Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Cathelicidin expression in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and the therapeutic potential of vitamin D","authors":"Tess Connell,&nbsp;Karin Seidler,&nbsp;James Neil","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition. Emerging evidence indicates that alterations in the cutaneous expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin contribute to AD pathogenesis, including weakened skin barrier (SB) function, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>SA</em>) colonization. Cathelicidin expression is vitamin D (VD)–dependent and low VD, highly prevalent in AD populations, may impede cathelicidin induction. This review investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms linking cathelicidin expression with SB function and <em>SA</em> colonization/infection, and the impact of VD as a nutritional intervention to target cathelicidin expression, SB function, and <em>SA</em> colonization/infection to inform AD management in clinical practice. We hypothesize that low VD concentrations contribute to reduced cathelicidin expression and the development and/or exacerbation of AD, and interventions to increase serum VD concentrations may upregulate cathelicidin expression and ameliorate AD pathogenesis. A systematic literature search was performed. Sixty-eight peer-reviewed papers were accepted, critically appraised, and summarized in a narrative analysis. Our findings indicate: (1) cathelicidin has a role in SB function and anti-<em>SA</em> activity and (2) VD supplementation (VDS) at doses of 1000–2000 IU/day for 1 to 3 months increases cathelicidin expression and reduces <em>SA</em> abundance and AD severity in individuals with low serum VD. There is no evidence to support the use of VDS in individuals with sufficient serum VD. The results support the use of VDS at 1000–2000 IU/day for 3 months to ameliorate AD pathophysiology when serum VD concentrations are within deficiency/insufficiency ranges. Further clinical research is required to establish optimal dosage and duration for VDS interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between dietary and skin carotenoids across 12 months in a midwestern sample of toddlers","authors":"Laura M Rosok ,&nbsp;Lexi M Fifield ,&nbsp;Rhea Sarma ,&nbsp;Shelby A Keye ,&nbsp;Anne M Walk ,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids, pigments found in fruits and vegetables, accumulate in human tissues after consumption. While cross-sectional studies have linked skin carotenoids to carotenoid intake, longitudinal data in childhood is limited. This study aimed to (1) describe changes in skin carotenoids and carotenoid intake in toddlers across 12 mo, and (2) examine cross-sectional relations between intake of carotenoids and skin carotenoids at each timepoint. We hypothesized positive correlations between carotenoid intake and skin carotenoids. Toddlers participated in a 12mo cohort study with 3 timepoints: baseline (12-18 mo, <em>n</em> = 51), midpoint (18-24 mo, <em>n</em> = 46), and final assessment (24-30 mo, <em>n</em> = 41). Skin carotenoids were measured using reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter^TM). Parents completed 3 dietary recalls per timepoint to assess toddler intake. Repeated-measures ANOVAs indicated no significant changes in skin carotenoids; however, significant time effects were observed for tomato [F(2, 74) = 4.61, <em>P = .</em>01], α-carotene [F(2,76) = 4.76, <em>P = .</em>01], and β-carotene intake [F(2,76) = 6.78, <em>P</em> ≤ .01]. Pairwise comparisons revealed increased tomato intake from baseline to final assessment (<em>P &lt; .</em>01), decreased α-carotene intake from baseline to midpoint (<em>P = .</em>01) and final assessment (<em>P = .</em>02), and decreased β-carotene intake from baseline to midpoint (<em>P &lt; .</em>01). Regressions showed a positive relation between egg intake and skin carotenoids at baseline (β = 0.26, <em>P = .</em>04), with no other significant associations at any timepoint. Over the 12-month period, toddlers exhibited increased tomato intake and decreased α- and β-carotene intake. Additional research on toddler dietary patterns is needed to understand their impact on skin carotenoids and to guide targeted dietary interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary total antioxidant capacity and polyphenol intake benefit the inflammatory profile and HDL-C concentrations in individuals with metabolic syndrome","authors":"Talita do Nascimento Peixoto ,&nbsp;Layne Christina Benedito de Assis Lima ,&nbsp;Josivan Gomes Lima ,&nbsp;Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena-Evangelista ,&nbsp;Renata Alves Carnauba ,&nbsp;Franco Maria Lajolo ,&nbsp;Lucia Fátima Campos Pedrosa","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The total dietary antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) have been studied for their potential to improve metabolic profiles. However, their relationship with all the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammatory parameters in individuals diagnosed with MetS remains underexplored, particularly in Brazil. We hypothesized that higher DTAC and DPI concentrations would be associated with better metabolic profiles in individuals with MetS. This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effects of DTAC and DPI on MetS components and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations. This cross-sectional study included 224 individuals with MetS recruited from an endocrinology outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected along with two 24-hour dietary recalls. DTAC was estimated from food consumption data measured using the ferric-reducing antioxidant potential method. The DPI was obtained from the databases of Phenol Explorer and the United States Department of Agriculture. