Mahmut Asfuroğlu, Cenk Zeki Fikret, Meltem Kılıç, Pınar Nalçacıoğlu
{"title":"Predictive Factors for Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma Secondary to Uveitis: Insights from a Tertiary Referral Hospital.","authors":"Mahmut Asfuroğlu, Cenk Zeki Fikret, Meltem Kılıç, Pınar Nalçacıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2506805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2506805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors for the development of uveitic glaucoma (UG) and ocular hypertension secondary to uveitis (OHT-SU).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The medical records of 1,160 patients with uveitis at a tertiary referral hospital in Ankara were analyzed. A total of 97 eyes of 81 patients with UG/OHT-SU were identified. In addition to demographic and etiological data, patients were analysed for the presence of synechiae, peak intraocular pressure (IOP) and peak anterior chamber reaction, need for glaucoma and cataract surgery during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prominent etiologies associated with UG/OHT-SU were viral uveitis, followed by Fuchs' uveitis, Behçet's disease and pars planitis. Elevated peak IOP measurements were found to be correlated with the development of glaucoma in patients with uveitis (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The findings indicated that an increased peak anterior chamber reaction was a risk factor for the necessity of glaucoma surgery (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 2.43-6.71; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The formation of synechiae was associated with increased peak anterior chamber reactions (<i>p</i> = 0.004), resulting in a higher incidence of surgical intervention for glaucoma (OR = 5.51; 95% CI = 2.00-15.20; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UG/OHT-SU is a specific condition that affects a notable proportion of uveitis patients in Turkey, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. In patients with uveitis, elevated peak IOP, pronounced anterior chamber reaction and synechia formation are crucial factors in the progression to glaucoma and the escalating necessity for surgical intervention. Early and effective control of inflammation is needed to prevent progression to refractory glaucoma and vision loss in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uma Yogesh Thigale, Swapna S Shanbhag, Sayan Basu, Anahita Kate
{"title":"Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Immunomodulation in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.","authors":"Uma Yogesh Thigale, Swapna S Shanbhag, Sayan Basu, Anahita Kate","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2491564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2491564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the clinical course and management of a case of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (oMMP) in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 58-year-old gentleman presented with ocular pain, photophobia, and redness in both eyes for 2 years. He had aqueous deficient dry eye disease and was advised investigations to rule out underlying connective tissue disorders. The patient had HIV infection and was on oral anti-retroviral therapy for this condition. He was subsequently lost to follow-up and presented after 4 years with a visual acuity of counting fingers in both eyes. There was a shortening of the inferior fornices with subconjunctival fibrosis and total cataract in both eyes. A conjunctival biopsy was performed to establish the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The conjunctival biopsy revealed the presence of oMMP. After ascertaining that the systemic parameters were normal and with a CD4 count of 524 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, the patient was started on oral methotrexate. These tests were monitored every 3 months and no adverse effects were noted. The CD4 counts were stable at the last follow-up, 1 year after the diagnosis of oMMP. There was no progression of cicatrization and the visual acuity improved with cataract surgery and scleral contact lenses to 20/50 and 20/40 in the right and left eye, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic immunosuppression is essential in patients with oMMP to prevent disease progression. It can be safely instituted in patients with HIV infection via a multi-disciplinary approach with stringent monitoring of systemic parameters and CD4 counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Touhami, Sabrina Rigo, Emilien Faudi, Francesc March de Ribot, Bahram Bodaghi, Alain Gaudric
{"title":"Acute Angioid Streak Retinopathy is a Two-Phase Inflammatory Process Starting with Outer Retinal Inflammation, Followed by Secondary MEWDS.","authors":"Sara Touhami, Sabrina Rigo, Emilien Faudi, Francesc March de Ribot, Bahram Bodaghi, Alain Gaudric","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2505693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2505693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present a case of recurrent acute angioid streak retinopathy (AASR) and discuss its potential pathophysiological mechanisms based on multimodal imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>A 19-year-old woman with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) experienced three distinct episodes of posterior segment inflammation associated with angioid streaks (AS), previously identified as AASR. Each episode started with acute subretinal inflammation due to a disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM) complex at an AS site, which appeared as a peri-AS whitening on fundus photography. About one week later, as the peri-AS lesions resolved, multifocal white dots characteristic of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) appeared around the optic disc and at the posterior pole. Multimodal imaging, including blue autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT-angiography, confirmed these findings. While the peri-AS lesions resembled multifocal choroiditis, they differed in their extension along the AS and faster resolution. Each AASR episode resulted in a detectable AS enlargement on fundus autofluorescence. These findings suggested that AASR could involve a two-phase inflammatory process: an initial disruption of the RPE/BM complex at an AS site triggering localized choroiditis/outer retinitis, followed by secondary MEWDS and subsequent AS enlargement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates a recurring inflammatory pattern in PXE-associated AS, characterized by localized inflammation at AS sites with RPE/BM disruption, and secondary MEWDS. These findings highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms of AASR and its unique imaging features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roger K Henry, Miriam Habiel, Aretha Zhu, Glen Gejerman, Albert S Khouri, Jonathan C Tsui
