Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Visual and Anatomic Outcomes in Delayed-Onset Endophthalmitis After Glaucoma Surgery: A 10-Year Case Series.","authors":"Zelal Besalti Ekinci, Sehnaz Ozcaliskan, Merve Ozbek, Sadik Gorkem Cevik, Ozgur Artunay","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2642984","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2642984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, and visual and anatomical outcomes of delayed-onset endophthalmitis following trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation managed with early pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with delayed-onset endophthalmitis (≥6 weeks after glaucoma surgery) at a tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2023. Demographics, clinical presentation, microbiological findings, surgical management, and outcomes were reviewed. All eyes underwent PPV within 24 hours of diagnosis, with adjunctive procedures such as bleb excision or GDD explantation performed when indicated. Primary outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical success (defined as maintenance of globe integrity without phthisis bulbi or enucleation) at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen eyes of fifteen patients were included (mean age, 50.6 ± 24.0 years). The median interval from glaucoma surgery to infection was 5.2 years (range, 3 months-15 years). Mean presenting BCVA was 3.01 ± 0.34 logMAR, and 93.3% of eyes presented with hand-motion vision. Cultures were positive in 8 cases (53.3%). At 6 months, median BCVA improved to 1.70 logMAR (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 66.7% of eyes achieved ≥ 1.0 logMAR improvement. No eye progressed to no-light-perception vision or required enucleation. Postoperative complications included transient hypotony (13.3%), elevated intraocular pressure (13.3%), and retinal detachment (6.7%) treated with repeat PPV. Silicone oil tamponade was used in all eyes and was retained long-term in one case (6.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early PPV combined with appropriate source-control procedures was associated with visual improvement and anatomical success in delayed-onset endophthalmitis after glaucoma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"754-759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placoid Macular Lesion as an Atypical Presentation of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Mimicking Autoimmune Retinopathy.","authors":"Rocco Bruno, Fabrizio Gozzi, Emanuele Ragusa, Luca De Simone, Pietro Gentile, Elena Bolletta, Magda Zanelli, Michele De Maria, Marco Vecchi, Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Luca Cimino","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) presenting with a distinctive placoid-like pattern of macular hyperautofluorescence, initially misdiagnosed as autoimmune retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single case report employing multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and angiographic imaging, complemented by multiparametric liquid biopsy analysis of vitreous, aqueous, and cerebrospinal fluid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 68-year-old Caucasian man presented with bilateral placoid hyperautofluorescent lesions at the posterior pole, stellate keratic precipitates, and subretinal deposits. Despite bilateral vitrectomy samples showing negative lymphomatous cytological findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed a MYD88 L265P mutation and an elevated IL-10/IL-6 ratio, providing strong molecular evidence supporting a diagnosis of VRL. A five-year standing brain lesion had remained stable until vitreoretinal manifestations' onset. The patient was successfully treated with intravitreal methotrexate and systemic chemotherapy followed by consolidative low-dose radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VRL can present with a placoid-like macular phenotype that closely mimics autoimmune retinopathy, representing an unusual imaging presentation that has yet to be well characterized in the literature. Extended latency periods between central nervous system involvement and ocular manifestations are possible, potentially longer than previously reported. CSF analysis for MYD88 mutation and IL-10/IL-6 ratio provides crucial diagnostic value when vitreous sampling is inconclusive, emphasizing the importance of multi-parametric liquid biopsy approaches in challenging VRL cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"879-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging Enhanced by Indocyanine Green Angiography in Syphilitic Uveitis.","authors":"Sarah P F Cenachi, Victório Vinciguerra Neto, Danuza de Oliveira Machado Azevedo, Wesley Ribeiro Campos, Daniel V Vasconcelos-Santos","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To systematically characterize fundus changes associated with syphilitic uveitis(SU) on multimodal imaging(MMI) enhanced by indocyanine green angiography(ICGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, non-comparative investigation included SU patients from 2018 to 2019 (24 patients), along with 8 from a previous pilot (2015-2017).MMI included ICGA, fluorescein angiography(FA), autofluorescence(FAF), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at admission, discharge, and late follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis covered 