Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Endogenous Endophthalmitis Presenting with Iris Nodules.","authors":"Kalpana Babu, S Chandana, Aniruddha Tirumalai, Krishna R Murthy","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2412215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2412215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We report a unique finding of iris nodules in a woman with endogenous endophthalmitis due to <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> with no history of ocular surgery or trauma and good visual outcome.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Retrospective case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 39-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a decrease in vision in the right eye of 1-month duration. On examination, her BCVA was CF2m (OD) and 6/6 (OS). Right eye examination showed medium-to-large-sized keratic precipitates, iris nodules, and vitritis. PCR on the aqueous showed faint positivity for <i>Propionibacterium acne</i> and was negative to panfungal genome. Despite two intravitreal injections of vancomycin (1 mg/0.1 ml) and intravenous cefazolin 1 g bd for 5 days, there was progression to hypopyon. Vitrectomy with lensectomy was done. The vitreous culture grew <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. She was given multiple intravitreal ceftazidime (2.25 mg/0.1 ml) with dexamethasone (0.4 mg/0.1 ml) injections. She was also put on tab bactrim DS twice a day for 3 months along with tab doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 3 months by the infectious disease specialist. As the inflammation improved, the iris nodules were the last to resolve completely in 6 weeks. At 15-month follow-up, her eye was quiet, and vision was 6/9 (OD) with aphakic correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report a rare finding of iris nodules in a patient with culture proven <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> endogenous endophthalmitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"317-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Scleritis Associated with Late-Onset Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Report.","authors":"Yann Bertolani, Tetiana Goncharova, Eric Kirkegaard-Biosca, Julia Angrill-Valls, Natalia Anglada-Masferrer, Liliana Gutuleac, Laura Distefano, Miguel Ángel Zapata","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2413894","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2413894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a rare case of posterior scleritis associated with late-onset Takayasu arteritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case report of a 75-year-old female presenting with posterior scleritis, eventually diagnosed with late-onset Takayasu arteritis was described. Several medical evaluation visits were conducted, including ophthalmological and rheumatological follow-up. Multiple diagnostic tests were carried out, and the cornerstones of the treatment were corticosteroids and the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was admitted to our hospital's emergency room with right unilateral eyelid edema, chemosis and red eye. She had previously experienced two episodes that were misdiagnosed as preseptal cellulitis. The presence of choroidal folds and the T sign on the ultrasound exam were highly suggestive of posterior scleritis. Later, the patient was diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis, a type of large vessel vasculitis. Treatment with steroids was started, which was later switched to IL-6 inhibitors to achieve better control of the systemic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Posterior scleritis is often misdiagnosed, necessitating high clinical suspicion. Multimodal diagnosis is important to establish an accurate diagnosis. Up to 34% of cases may be associated with a systemic disease. This is the first case described in the literature of posterior scleritis associated with late-onset Takayasu arteritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"320-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual and Atypical Ocular Infections.","authors":"Derrick P Smit, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun, Jennifer E Thorne","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2025.2458997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2025.2458997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":"33 2","pages":"189-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermediate Uveitis with Cystoid Macular Edema as Presentation of Retained Caterpillar Hair in the Vitreous Cavity.","authors":"Nitin Kumar Menia, Sabia Handa, Ashish Markan, Umang Thakur, Aniruddha Agarwal, Vishali Gupta","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2345282","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2345282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report an unusual case of retained caterpillar hair in the vitreous cavity presenting as recurrent Intermediate Uveitis with cystoid macular edema.