{"title":"Bilateral Anterior Segment Hyphema and Ocular Hypotony Following Treatment with Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan (Pluvicto).","authors":"Roger K Henry, Miriam Habiel, Aretha Zhu, Glen Gejerman, Albert S Khouri, Jonathan C Tsui","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2504582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2504582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We describe a case of severe bilateral anterior segment neovascularization leading to hyphema in a patient treated with Lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report with multimodal imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 77-year-old patient was referred for evaluation of a two-day history of blurry vision. At presentation, the exam was significant for bilateral hyphema, elevated intraocular pressure, and significant microcystic edema. Gonioscopy revealed neovascularization of the anterior segment. Multimodal imaging revealed intraretinal hemorrhages without neovascular retinopathy, metastases, or carotid occlusive disease. The patient was treated medically, but developed significant hypotony necessitating postponement of therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates a potential ocular adverse reaction to Lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Chierigo, M Akyol, B Sharma, J Michaels, F Afshar, V Joganathan, D Lorenzano
{"title":"Bilateral Alternate Orbital and Ocular Manifestations in a VEXAS Syndrome Patient.","authors":"A Chierigo, M Akyol, B Sharma, J Michaels, F Afshar, V Joganathan, D Lorenzano","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2507713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2507713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>VEXAS syndrome, caused by somatic UBA1 gene mutations, is a recently described autoinflammatory disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and hematologic abnormalities. Ocular involvement occurs in 28-40% of cases. This report describes a unique case of VEXAS syndrome with recurrent bilateral orbital and ocular inflammation, including the first documented concurrent ocular and orbital disease in the same patient, as well as of vitritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 79-year-old male presented with recurrent bilateral orbital and ocular inflammation, featuring periorbital oedema, dacryoadenitis, fibrinous anterior uveitis, vitritis, and macular oedema. He also developed fatigue, malaise, weight loss, dry cough, shortness of breath, joint and muscle pain, and chest pain and was followed for over one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostic work-up included multimodal ophthalmic imaging, CT orbits and serologic testing. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic testing for UBA1 mutation and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment with oral corticosteroids led to complete resolution of symptoms, both ophthalmologically and systemically, and tocilizumab was later added as a second line immunosuppression steroid-sparing agent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case emphasises the importance of considering VEXAS syndrome in the diagnosis of patients with recurrent orbital and ocular inflammation. It also reiterates the effectiveness of corticosteroids and tocilizumab association in managing this complex condition, contributing to the growing understanding of VEXAS syndrome and its ophthalmological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bilateral Intravitreal Onchocerciasis Associated with Panuveitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Huseyin Baran Ozdemir, Benay Karabulut, Funda Dogruman Al, Ihsan Gokhan Gürelik","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2508409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2508409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare case of bilateral intravitreal onchocerciasis presenting with panuveitis and managed successfully through combined medical and surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 42-year-old female with bilateral panuveitis and suspected intravitreal nematodes underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, systemic investigations, and bilateral pars plana vitrectomy. Extracted nematodes were identified through macroscopic and molecular analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient presented with decreased vision and panuveitis in both eyes. Vitrectomy revealed fragmented nematode tissues, later confirmed as Onchocerca at the genus level. Postoperatively, the inflammation resolved and visual acuity returned to normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is important to recognize intravitreal parasitic infections in patients with unexplained uveitis, particularly in endemic or rural exposure settings. Combined medical and surgical management resulted in favorable visual and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula Couto, Giovanna Provenzano, Bruno F Fernandes, Raul N G Vianna
{"title":"Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in IRVAN Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Vascular Mechanisms.","authors":"Ana Paula Couto, Giovanna Provenzano, Bruno F Fernandes, Raul N G Vianna","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2507711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2507711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a rare case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in a patient with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome, highlighting potential vascular mechanisms underlying this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An 18-year-old male previously diagnosed with bilateral IRVAN syndrome presented with a sudden paracentral scotoma in the left eye. Multimodal imaging showed multiple macroaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, focal arteriolar vasculitis, and lipid exudation in both eyes. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) of the left eye revealed a hyperreflective band in the inner nuclear layer in the paracentral temporal superior macular area, consistent with PAMM, without clear evidence of arterial compression. A conservative approach was chosen, and after three years of follow-up, retinal features and visual acuity remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAMM may manifest in IRVAN independent of detectable localized aneurysm compression of the deep capillary plexus. The findings underscore the importance of multimodal imaging and long-term monitoring to assess ischemic complications. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the pathophysiological relationship between these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossam El Din Mohamad Ahmed Khalil, Khaled Abdelaziz, Asmaa Mohamad Samir, Alaa Khalid Shalaby