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association of DTAC and DPI with triglyceride, fasting glucose, HDL-C, waist circumference, blood pressure, and hs-CRP concentrations. The results indicated that higher intakes of DTAC, total polyphenols, and phenolic acids were associated with reduced hs-CRP concentrations, suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits in individuals with MetS. Furthermore, increased flavonoid intake was linked to higher HDL-C concentration, suggesting a favorable effect on lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest the incorporation of antioxidant- and polyphenol-rich foods into dietary recommendations for managing inflammation and preventing dyslipidemia in individuals with MetS. These findings should be interpreted with caution because cross-sectional studies cannot determine causality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin C status of pregnant and lactating women: Negative associations with body weight and current smoking","authors":"Anitra C. Carr","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pregnancy and lactation are believed to elevate requirements for vitamin C. Body weight and smoking status are also known significantly impact vitamin C status. The hypothesis of the current study premised that pregnant and lactating women would have lower vitamin C status than nonpregnant/nonlactating women and higher body weight and current smoking would further impact this. Relevant data was extracted from NHANES 2017-18 and NHANES 2003-6 datasets; this included demographic, reproductive and anthropometric variables, vitamin C intake (dietary and supplemental) and serum vitamin C concentrations. The final combined dataset comprised 3730 women aged 18-44 years; 601 (16%) were confirmed pregnant and 476 (13%) had infants, of whom 129 (27%) were breastfeeding. The vitamin C intake and serum status of the pregnant group was higher than the nonpregnant group (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). Despite this, approximately 40% were not consuming the recommended vitamin C intake of 85 mg/d and 27% did not achieve adequate vitamin C status of 50 µmol/L. Vitamin C status was 9 µmol/L lower at nine months relative to two months of pregnancy (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), despite a 56 mg/d higher vitamin C intake (<em>P</em> = .007). Vitamin C status was negatively associated with body weight and smoking status (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). Breastfeeding woman had comparable vitamin C status to nonbreastfeeding women with infants (<em>P</em> = .3), despite a 36 mg/d higher vitamin C intake (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). The results indicate that pregnant and lactating women, particularly smokers, have higher requirements for vitamin C and are recommended to increase their vitamin C intakes to meet current dietary intake guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids and seafood significantly contributes to metabolic syndrome burden in China","authors":"Xiao Tang ,&nbsp;Pan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Suhua Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Xionghai Lu ,&nbsp;You Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen Yan ,&nbsp;Yin Li ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and seafood intakes have been shown to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas data on related MetS burden in China remain absent. We hypothesize that low marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption are a significant contributor to the burden of MetS in China. The time trend of marine n-3 PUFAs consumption and seafood was evaluated based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We used the comparative risk assessment method to estimate the population attributable fraction of MetS cases attributable to the low marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption. We also projected the intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood and the related MetS burden from 2011 to 2031. The overall intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs (40.4 mg/day) and seafood (32.6 g/day) were far below the optimal level in 2011. The low intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood were estimated to be responsible for 8.1% and 2.2% of the MetS burden, accounting for 17.0 and 4.6 million MetS cases, respectively, according to the International Diabetes Federation definition in 2011. Although marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood intakes are projected to increase for the next 20 years, the intake levels would still be inadequate and are expected to contribute to 11.3 (marine n-3 PUFAs) and 2.2 (seafood) million MetS cases in 2031. Dietary guidelines should continue to highlight increasing marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption to reduce the MetS burden in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brazilian traditional dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of advanced steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Jéssica Silva Salarini ,&nbsp;Lygia Nestal Barroso ,&nbsp;Jade Veloso Freitas ,&nbsp;Nathalie Carvalho Leite ,&nbsp;Tatiana Pereira de Paula ,&nbsp;Patrícia de Carvalho Padilha ,&nbsp;Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying dietary patterns in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is critical, since nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that contributes to the etiology and progression of the disease. This study evaluated the association between dietary patterns and lipid and glycemic profiles, liver biomarkers, and degrees of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with MASLD. In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients who completed the entire dietary assessment were included in the analyses. Dietary intake was assessed through 24-hour dietary recalls, and 4 dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. Mean scores were analyzed by sex, age group, and nutritional status, and associations with main outcomes were tested by binomial logistic regression, with significance set at <em>P &gt; .