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Case Report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 40-year-old male presented to our uveitis clinic with recurrent episodes of redness and diminution of vision in his left eye for 3 years. He was diagnosed and treated elsewhere as a case of recurrent intermediate uveitis and was referred to our center for a second opinion to initiate immunosuppressive therapy. A detailed history revealed that a caterpillar had fallen into his left eye 3 years back, followed by severe irritation, pain, and redness. He received topical antibiotics and corticosteroids, and retained caterpillar hair was removed from the ocular surface. During the last 3 years, the patient had multiple episodes of inflammation despite being treated with oral and topical corticosteroids. At the current visit, a meticulous clinical examination at our centre revealed multiple, migrated, retained caterpillar hair in the vitreous cavity. The patient was diagnosed with Ophthalmia Nodosa (Type V) and managed with surgical intervention (vitreous surgery). The case highlights an unusual presentation of ON and the role of pars plana vitrectomy in its successful management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We highlight a rare and unusual presentation of ophthalmia nodosa and its successful management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Leptospirosis: Report of a Challenging Diagnosis.","authors":"Guilherme Macedo Souza, Heloisa Nascimento, Rubens Belfort","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2367651","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2367651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a challenging case of serologically confirmed posterior uveitis due to leptospirosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Review of medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen-year-old boy presented focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis after flood exposure. Laboratory work-up confirmed leptospirosis infection and proper antibiotic treatment was done. The patient evolved well. but during late follow-up he developed nummular keratitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leptospirosis is a possible etiology of necrotizing posterior uveitis. The use of antimicrobial therapy is controversial but was used in this case, in association with corticosteroids, leading to resolution of retinal inflammation. Despite treatment, the patient developed late corneal opacities, which did not lead to visual impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"214-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Involvement in Patients with Brucellosis: A Single-Center Prospective Study.","authors":"Murat Aydin, Ahmet Duhan Özbay, Nurten Nur Aydin","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2369655","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2369655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, type and treatment outcomes of ocular involvement in patients with brucellosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, single-center study enrolled patients admitted to the infectious disease outpatient clinic with diagnosed brucellosis between July 15, 2022 and July 15, 2023. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and a standard Brucella tube agglutination test (≥1/160) or a positive blood culture. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed at baseline and in the first month of treatment. Third and sixth month follow-up examinations were also performed for patients with ocular findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ocular involvement occurred in 60 (24.8%) of 242 patients. Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular involvement and was observed in 39 patients (16.1%). Uveitis was the second most common ocular involvement in 14 patients (5.8%). Scleritis was the least common ocular involvement and was observed in only one patient. Patients with ocular involvement were older (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and had higher rates of weight loss and spondylodiscitis (<i>p</i> = 0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Among laboratory parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in patients with ocular involvement (<i>p</i> = 0.001 and 0.036, respectively). There were no significant differences in other demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics between patients with and without ocular involvement. In 56 (93.3%) patients, the ocular findings improved during the follow-up examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brucellosis, a systemic infection, can manifest with ocular involvement. Early detection and treatment through ophthalmological examination are crucial in managing brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Ophthalmomyiasis Interna Posterior with Central Pigment Accumulation in the Inner Retina.","authors":"Vishal Jadhav, Jyoti Goyal, Suman Sahu, Anup Kelgaonkar, Soumyava Basu, Avinash Pathengay","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2374433","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2374433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior which was asymptomatic and had pigment clumps in the inner retina at the macula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-centre, observational, retrospective case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A routine refractive error check-up for an asymptomatic 52-year-old Asian Indian woman, who had relied on glasses for 8 years, unfolded a captivating narrative within her retina. This coloured fundus photo unveils mid-peripheral retinal disease with multiple outer retinal atrophic tracts, circumlinear patterns, and intricately intertwined RPE atrophic tracts. These were hyper-autofluorescent on blue autofluorescence. The inferonasal periphery had two-disc diameters of pigmented retinal-choroidal atrophic scar. The macula revealed a collection of black intraretinal pigments in parafoveal areas. The distinct clinical presentation, marked by multiple tracts and unilateral manifestation without disc pallor, hinted at the intriguing possibility of self-resolved \"Ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The course of disease in ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior can be self-limiting and asymptomatic. The presence of inner retinal pigments at foveal and parafoveal areas, possibly due to pigment migration from the peripheral outer retinal tracts, is a rare presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"218-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Syphilis - Clinical Features and Outcome in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Patients