62 eyes of 32 patients (78% men; mean age 43). MMI was superior to ophthalmological examination for identification of laterality and involvement of posterior segment, identifying subclinical inflammation in five eyes of five patients(15.6%) otherwise classified as having unilateral uveitis, recognizing posterior segment inflammation not identified in 11 eyes (17.8%), and improving the anatomical classification of uveitis in 19% (11/57 eyes).ICGA disclosed geographical choroidal hypofluorescence, hypofluorescent dark dots (HDD) and speckled hypofluorescence respectively in 47% (27/57), 72% (33/46) and 93% (52/56) of study eyes with sufficiently transparent media. On FA, placoid hyperfluorescence was identified in 30% (16/54) eyes/ 42% (13/31) patients and a speckled distribution of fluorescein (named punctiform) was found in 33% (18/54) eyes/ 45% (14/31) patients. Interruptions of external limiting membrane (ELM) on SD-OCT were predictive of worse BCVA at presentation and subfoveal choroidal thickness>350 micrometers on SD-OCT was predictive of worst outcome after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICGA-enhanced MMI has a major role in detection/localization of intraocular inflammation associated with SU, disclosing the choroid as primary site of inflammatory involvement. Choroidal hypofluorescence was the most common abnormality, and ELM disruption was associated with poor BCVA before and after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"826-833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography in Uveitis.","authors":"Luca De Simone, Riccardo Genovese, Katarzyna Zimmer, Fabrizio Gozzi, Pietro Gentile, Elena Bolletta, Chantal Adani, Marco Coassin, Luca Cimino","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653804","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to define the added value of ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF-ICGA) in the evaluation of uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients with posterior uveitis, panuveitis, or secondary vasoproliferative tumors evaluated between January 2020 and October 2025. All patients underwent UWF-ICGA using the Optos Silverstone device. The primary outcome was the percentage of eyes showing lesions extending beyond the vortex veins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 343 eyes with uveitis were included in the study. UWF-ICGA revealed pathological findings located beyond the vortex veins in 245 eyes (71.4%). Specifically, extreme peripheral involvement was detected in 100% of cases with ampiginous choroiditis and vasoproliferative tumors. In serpiginous choroiditis, multifocal choroiditis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and birdshot chorioretinitis, peripheral lesions were identified in 11.1%, 43.8%, 69.2%, 73.6% and 93.9% of cases, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UWF-ICGA expands diagnostic capabilities in uveitis by enabling detailed assessment of peripheral retinochoroidal involvement, often missed with conventional imaging. Its integration into clinical practice enhances detection of inflammatory activity, may influence therapeutic decisions, and supports more accurate disease monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"845-851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Low Vitamin D with Infectious and Non-Infectious Inflammatory Ocular Disease.","authors":"Samaneh Davoudi, Yasmin Islam, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Ramak Roohipourmoallai, Eric Grieser, Vasiliki Poulaki, Xuejing Chen, Casey J Beal, Nicole H Siegel, Manju L Subramanian, Sonal S Tuli, Steven Ness","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2636689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2636689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate the previously established association between vitamin D levels and non-infectious ocular inflammatory diseases and to assess for a potential relationship between vitamin D levels and subtypes of infectious ocular inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study identified 1468 cases and 490 controls with a measured serum 25-hydroxy vitamin level. Cases included patients diagnosed with infectious or noninfectious ocular inflammation while controls had a normal eye exam. The primary outcome was the odds of ocular inflammatory disease in participants with normal versus low serum vitamin D levels. Separate sub-analyses for vitamin D levels in individual types of infectious inflammation (endophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, herpetic keratitis, other infectious keratitis, other infectious causes) and noninfectious ocular inflammation were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cases had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels than controls (29 ± 12.7 vs 33 ± 12.7 nanograms per milliliter (<i>p</i> < 0.001)). In multivariate regression analysis, the odds of having infectious or non-infectious ocular inflammation were 2.7 times higher in patients with hypovitaminosis D compared to those with normal vitamin D levels [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.74, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 2.19-3.