Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Common Brazilian dietary pattern is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in adolescents","authors":"Maria Dinara de Araújo Nogueira ,&nbsp;Xênia Maia Xenofonte Martins ,&nbsp;Ribanna Aparecida Marques Braga ,&nbsp;Isabelle Furtado Silva Cruz ,&nbsp;Natassia Ellen Rodrigues Paiva Barros ,&nbsp;Soraia Pinheiro Machado ,&nbsp;Carla Soraya Costa Maia","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on dietary patterns in adolescents can contribute to monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Our hypothesis is that, in Brazilian adolescents, the coffee with bread and Common Brazilian dietary patterns are associated with a better cardiovascular profile, since they have previously been associated with a lower chance of being overweight. This study aims to verify the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in adolescents using isolated and combined lipid variables in the form of indices. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 825 adolescents from public schools. The dependent variables included alterations in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, and non-HDL-c, as well as the Castelli I and II indices and the triglycerides/HDL-c ratio. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis: <em>Coffee with bread, Common Brazilian</em>, and <em>Mixed</em>. Regression models were used to assess the association of these patterns with isolated lipid alterations and indices. Greater adherence to the <em>Common Brazilian</em> pattern reduced the odds of having elevated total cholesterol by 49% (OR: 0.51; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.28, 0.94), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 70% (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.72), elevated non-HDL-c by 42% (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.98), even after adjustment for potential confounders. Greater adherence to the <em>Common Brazilian</em> pattern demonstrated a potential protective effect against CVR in adolescents. No associations were found between the <em>Coffee with bread</em> and <em>Mixed</em> patterns and CVR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood urea nitrogen-guided protein dosage adjustment helps reduce azotemia and functional prognosis deterioration induced by high protein intake in neurocritical patients: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ziyu Chen ,&nbsp;Junlin Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhao,&nbsp;Zhenzhou Lin,&nbsp;Dongmei Wang,&nbsp;Yongming Wu,&nbsp;Kaibin Huang,&nbsp;Suyue Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal protein dosage for neurocritical patients remains uncertain. We hypothesized that higher protein dosage increases azotemia risk and worsens prognosis, and that baseline BUN can guide protein dosage adjustments. In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, we included 327 neurocritical patients aged 18 or older admitted between July 2018 and June 2023 (BMI: 18.5-30 kg/m²). Daily protein intake from all sources was calculated. The primary outcome was azotemia incidence, and secondary outcomes included 30-day functional prognosis (mRS &gt;3). Patients were categorized by protein intake: &lt;0.8 g/kg/d, 0.8–1.3 g/kg/d, and &gt;1.3 g/kg/d. Azotemia incidence was lower in the &lt;0.8 g/kg/d group compared to the &gt;1.3 g/kg/d group (21.9 vs. 45.7%, adjusted <em>p</em> = 0.002), with a significant correlation after adjusting for confounders. Among patients with an APACHE II score &lt;15, the &lt;0.8 g/kg/d group had lower azotemia rates and better prognosis. For those with a score ≥15, the &gt;1.3 g/kg/d group had higher azotemia rates and worse prognosis. A U-shaped relationship between BUN and 30-day prognosis was observed in the &lt;0.8 g/kg/d group. For BUN &lt;4.3 mmol/L, protein intake of 0.8–1.3 g/kg/d improved outcomes, whereas for BUN &gt;4.3 mmol/L, intake &lt;0.8 g/kg/d was beneficial. The research demonstrates that excessive protein intake is associated with increased azotemia risk and worse outcomes. Baseline BUN may help inform protein dosage selection in neurocritical care, though its generalizability requires validation in multicenter prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 46-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased vitamin C requirements in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Anitra C. Carr ,&nbsp;Chris Frampton ,&nbsp;Helen Lunt","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a constellation of dysregulated cardiometabolic parameters. This study assessed associations between MetS and vitamin C in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine vitamin C requirements in people with a range of MetS severity, the hypothesis being that people with higher MetS severity would have higher requirements for the vitamin. Data for non-supplementing, fasting adults (<em>n</em> = 4,832) was extracted from NHANES 2003-6 and 2017-18 and included demographic and lifestyle variables, cardiometabolic laboratory variables, vitamin C dietary intakes and serum concentrations. MetS severity score was calculated using sex, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose concentrations. The mean (range) MetS severity score for the group was 0.19 (-4.0 to 6.8). There was a negative association between MetS severity score and serum vitamin C (<em>r</em>=-0.203, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Participants who met the vitamin C adequacy threshold of ≥50 µmol/L had a mean MetS severity score of 0.00 vs 0.38 in those who did not meet the threshold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). When the group was stratified by MetS severity score tertiles, the participants with the highest scores required an intake &gt;100 mg/d, equating to an additional 65 mg/d (or 2.7-fold higher intake requirement) to meet the adequacy threshold relative to those with the lowest scores. Comparable relationships were observed between the individual MetS severity score components and vitamin C status and requirements. Overall, the results indicate that increased metabolic dysregulation results in decreased vitamin C status and a higher intake requirement for the vitamin to meet adequate circulating concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial office and Board Members","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00113-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00113-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher serum