{"title":"Patterns of Clinical Ophthalmic Presentations in Children with Presumed Trematode-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Beni Suef, Egypt.","authors":"Hossam El Din Mohamad Ahmed Khalil, Khaled Abdelaziz, Asmaa Mohamad Samir, Alaa Khalid Shalaby","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2503336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2503336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify all possible ophthalmic presentations in children with Presumed trematode-induced uveitis, and determine their incidence in Beni Suef. Additionally, it explores potential correlations between ocular signs and demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study is a retrospective, case series which was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved subject recruitment and demographic data collection. The second phase included a thorough general examination and laboratory workup. In the third phase, ophthalmological examination was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 83 patients (99 eyes) were included. 80 of them were males. The mean age was 11.1 ± 2.7 years. Unilateral ocular involvement was seen in 66 patients. Anterior chamber granuloma was the most frequent presentation (71.7%), followed by ciliary body granuloma (15.2%) and vitritis (13.1%). Corneal granuloma occurred in 10.1%, macular edema in 9.1%, episcleral involvement in 6.1%, and iris involvement in 5.1%. Complications included cataracts (9 cases) and phthisis bulbi (1 case). One case showed hemorrhagic AC granuloma. Anterior chamber granuloma was more common in older children (mean age 11.5 years, <i>p</i> = 0.010), while vitritis was more common in younger ones (mean age 9.1 years, <i>p</i> = 0.029). No significant correlation was found between ocular signs and residence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Beni Suef, children with presumed trematode-induced uveitis have diverse ocular manifestations, primarily anterior chamber and ciliary body granulomas with vitritis. Complications such as cataract and phthisis bulbi may occur. Atypical cases, including hemorrhage within a granuloma, may develop. The study suggests age-related variations in ocular signs but no significant correlation with residence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: Clinical Significance of Hyperreflective Outer Nuclear Layer and Bacillary Layer Detachment.","authors":"Kubra Ozdemir Yalcinsoy, Merve Inanc Tekin, Pinar Cakar Ozdal","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2504583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2504583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the clinical importance of hyperreflective outer nuclear layer (HONL) and bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) on optical coherence tomography in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 24 patients with acute VKH, involving at least 12 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 42 eyes with serous retinal detachment (SRD) at presentation, BALAD was identified in 21 eyes (50%) and HONL in 23 eyes (55%). Eyes with BALAD and HONL had poorer median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.023, <i>p</i> = 0.002), but the final BCVA showed no difference between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.965, <i>p</i> = 0.287). The height of SRD at presentation was greater in eyes with BALAD and HONL than those without (<i>p</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> < 0.001).HONL was strongly associated with SRD height (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The rates of loss of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) integrity were higher in eyes with BALAD at 1 month (<i>p</i> < 0.05), although no significant difference was noted at 1 year (<i>p</i> = 0.520). In the HONL group, EZ and RPE integrity loss rates were higher at 1 month and 1 year (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Subfoveal choroidal thickness values did not vary based on the presence of HONL or BALAD at 1 month, 1 year, and during the last visit after treatment (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Ocular complication and recurrence rates were comparable across all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). HONL and BALAD were not considered significant risk factors for recurrence (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with acute VKH, HONL and BALAD were associated with more severe clinical features at presentation. However, HONL and BALAD did not affect long-term visual prognosis, recurrence, and development of ocular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Topical Fumagillin 0.007% in the Management of Microsporidial Stromal Keratitis: Interventional Pilot Study with Literature Review.","authors":"Amrita Mohanty, Savitri Sharma, Lakshminarayanan Gowtham, Bhupesh Bagga","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2501028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2501028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The standard management of Microsporidial Stromal Keratitis (MSK) traditionally involves therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, often accompanied by complications. This pilot study investigated medical management, evaluating outcomes using topical fumagillin alone or in combination with topical voriconazole and oral albendazole.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mild to moderate MSK cases (January 2019-2024) with informed consent were included. The diagnosis was confirmed by microsporidial spores on smear (potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white, Gram, or modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain). Patients received 0.007% topical fumagillin (Sigma-Aldrich, F6771) alone or with topical voriconazole and oral albendazole.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five patients (six eyes, 17.2%) of 29 MSK cases were enrolled, all males, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 12.3 years (37-74). Symptoms lasted 5.2 ± 3.8 months (1-12) before presentation. The mean IOP was 27.6 ± 7.6 mmHg; two were on anti-glaucoma medications. Corneal infiltrates measured 3.4 ± 0.8 mm (horizontal) and 3.4 ± 1.4 mm (vertical). Three patients received additional topical voriconazole 1% (Vozole) and oral albendazole 400 mg daily for 1 month. Clinical resolution occurred in all cases after 9.4 ± 5.2 months of treatment, with no recurrence over a 12.6 ± 3.4-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study support the potential of medical management for MSK, suggesting that topical fumagillin 0.007% may offer a viable treatment option for mild to moderate cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}