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001)]. The odds of developing infectious or non-infectious inflammation decreased by 3% for every unit increase in vitamin D level (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97-0.98, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Low vitamin D levels were significantly associated with non-infectious intraocular inflammation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and with all included subtypes of infectious ocular inflammation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low vitamin D is associated with increased risk of infectious and non-infectious ocular inflammation in a retrospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"731-736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Immune Recovery Uveitis in Patients with Cytomegalovirus Retinitis After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Joo Young Kim, Young Gun Park, Dong-Gun Lee, Young-Hoon Park","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2620452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2620452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical variables-including age, sex, type of hematologic disease, survival status, absolute neutrophil count, involved eye, visual acuity, number of intravitreal antiviral injections, recurrence of CMV retinitis, CMV titers in blood and aqueous humor, extent and location of retinal involvement, donor human leukocyte antigen matching, donor relationship, and systemic CMV treatment-were evaluated in patients with CMV retinitis following HSCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IRU group included 26 eyes from 20 patients, and the non-IRU group included 114 eyes from 79 patients. The IRU group had worse visual acuity than the non-IRU group at both the time of CMV retinitis diagnosis and the final visit (<i>p</i> = 0.036 and <i>p</i> < 0.001). IRU was more likely to develop in eyes with posterior pole involvement, larger retinal lesion areas, and a shorter interval between HSCT and CMV retinitis diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.032, <i>p</i> = 0.025, and <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively). Among patients with IRU, those with extensive retinal involvement, cystoid macular edema, and recurrent IRU had poorer visual outcomes (<i>p</i> = 0.019, <i>p</i> = 0.016, and <i>p</i> = 0.027, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinal involvement near the posterior pole, larger affected areas, and a shorter interval between HSCT and CMV retinitis diagnosis are significant risk factors for developing IRU in patients with CMV retinitis after HSCT. Careful monitoring for IRU remains essential even after resolution of CMV retinitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"723-730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Course of Ocular Hypotony in Pediatric Uveitis.","authors":"Nida Khan, Parthopratim Dutta Majumder, Amala Elizabeth George, Vinita Rao, Sudha K Ganesh, Jyotirmay Biswas","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2651785","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2651785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the clinical course of ocular hypotony in a pediatric uveitis cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electronic medical records of children who developed ocular hypotony following uveitis were reviewed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Forty-one eyes of 30 children were included. There were 17 (56.7%) males and the mean age at presentation was 10.8 ± 4.2 years (aged: 2-16 years). Anterior uveitis was diagnosed in 10 (24.4%) eyes, intermediate in five (12.2%) eyes, posterior in one (2.4%) eye and panuveitis in 25 (61%) eyes. Nine eyes (22%) received intensified topical and/or oral therapy alone, 15 eyes (36.7%) received periocular injections, and nine eyes (22%) received intravitreal steroids with continued systemic and topical treatment. Surgical intervention was performed in 20 eyes (48.8%) to manage hypotony. Among these 20 eyes, silicon oil insertion was done in 10 eyes while in the remaining 10 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ciliary body membrane removal was done. Following treatment, 16 (39%) eyes showed improvement with restoration of IOP. The visual acuity at baseline and last visit were 2.08 ± 1.31 and 1.82 ± 1.43 log MAR units respectively. The median follow-up duration was 580 days (IQR:191-1610 days). Nine (22%) eyes went into phthisis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ocular hypotony in pediatric uveitis is a serious complication. Despite aggressive medical and surgical management, a significant proportion of eyes showed limited recovery, with nearly one-fourth progressing to phthisis. Early diagnosis, tailored treatment, and close monitoring are essential to improve visual and anatomical outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"808-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Follow Up of Presumed Trematode Induced Granulomatous Intermediate Uveitis: Predictors for Failure of Medical Treatment.","authors":"Abdussalam M Abdullatif, Bassem A Sargious, Ayman Khattab, Rawan Hosny, Lameece Moustafa Hassan","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2648813","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2648813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify predicators of medical treatment failure in patients with presumed trematode induced granulomatous intermediate uveitis (PTIGIU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of the medical records of children diagnosed with PTIGIU over a 4-year