Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Diagnostic and Subtype Classification Model Based on RNA N6-Methyladenosine Regulators for Behçet's Uveitis.","authors":"Xin Gu, Yan Qin, Guoqiang Liang","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2495073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2495073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) regulators in the diagnosis and subtype classification of Behçet's uveitis, aiming to establish a novel predictive model and explore distinct molecular patterns for personalized therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE209567 dataset comprising 22 Behçet's uveitis patients and 15 controls were analyzed for m⁶A regulator expression. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the \"limma\" R package, followed by random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) model construction to select critical m6A regulators. A nomogram model was developed for prediction, and consensus clustering identified distinct m⁶A and gene-regulating patterns. Immune cell infiltration analysis was conducted using ssGSEA, and m⁶A scores were computed to quantify molecular patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven m⁶A regulators were significantly differentially expressed. The top four candidate m⁶A regulators (FTO, YTHDF2, CBLL1, and METTL14) were identified to predict the risk of Behçet's uveitis. A nomogram was constructed based on the four candidate m⁶A regulators to visualize the association between the expression levels of the candidate with the risk of onset of Behçet's uveitis. Two distinct m⁶A patterns and gene patterns were identified, validated by consensus clustering. High m⁶A scores were associated with more severe disease stages, with differential immune cell infiltration observed between subtypes. Immune-related genes, such as LRRN3 and DAAM2, were identified as key in differentiating m⁶A patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>M⁶A modification plays an important role in the occurrence of uveitis. Distinct m⁶A patterns and gene clusters highlight their potential for early diagnosis and personalized treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.","authors":"Dhabiah Saeed AlQahtani, Abeer Habeeb Almutairi, Ibrahim Saud Ababtain, Osama Mohammad Wadaan, Mohammed Al Shamrani, Sulaiman M Alsulaiman, Hani Basher ALBalawi, Moustafa S Magliyah, Hassan Al Dhibi","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2491562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2491562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the clinical presentation, outcomes, and factors affecting the final visual outcome of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in the pediatric age group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pediatric patients who were diagnosed with VKH at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) between 2007 and 2024. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed for an association with the final visual outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-nine children (138 eyes) with an age range upon presentation from 2 years old to 18 years old and a mean age of 12.2 ± 4.0 years were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. There were 35 (50.7%) males and 34 (49.3%) females. Sixty children (86.9%) had initial-onset acute VKH, while 9 children had chronic recurrent VKH. At initial presentation, the mean LogMAR BCVA was 0.6 (Snellen = 20/70) ± 0.6. Children with chronic recurrent VKH presented at an earlier age (<i>p</i> = 0.003), had more severe corneal involvement (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and more severe AC reaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cataract developed in 33 (23.9%) eyes, 54 eyes (39.1%) developed glaucoma, and 36 eyes (26.1%) developed choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM). Children with chronic recurrent VKH disease had higher rates of pre-existing or developing cataract, glaucoma, and CNVM. On the last visit, the BCVA improved from an average of 20/70 to 20/50. The visual improvement was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Good visual outcomes can be achieved in the majority of pediatric patients with VKH disease. Children with chronic recurrent VKH disease present with more aggressive anterior segment inflammation, have higher risk of developing ocular complications, and less favorable visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Adalimumab in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis: 3- and 6-Year Results of the ADJUVITE Trial.","authors":"Yoo-Ri Chung, Delphine Lam, Adam Mainguy, Christine Fardeau, Chloé Couret, Michel Weber, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Isabelle Marie, Véronique Despert, Frédéric Mouriaux, Phuc LeHoang, Pierre Quartier, Bahram Bodaghi, Sara Touhami","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2495826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2495826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the long-term efficacy of and tolerance to adalimumab in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients with JIA-U who completed the ADJUVITE trial with at least 2 years and up to 5 years of follow-up after the end of the trial (<i>i.e</i>. at least 3 years and up to 6 years of follow-up after randomization). Data, including treatment course, visual and anatomical outcomes, uveitis activity evaluated by laser flare photometry, and safety were collected from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one eyes of 25 participants with a mean age of 10.5 ± 4.0 years at the end of the trial were enrolled. Twenty-one patients (84%) responded to adalimumab during a mean follow-up period of 68.0 ± 21.6 months (range 26-109 months, post-trial), and among the responders, one patient could discontinue adalimumab without further uveitis relapse. Five years after the end of the trial, the mean BCVA improved to 0.07 ± 0.39 logMAR (vs. 0.14 ± 0.20 logMAR, <i>p</i> = 0.048) and the mean anterior chamber flare decreased to 29.9 ± 19.1 