from a Tertiary Eye Center from India - A Comparative Study.","authors":"Arshee S Ahmed, Nair Nivedita, Sridharan Sudharshan, Anitha Manoharan, Appakkudal R Anand, Poongulali Selvamuthu, Jyotirmay Biswas","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2382347","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2382347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study and compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of ocular syphilis between HIV positive and HIV negative patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective hospital-based case series from a tertiary eye care hospital in India. Patients with uveitis and positive syphilis serology were included. Demographics, clinical features, investigations, imaging and treatment modalities were noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hundred and five (105) eyes of 66 patients were analyzed. Males were predominantly affected (<i>n</i> = 57/66, 86.4%). Secondary syphilis was the most common stage of presentation (<i>n</i> = 48/66, 72.7%). Two groups were identified: HIV positive (HIVP) patients (<i>n</i> = 39/66, 59%) and HIV negative (HIVN) patients (<i>n</i> = 27/66, 41%). 12/39 (30.8%) patients were newly diagnosed with HIV at the time of ocular presentation. Panuveitis was the most common presenting feature in both groups (<i>n</i> = 66/105 eyes, 62.8%). Diffuse necrotizing retinitis was more common in HIV patients (HIVP - 15 Vs HIVN - 5 eyes). Ocular co-infections were more common in HIV patients, ocular tuberculosis, the commonest in both groups. Intravenous penicillin and titrated dose of systemic steroids were the mainstay of treatment. Improvement in mean logMAR was noted from 1.415 to 0.828 with <i>p</i>-value < 0.001. At final follow-up, 71.8% patients showed visual improvement. Complete resolution of ocular inflammation was noted in 95.5% patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ocular syphilis poses a diagnostic challenge considering the varied presentations and clinical course both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups. Clinical presentations are not always classical. High index of suspicion with supportive laboratory investigations and with characteristic OCT features helps diagnosis. All uveitis patients, especially with those suspected with infectious etiology, need to be tested for syphilis serology to prevent vision loss in this resurgent disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroreversion in HIV-Associated Bilateral CMV Retinitis: A Challenging Case Report.","authors":"Radhika Sriram, Padmamalini Mahendradas, Prathiba Hande, Aditya Patil, Ankush Kawali, Sai Bhakti Mishra, Sara Rizvi, Rohit Shetty","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2385606","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2385606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of seroreversion in a patient with HIV-associated bilateral CMV retinitis and the challenges associated with detection of this phenomenon in late stages of HIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective single case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical picture of the patient on presentation was suggestive of viral retinitis. PCR confirmed a diagnosis of CMV retinitis. Serology for HIV-1 & 2 was negative. A viral load of HIV and CD-4 count confirmed his sero status to be positive for HIV. Improvement in visual acuity and slow resolution of the lesion was noted with both anti-viral for CMV and HIV. A repeat HIV-1 testing was positive with an improvement in CD4 count.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In highly suspicious individual, with a negative serology (post screening test) for HIV, the disease status should be confirmed by testing the individual for HIV viral load and CD4 count.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"303-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis in an Immunocompetent Patient with Chronic CMV Anterior Uveitis.","authors":"Marko Chi-Wei Tien, Alexander J Kaplan","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2389460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2024.2389460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We report a unique case of non-necrotizing occlusive retinal vasculitis presenting two years following chronic hypertensive uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case Report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 32-year-old Iraqi woman with a history of Posner-Schlossman Syndrome diagnosed 10 years prior presented with blurred vision and redness in her left eye. Examination demonstrated ocular hypertension, keratic precipitates, and inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the presence of cytomegalovirus in the aqueous humor, and dilated posterior segment examination was negative for any signs of intraocular inflammation, retinitis, or vasculitis. Her uveitis workup was otherwise negative, and she was treated with valganciclovir for 6 months. Two years after her initial presentation, she was noted to have a new vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated an occlusive retinal vasculitis with extensive neovascularization without retinitis. Quantitative real-time PCR again demonstrated the presence of cytomegalovirus in the anterior chamber. Her uveitis workup was repeated, which has now returned positive for HLA-B51. She otherwise did not demonstrate any systemic signs of Behcet's Disease. She was restarted on valganciclovir and oral prednisone and referred to rheumatology for consideration of adalimumab initiation. Thus far she has responded very well to treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of serial posterior segment examinations and HLA-B51 testing in individuals with cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"308-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}