period was conducted. Main outcome measures included the management options and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>98 eyes of 90 patients clinically diagnosed with PTIGIU were initially reviewed with a minimum follow up of 2 years. Mean age was 11 ± 2.38 years and 96.9% were males. All patients reported a history of freshwater exposure with a mean exposure to presentation time of 3 ± 2.822 weeks. UBM detected CB granuloma and confirmed the diagnosis in 53 eyes, 27 of which had an associated AC granuloma. Management options included surgical intervention in the form of parsplana vitrectomy ± lensectomy, or conservative management with systemic, topical or periocular steroids. Surgical interventions were done in 30 eyes, 20 of which had initially received conservative management that subsequently failed and required surgery. Univariate logistic regression revealed that CDVA, degree of vitreous/AC inflammation and lens status at initial presentation were significant predictors for surgical intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 0.008, 0.005 and <0.001 respectively). CDVA, vitritis and degree of AC inflammation were also associated with failure of initial conservative management (<i>p</i> = 0.008, 0.005 and 0.009 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various management options exist for patients with PTIGIU, but patients with lower presenting vision and higher degrees of vitreous inflammation respond better to surgical intervention than medical therapy alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"802-807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologics Use Disparities in Non-Infectious Uveitis: A National Study of Social Determinants of Health.","authors":"Daniel J Kamyab, Arman Mosenia, David Musheyev, Eric L Crowell","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2643417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2643417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether insurance status, household income, race, sex, or age influence receipt of biologic therapy among U.S. patients with non-infectious uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed NIH All of Us data (2005-2022) in a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Patients were identified by ICD-9, ICD-10, and SNOMED codes. Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between race, sex at birth, income, insurance, and age and the primary outcome of biologic use. Individuals with missing data were retained as separate strata. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2911 patients, 244 (8.4%) received biologics. Treatment proportions varied across demographic and socioeconomic strata. The strongest predictor of reduced biologic use was uninsured status (OR 0.23, CI: 0.037-0.728). Income below $35K (OR 0.55, CI: 0.367-0.812) and $35K-$50K (OR 0.46, CI: 0.237-0.840) were also associated with lower biologic use. Participants with missing household income data also demonstrated lower odds of receiving biologic therapy. African American and Hispanic patients demonstrated decreased odds of receiving biologics (OR 0.58, CI: 0.399-0.839; OR 0.66, CI: 0.434-0.989). Females were more likely to receive biologics (OR 1.46, CI: 1.089-1.962). Each incremental year in age exhibited decreased odds of biologics treatment (OR 0.97, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Access to biologic therapy for non-infectious uveitis varies by insurance, income, race, sex, and age. Insurance coverage exerted the greatest effect, indicating that payer policy is the main determinant of overall treatment allocation in the U.S. healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"772-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Tuberculosis Complicated by Choroidal Tuberculoma and Exudative Retinal Detachment: A Case Report.","authors":"Zilong Zhang, Yanan Wang, Zhenghao Zhang, Yonggen Xu","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2653096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare case of concurrent tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) and ocular tuberculosis presenting as choroidal tuberculoma and exudative retinal detachment in a young male, highlighting the potential for multisystem dissemination and risk of visual impairment when ocular involvement is overlooked.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report describes a 20-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal pain and was confirmed to have TBP through imaging and histopathology, subsequently developing ocular complications during anti-tuberculous therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During treatment for TBP, the patient developed choroidal tuberculoma and exudative retinal detachment, demonstrating that ocular tuberculosis can manifest despite appropriate systemic antimicrobial therapy and represents progressive multisystem dissemination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the potential for multisystem dissemination of tuberculosis and the complexity of its clinical manifestations, particularly in adolescents and young males. It emphasizes that ocular tuberculosis can coexist with TBP and may be frequently overlooked, potentially resulting in visual impairment, thereby warranting comprehensive evaluation in young patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"884-887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}