ph/ms (vs. 37.2 ± 35.0 ph/ms, <i>p</i> = 0.170). The mean dose of methotrexate decreased significantly from 11.3 ± 4.4 mg/week at the end of the trial to 5.2 ± 6.2 mg/week at the last follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Four patients did not respond to adalimumab and required other biologics. Adalimumab was well-tolerated in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adalimumab was effective in maintaining long-term uveitis control in patients with JIA-U, with a good safety profile. However, complete discontinuation was not possible in most cases, confirming the suspending effect of adalimumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcome of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Autoimmune Retinopathy.","authors":"Seok Hyeon Song, Min Seok Kim, Seok Hyun Bae, Jay Jiyong Kwak, Yong Jun Kim, Hyun Goo Kang, Areum Jeong, Min Sagong, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Se Joon Woo","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2496729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2496729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the long-term outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) and assess differences based on anti-retinal antibody (ARA) profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted on 26 AIR patients who received immunosuppressive therapy for at least six months. Clinical information, ophthalmic examinations, and profiles of detected ARAs were collected between March 2011 and November 2023. Comparisons of ophthalmic examination results were performed pre- and post-immunosuppressive therapy. Association and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between ARA profiles and functional and anatomical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean duration of immunosuppressive therapy was 25.3   ±   30.4 months. Among 52 eyes (26 patients), 61% (32 eyes) exhibited worsening best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), while 10% (5 eyes) showed improvement. The mean BCVA declined significantly from 0.67 ± 0.77 to 1.07 ± 1.02 logMAR (p < 0.001). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed worsening in 35% (18 eyes), improvement in 4% (2 eyes), and no change in 61% (32 eyes). No improvement was observed in the amplitude of any electroretinogram component. Visual field tests indicated worsening in 66% (19/29 eyes). Notably, patients with recoverin antibodies had a higher risk of visual impairment. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed no significant associations between the number of ARAs and BCVA or OCT worsening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite prolonged immunosuppressive therapy, patients with AIR experienced poor functional and anatomical outcomes. The presence of recoverin antibodies was associated with a higher risk of visual impairment, while the number of ARAs did not significantly correlate with BCVA or OCT worsening.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M2 Macrophages Mitigate Ocular Surface Inflammation and Promote Recovery in a Mouse Model of Dry Eye.","authors":"Yingming Wang, Jing Gao, Tianhong Wu, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2497484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2497484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability and ocular surface damage. Ocular surface inflammation is one of the main mechanisms of DED. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages on ocular surface inflammation and their potential mechanisms in improving dry eye symptoms in a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) were polarized into M2 macrophages by IL-4 under different osmolarities, and M2 macrophage conditioned medium (M2-CM) was collected. Flow cytometry and ELISA were applied to measure the cytokine expression of the M2 macrophages. Primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (CECs) were co-cultured with RAW264.7 and M2 macrophages using a Transwell system. The viability and migration of CECs were assessed using CCK-8 and scratch assays. Mouse DED was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine, and the therapeutic effects of M2-CM were evaluated by phenol red thread test, fluorescein staining, and tear film breakup time (BUT). PCR and immunofluorescence staining were applied to observe inflammatory factors and cells on the ocular surface.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>M2 macrophages enhanced CEC viability, proliferation, and migration, but hyperosmolarity inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. In the DED model, M2-CM improved ocular surface conditions, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and increased anti-inflammatory factors. Immunofluorescence revealed reduced pro-inflammatory cells (M1 macrophages, Th1, and Th17) and increased M2 macrophages in the ocular tissues after M2-CM treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that M2-CM ameliorates ocular surface inflammation and promotes recovery in DED, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2498855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2498855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Recurrences, and Complications in the Mexican Pediatric Patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.","authors":"Luz Elena Concha-Del-Rio, Diego Ivan Cervera-Ruiz, Ronald Rivera-Sempértegui","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2495078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2495078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the clinical characteristics, number of recurrences, and complications in the Mexican pediatric patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of pediatric patients aged 16 years and under, diagnosed with VKH, was conducted from January 1988 to February 2023 at Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one patients (<i>n</i> = 62 eyes), with a diagnosis of VKH were identified, with a mean age of 12.06   ±   3.57 years. Follow-up was 7.22   ±   6.85 years. At initial presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.31   ±   0.94 LogMAR (Snellen 20/400) and final 0.5   ±   0.93 LogMAR (Snellen 20/60) (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The most common clinical findings in the uveitic stage were anterior chamber inflammation (70%) and serous retinal detachment (72%). The treatment approach involved a combination of oral steroids, intravenous steroids, and immunomodulatory agents. Despite the initial visual impairment, most patients achieved disease remission. However, 41.93% of the patients experienced at least one recurrence during follow-up. The most frequent complications were sunset-glow fundus 74.19% (<i>n</i> = 46 eyes), and glaucoma 27.41% (<i>n</i> = 17 eyes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VKH disease in the Mexican pediatric patients has proved to be a challenge in management due to its aggressive course. Timely diagnosis and treatment with steroid therapy associated with a systemic immunomodulatory are essential to reduce recurrences, and complications and thus have a better visual prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egyptian Consensus Guidance for Treatment of Adults with Non-Infectious Uveitis.","authors":"Nehal El-Ghobashy, Ayman El-Garf, Maha Mohamed Youssef, Amgad El Nokrashy, Doaa Maamoun Ashour, Shereen Hassan Aboul Naga, Mai Nasser Abd Elmohsen, Mariam Raouf Fadel, Noha Salah, Lameece Moustafa Hassan, Radwa Taher Elzanaty, Ibrahim Abuelmagd Haroun, Noha Ossama Salem, Omneya Ashraf Noureldin, Hind Amin, Asmaa Mohamad Samir, Samir Shawky Shoughy, Rana Hussein Amin, Doaa A Teleb, Walaa Abdelrahman, Sally S Mohamed, Mohammad AbouelSaad, Amr Wassef, Mohamed Tharwat Hegazy, Marwa A Karim, Mohamed Abdel Azim, Salwa Galal Moussa, Rahma A Elziaty, Omnia B Attia, Sally Saber Abdelaziz, Mohammed Hassan Abu-Zaid, Samar Abdalhamed Tabra, Lobna A Maged","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2493362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2493362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Developing and setting up an Egyptian consensus for the management of NIU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-phase survey was implemented to obtain expert opinions from Egyptian specialists in the management of non-infectious uveitis. A core team of specialists in management of NIU formulated 21 clinical questions that were structured according to the PICO format (population, intervention, comparison, and the outcome). The literature review team conducted a systemic literature review to address the PICO questions. Based on literature search, a set of 21 sectioned recommendation statements were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differences in ethnicity and socioeconomic standards of the Egyptian population raised the need to develop an Egyptian consensus guidance for management of NIU. The management statements developed in this work were based on a thorough review of the literature and consensus agreement of a national expert panel. Systemic immunosuppression should be initiated during steroid tapering and should be used as first line along with steroids in case of underlying systemic disease. The panel recommended that maintenance dose of steroids should not exceed 7.5 mg daily. A major limitation facing the Egyptian health system is the socioeconomic status and limited insurance coverage. Hence, the use of conventional immunosuppression is usually exhausted before considering biologic therapy, and the role of biosimilars is emphasized to their relatively lower cost, similar efficacy, and safety in comparison to the original molecule.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This guideline provides direction for rheumatologists and ophthalmologists making decisions on management of adults with non-infectious uveitis. Putting into consideration that clinical practice varies based on local pharmaceutical availability and patient demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging in Unilateral Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection.","authors":"Padmamalini Mahendradas, Aditya Patil, Rahul Patil, Raghav Narasimhan, Radhika Sriram, Sai Bhakti Mishra, Ankush Kawali, Poornachandra Gowda, Rohit Shetty, Abhijit Sinha Roy","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2425976","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2425976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the multimodal imaging findings in the case of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection in a young girl with good clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rare case report with multimodal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, multicolor imaging, OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 13-year-old girl presented with blurring of vision in the left eye (OS). Fundus examination revealed yellowish subretinal deposits at the fovea in OS with findings resembling UAIM on ophthalmoscopy, OCT, and FA. We noted the OCT angiography and PS-OCT findings in this case. Blood culture revealed the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Autoimmune work-up was negative. Patient was treated with appropriate systemic antibiotics. At 8 weeks follow-up, there was resolution of the lesion clinically and on OCT, with residual derangement of the retinal pigment epithelium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our patient had UAIM presumed to have been triggered by systemic bacterial infection. The patient made an uneventful recovery following antimicrobial therapy. Multimodal imaging demonstrates the affection of the outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium in this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"695-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease of the Year 2024: Intermediate Uveitis.","authors":"Derrick P Smit, Jennifer E Thorne, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2491966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2491966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":"33 4","pages":"501-502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}