vitamin D concentration and supplementation were associated with improved survival outcomes and treatment response in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Chi Shu ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Xie ,&nbsp;Hong Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Huanrui Hu ,&nbsp;Jichun Zhao ,&nbsp;Chuan Xu ,&nbsp;Yazhou He","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological evidence has demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D, but whether it could predict the effect of cancer immunotherapy remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that higher serum vitamin D concentration and supplementation might be correlated with better prognosis and treatment response among cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. We systematically searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles from inception to June 19, 2025. We calculated the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effect model primarily to determine the relationship between vitamin D and prognosis in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Thirteen studies involving 2592 cancer patients were included. Higher vitamin D concentration was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.58, <em>P &lt; .</em>001), as well as progression-free survival (PFS), event-free survival (EFS), and objective response rate (ORR). For cancer subtypes, elevated vitamin D concentration was associated with improved OS in lymphoma patients receiving any immunotherapy. All included patients with solid tumors received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and showed positive effects of higher vitamin D. Furthermore, a significant correlation was also observed between vitamin D supplementation and prolonged OS (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.94, <em>P = .</em>022). Higher vitamin D concentration and supplementation demonstrated improved treatment outcomes to immunotherapy in cancer patients. However, due to limited categories of cancers available, more high-quality studies with multiple cancers and treatment regimens enrolled are warranted before vitamin D supplementation could be administered to further improve the prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 82-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweetened beverage intake across moderate intake range is not associated with pregnancy-related weight change or biomarkers of glycemic control","authors":"Mia G. Kwan ,&nbsp;Leah M. Lipsky ,&nbsp;Kyle S. Burger ,&nbsp;Grace E. Shearrer ,&nbsp;Tonja R. Nansel","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While sweetened beverage intake is associated with weight and glycemic outcomes in the general population, relations during pregnancy are unclear. This prospective observational study tested the hypothesis that greater sweetened beverage intake would be associated with higher pregnancy-related weight change and glucose regulation biomarkers. The Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study recruited participants with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies ≤12 weeks gestation and no major chronic illness from 2 obstetrics clinics in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Healthcare System from November 2014 to October 2016. Data from participants with completed pregnancy dietary recalls (n = 365) were analyzed. Intake (oz) of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NNSB) was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls across pregnancy and across postpartum. Weight was measured throughout pregnancy to 1-year postpartum to determine gestational weight gain adequacy and 1-year postpartum weight retention; fasting blood glucose and insulin were obtained in the 2nd trimester. Multinomial logistic regressions estimated associations of sweetened beverage intake with gestational weight gain adequacy; linear regressions estimated associations of sweetened beverage intake with postpartum weight retention, fasting blood glucose, and insulin. In analyses adjusted for age, household income-poverty ratio, education, marital status, and physical activity, neither SSB nor NNSB intake during pregnancy was associated with excessive gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention, fasting glucose or fasting insulin. Additionally, SSB and NNSB intake in postpartum were unassociated with postpartum weight retention. Sweetened beverages may not contribute to excess pregnancy-related weight gain or glucose dysregulation within the moderate range of intake observed in this sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindful eating intervention for preventing obesity in youth: A narrative review of literature","authors":"Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo ,&nbsp;Sebastián Vivas","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease with associated harms and risks to health, as well as to quality of life and well-being. Currently, approximately 8% of the child and adolescent population suffer from obesity. The objective was to review psychoeducational interventions based on mindful eating for the prevention and management of obesity in youth. A review of the literature was conducted following a narrative approach with a review of different sources. Several databases were consulted (Web of Science [all databases], PsycINFO, Scopus). After searching for psychoeducational interventions based on mindful eating, a total of 15 articles were found, of which 10 were of a preventive nature in the normative child-adolescent population and the rest were aimed at the overweight or obese population or both conditions. The programs that trained mindful eating found behavioral improvements such as an increase in the choice and self-control in the consumption of food, in the identification of biological sensations, improvement in self-concept and well-being. In those interventions aimed at young people with obesity, improvements were obtained in aspects related to mindful eating, self-efficacy in weight control and food-related cravings, and in food control and the regulation of associated emotions. However, a great variety of weaknesses have been detected in the programs, such as the heterogeneity of applied models, use of measures, duration, sample size, lack of protocolization, control groups, or follow-up measures, among others. In conclusion, future lines of mindful eating-based interventions are proposed to extend the results by overcoming the limitations of the studies reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 116-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory index as a modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Serap Balaban Barta ,&nbsp;Rıfat Bozkus ,&nbsp;Hilal Simsek ,&nbsp;Bengisu Kosal ,&nbsp;Aslı Ucar","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing evidence that a proinflammatory diet contributes to the increased risk of sarcopenia by exacerbating low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, ultimately inducing muscle loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), physical activity level, and body composition with sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis of this study was that higher DII increases the risk of sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 249 adults aged 50 years and older with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of a tertiary hospital in Türkiye. Nutritional status was determined by 24-hour recall, dietary inflammatory status by energy-adjusted-DII, and physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Muscle strength was measured by handgrip dynamometer, body composition analysis was measured by bioelectrical impedance method, and sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP-2 criteria. The mean age of the participants was 62.1 ± 6.9 years and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.7%. Handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass significantly decreased with increasing DII score from tertile 1 to 3 (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). A higher DII score was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-4.47, <em>P</em> = .008). This study shows that increased DII was independently associated with sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders. Dietary strategies aimed at reducing the potential for inflammation through dietary patterns rich in antioxidants, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids may be useful in managing the risk of sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and older.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids and seafood significantly contributes to metabolic syndrome burden in China","authors":"Xiao Tang ,&nbsp;Pan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Suhua Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Xionghai Lu ,&nbsp;You Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen Yan ,&nbsp;Yin Li ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and seafood intakes have been shown to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas data on related MetS burden in China remain absent. We hypothesize that low marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption are a significant contributor to the burden of MetS in China. The time trend of marine n-3 PUFAs consumption and seafood was evaluated based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We used the comparative risk assessment method to estimate the population attributable fraction of MetS cases attributable to the low marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption. We also projected the intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood and the related MetS burden from 2011 to 2031. The overall intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs (40.4 mg/day) and seafood (32.6 g/day) were far below the optimal level in 2011. The low intakes of marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood were estimated to be responsible for 8.1% and 2.2% of the MetS burden, accounting for 17.0 and 4.6 million MetS cases, respectively, according to the International Diabetes Federation definition in 2011. Although marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood intakes are projected to increase for the next 20 years, the intake levels would still be inadequate and are expected to contribute to 11.3 (marine n-3 PUFAs) and 2.2 (seafood) million MetS cases in 2031. Dietary guidelines should continue to highlight increasing marine n-3 PUFAs and seafood consumption to reduce the MetS burden in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin E is associated with inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome: insights from a population study","authors":"Marcela Larissa Costa ,&nbsp;Cristiane Hermes Sales ,&nbsp;João Valentini Neto ,&nbsp;Flávia Mori Sarti ,&nbsp;Marcelo Macedo Rogero ,&nbsp;Regina Mara Fisberg","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties and has been proposed as a promising agent in mitigating conditions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesize that vitamin E is inversely associated with inflammatory biomarkers and low-grade systemic inflammation while showing a direct association with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, we hypothesize that vitamin E will also be inversely associated with the risk of developing MetS. This population-based, cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 ISA-Nutrition survey, which included 368 adults and 212 older adults residing in urban São Paulo. Plasma vitamin E concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and MetS was diagnosed based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were assessed using standardized protocols. Restricted cubic spline regression models were applied to evaluate nonlinear associations between vitamin E, inflammation, and MetS. In the linear association between IL-6 and vitamin E, there is an interaction with HDL-c. Our findings also revealed a nonlinear J-shaped association between vitamin E and hepcidin (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001), IL-1β (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001), and adiponectin (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), as well as an inverse association with low-grade systemic inflammation (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). Additionally, vitamin E demonstrated a nonlinear association with MetS (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). These results suggest that vitamin E may play a protective role in modulating inflammation and MetS within this specific urban population. Understanding the interactions between vitamin E, inflammation, and MetS risk is essential for developing prevention and dietary management strategies. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms and assess optimal vitamin E intake to support metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"140 ","pages":"Pages 161-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}