Yu Chen, Zhiqi Tao, Jiaqing Wu, Wei Chi, Yuqin Wang

{"title":"Diagnostic Challenges in Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome in China: A Multi-Center Comparative Study of Three Criteria.","authors":"Jianguo Huang, Cheng Jin, Dan Lin, Xue-Fei Zhu, Yu Chen, Zhiqi Tao, Jiaqing Wu, Wei Chi, Yuqin Wang","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2475034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2475034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuradcy of three Fuchs' Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) diagnostic criteria-La Hey Diagnostic Criteria (LHDC), the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Criteria, and Yang's Revised Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)-in the absence of a universally accepted gold standard.Methods: A multicenter, case-control study was conducted with 673 patients (331 FUS and 342 non-FUS) from three tertiary eye centers in China. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated and compared across the three criteria.Results: RDC demonstrated the highest sensitivity (86.1%), followed by LHDC (61.9%) and SUN (54.4%). The SUN criteria had the highest specificity (98.5%), with no statistically significant differences in specificity between the criteria. RDC showed superior diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.909. Key diagnostic features contributing to the higher sensitivity of RDC included the absence of posterior synechiae, stellate keratic precipitates, and diffuse iris depigmentation.Conclusion: The RDC provides enhanced sensitivity for diagnosing FUS within Chinese populations, suggesting that tailoring diagnostic criteria to demographic characteristics may improve diagnostic precision and clinical application.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Etiology of Anterior Uveitis in a Finnish Single-Center Register Study - Differences in Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Ocular Complications.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2482687

Aada Leino, Mira Siiskonen, Pasi Ohtonen, Nina Hautala

{"title":"Etiology of Anterior Uveitis in a Finnish Single-Center Register Study - Differences in Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Ocular Complications.","authors":"Aada Leino, Mira Siiskonen, Pasi Ohtonen, Nina Hautala","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2482687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2482687","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and complications in anterior uveitis (AU) with idiopathic, systemic disease-associated, infectious, postoperative, and posttraumatic etiology.Methods: Long-term analysis of a single-center register study from adults with AU in 2009. Etiology, age at onset, sex distribution, course of uveitis, visual outcomes, treatments, and ocular complications were studied during 1998-2018.Results: A total of 413 patients with AU were included. A total of 195 patients (47%) had idiopathic, 150 (36%) systemic disease-associated, 25 (6%) infectious, 26 (6%) postoperative, and 17 (4%) traumatic AU. Average onset age varied from 38 ± 13 (95% CI, 36.2-40.5) in systemic disease-associated to 59 ± 19 (95% CI, 51.5-66.5) in postoperative AU (p < 0.001). Sex distribution varied between 62% females in postoperative and 29% females in traumatic uveitis. Traumatic AU was predominantly acute (59%), and infectious AU recurrent (44%) or chronic (40%). Idiopathic (58%), systemic disease-associated (65%), and postoperative AU (62%) were commonly chronic (p = 0.036). After the active follow-up, traumatic patients gained +2 ETDRS letters, while vision remained stable in idiopathic (-0.5 letters) and systemic disease-associated (+0.8 letters) AU. Patients with infectious and postoperative AU lost -2 and -10 letters, respectively. Highest frequency of complications occurred in traumatic (50%) and the lowest in postoperative AU (35%). Three patients with idiopathic and two with postoperative AU were blind after the follow-up.Conclusion: The study underscores significant differences in the onset age, course of uveitis, vision, intraocular pressure, flare, and treatment modalities among the etiological subgroups of AU. However, no substantial differences were observed concerning complications or visual outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxic Orbital Cellulitis and Optic Neuropathy from High-Pressure Diesel Fuel Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2483428

Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Amirhossein Aghajani, Elham Rahmanikhah, Ghazal Ghochani, Seyedeh Zahra Seyedi, Ali A Haydar

{"title":"Toxic Orbital Cellulitis and Optic Neuropathy from High-Pressure Diesel Fuel Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Amirhossein Aghajani, Elham Rahmanikhah, Ghazal Ghochani, Seyedeh Zahra Seyedi, Ali A Haydar","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2483428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2483428","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: High-pressure injuries to the orbit are rare, yet they can cause severe damage due to mechanical destruction and the toxicity of the injected substance. Diesel fuel toxicity can lead to rapid necrosis and inflammation, complicating the prognosis even with prompt medical intervention.Methods: A 39-year-old male presented with a right orbital injury from a diesel fuel explosion. Initial symptoms included mild periorbital swelling and a laceration on the upper eyelid. Despite early management with antibiotics and surgical repair, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, developing severe periorbital swelling, pain, and decreased vision. Multiple surgical debridements were performed to remove necrotic tissue and residual diesel fuel. Aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids was administered.Results: Despite the aggressive treatment, the patient's vision deteriorated to no light perception, indicative of optic neuropathy. Over the following days, the patient showed significant improvement and was eventually discharged with ongoing antibiotic therapy. At a 6-month follow-up, the patient had good cosmetic outcomes despite mild limitations in eye movement.Conclusion: High-pressure orbital injuries, especially those involving toxic substances like diesel fuel, require early and aggressive management. A multidisciplinary approach, including prompt surgical intervention, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroids, is essential to improve outcomes and preserve vital structures. Long-term follow-up is crucial to address functional and cosmetic sequelae. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based protocols, especially for toxic orbital cellulitis.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman's Disease Presenting with Chorioretinal Undulation: A Case Report. 表现为脉络膜视网膜起伏的特发性多中心卡斯特曼病：病例报告