</em>05. There was greater adherence to the prudent pattern among men (95% CI 2.1-2.84), which consisted of fresh fruits and fruit juices, whole grains and breads, eggs and egg-based preparations, and coffee and tea, and a lower chance of advanced steatosis in individuals with greater adherence to the traditional Brazilian pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.20-0.97). This pattern, based on minimally processed foods rich in fiber, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants, was shown to be protective against advanced steatosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David Kritchevsky Graduate Student Award for Nutrition Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00065-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00065-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial office and Board Members","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00064-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00064-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, and vitamin E status in adults with metabolic syndrome consuming almonds as snack foods: a randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Laura M. Beaver ,&nbsp;Scott W. Leonard ,&nbsp;Sandra L. Uesugi ,&nbsp;Carmen P. Wong ,&nbsp;Lily-Marie Lytle ,&nbsp;Anusha Vasudevan ,&nbsp;Ethan M. Papenhausen ,&nbsp;Yashasvini Jupudi ,&nbsp;Deborah Bella ,&nbsp;Gerd Bobe ,&nbsp;Maret G. Traber ,&nbsp;Emily Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic inflammation and gut barrier breakdown contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome and affect the development of cardiometabolic diseases, especially in persons consuming low-quality diets with limited bioactive compounds. Almonds are a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesize almond consumption can help disrupt metabolic syndrome progression by improving gut and cardiometabolic health and decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, adults with metabolic syndrome were randomized to consume either almonds (2 oz, whole, dry roasted, <em>n</em> = 38) or crackers (control, equal caloric content, <em>n</em> = 39), as a daily snack for 12 weeks, and samples were collected (0, 4, and 12 weeks). Compared with participants consuming crackers, almond consumption resulted in lower plasma total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, a modest improvement in waist circumference (week 4), and improved dietary intakes of α-tocopherol, soluble fiber, copper, biotin, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids. Almond consumption raised plasma α-tocopherol concentrations (relative to cholesterol concentrations) and increased excretion of a vitamin E biomarker (α-CEHC). Almond consumption improved biomarkers of gut barrier function and intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin, myeloperoxidase) in participants with elevated inflammation at baseline. Total body weight, caloric intake, and markers of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin), systemic inflammation (plasma interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, CD14), and oxidative damage (malondialdehyde) were not altered by almond consumption. In conclusion, daily almond snacking improves nutrient intake and decreases gut inflammation in participants with metabolic syndrome. These beneficial dietary and inflammatory changes may contribute to the improvements in cardiovascular health observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 50-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of ketone bodies and ketogenesis on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway: A systematic review","authors":"Azlinah Matawali ,&nbsp;Jia Wen Yeap ,&nbsp;Shaida Fariza Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Mei Lan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ketogenesis and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are linked to metabolic imbalance and disease progression. While ketone metabolism and mTOR inhibition are mechanistically connected, their functional relationship across disease models remains unclear. Although ketogenesis can be induced by ketone ingestion, ketogenic diet, or fasting, their individual effects on this pathway require further clarification. This study systematically reviews the relationship between ketogenesis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, following PRISMA guidelines across 3 databases. Eligible studies that met the selection criteria were evaluated using the risk of bias tools. In most studies involving the ketogenic diet or ketone bodies, suppression of the signaling pathway may lead to positive outcomes in terms of survival rate, lifespan, improved metabolic homeostasis, enhanced neurovascular function and suppressed progression of tumors. By contrast, β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation is associated with the up-regulation of AKT and downstream markers. It may exert an anabolic activity by activating the mTOR signaling pathway in muscle atrophy models and is associated with muscle recovery. Although fasting increases p-AKT expression, this may not necessarily indicate activation of the downstream mTOR signaling cascade, as it could result from an insulin response or regulatory feedback mechanisms. Regulation of the mTOR signaling by ketogenesis may be tissue-specific. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in ketogenesis-induced circumstances may justify the importance of a ketogenic-based diet regimen in combating metabolic diseases. However, future studies should consider standardizing factors such as the duration of fasting, timing, composition of the ketogenic diet and target tissues as these factors may affect study outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"139 ","pages":"Pages 16-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}