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2453883

Suowang Zhou, Liang Wang, Xin Li, Xiaona Zuo, Aifeng Wu, Xiaoyan Peng

{"title":"Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman's Disease Presenting with Chorioretinal Undulation: A Case Report.","authors":"Suowang Zhou, Liang Wang, Xin Li, Xiaona Zuo, Aifeng Wu, Xiaoyan Peng","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2453883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2453883","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe a case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease (iMCD) with initial ocular involvement, presenting with chorioretinal undulation.Methods: Observational case report of iMCD patient with ocular manifestation on fundus photography, auto-fluorescein and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), initially and after treatment.Results: A 75-year-old patient with painless vision loss for 2 years right eye (RE) and 3-month left eye (LE). Fundus examination revealed several yellow-white lesions along with the inferior arcade, with extensive pigment disturbance of the right eye and exudative retinal detachment of the left eye. SS-OCT showed choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) undulations, choroid thickening and hyperreflective dots at the choroidal level. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the anterior chamber was very high (1595 pg/ml RE and 749.3 pg/ml LE). After cervical lymph node biopsy, the patient was finally diagnosed with iMCD. Siltuximab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, was administered. After two cycles of therapy, the patient's ocular manifestations improved significantly, the choroid and RPE undulation and the ERD resolved without local treatment.Conclusion: Chorioretinal undulation and elevated IL-6 in intraocular fluid could be ocular manifestations of MCD.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Treatment Outcomes with a Single 0.19 Mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant in Non-Infectious Uveitis - A Real-World Study.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2478207

Warda Darwisch, Maria Della Volpe Waizel, Robert Patrick Finger, Kai Januschowski, Berthold Seitz, Fabian Norbert Fries, Annekatrin Rickmann

{"title":"Long-Term Treatment Outcomes with a Single 0.19 Mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant in Non-Infectious Uveitis - A Real-World Study.","authors":"Warda Darwisch, Maria Della Volpe Waizel, Robert Patrick Finger, Kai Januschowski, Berthold Seitz, Fabian Norbert Fries, Annekatrin Rickmann","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2478207","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2478207","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate time to first additional treatment following intravitreal 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) in non-infectious uveitis with posterior segment involvement (NIU-PS) in a real-world setting.Methods: Prospective observational study on 37 eyes (30 patients) with chronic or recurrent NIU-PS, treated with FAc after achieving control - indicated by absence of vitreous haze or clearly visible posterior pole. Over a median follow-up of 48.0 ± 0.0 months, we assessed time to and number of additional treatments, inflammatory activity, central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP).Results: Restricted mean time to first adjuvant treatment was 31.9 ± 2.97 months, with 52.8% requiring no additional treatment ≥ 48 months. VA remained stable (baseline 0.56 ± 0.44 logMAR, p = 0.86). A negative correlation was found between the number of prior steroid implants (DEX-I) and time to additional treatment (r = -0.44, p = 0.001). For up to 24 months, FAc reduced anterior chamber flare (0.44 ± 0.81 to 0.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001), vitreous haze (0.28 ± 0.51 to 0.00 ± 0.00, p = 0.01), and CSMT (407.1 ± 135.9 µm at baseline to 324.2 ± 75.7 µm at M24, p = 0.001). Within 48 months, ocular hypertension (≥25 mmHg) occurred in 22.2% of eyes (8/36), with 19.4% (7/36) requiring new-onset IOP-lowering drops.Conclusion: FAc demonstrated efficacy in managing low-grade NIU-PS, reducing the need for additional treatments and controlling intraocular inflammation for an average of 32 months.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular Manifestations in Selected Dermatological Disorders: A Narrative Review.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2025.2477194

Agnieszka Leszyńska, Dominika Kozłowska, Julia Bałoniak, Julia Linke, Emilia Bachoń, Michalina Doligalska, Aleksandra Stremel, Wiktoria Wesołowska

{"title":"Ocular Manifestations in Selected Dermatological Disorders: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Agnieszka Leszyńska, Dominika Kozłowska, Julia Bałoniak, Julia Linke, Emilia Bachoń, Michalina Doligalska, Aleksandra Stremel, Wiktoria Wesołowska","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2477194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2477194","url":null,"abstract":"Skin disorders are often associated with ocular symptoms. In this review, we aim to identify the most common ocular manifestations observed in selected dermatological diseases, specifically psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and pemphigus. We highlight key ophthalmological conditions linked to these diseases to raise awareness among ophthalmologists who may encounter patients with these dermatological conditions in their clinical practice. Analyzing the original studies, the most common ocular manifestations include various types of inflammation, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. Additionally, more severe conditions, such as keratitis, uveitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction, are frequently observed. Ocular symptoms in pemphigus vulgaris and rosacea can precede dermatological signs. Dry eye disease is commonly seen across various dermatological conditions. Treatments like calcineurin inhibitors (used for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) have shown efficacy for both dermatological and ocular symptoms. In atopic dermatitis, the use of dupilumab has been linked to increased rates of conjunctivitis, necessitating collaboration between dermatologists and ophthalmologists to distinguish drug side effects from disease manifestations. Psoriasis treatments, including phototherapy and biologics like secukinumab and ustekinumab, require careful monitoring for potential ocular effects, as their safety profiles are still being evaluated. For ocular rosacea, cyclosporine has demonstrated superior efficacy over doxycycline in managing symptoms such as burning and corneal involvement. This review underscores the importance of recognizing the interplay between dermatological and ocular health. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary collaboration, and tailored treatments are essential for managing these complex conditions effectively.","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0