Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Weight cycling in women: A challenge for cardiometabolic health, not for brown fat","authors":"Laura Ramos Gonçalves Gomes ,&nbsp;Isabela Solar ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Martelli ,&nbsp;Vinícius Ferreira Santos ,&nbsp;Lício Augusto Velloso ,&nbsp;Bruno Geloneze ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body weight cycling (BWC) consists of repeated episodes of intentional weight loss followed by unintentional regain, which has been associated with adverse metabolic and body composition changes. In animal models, reduced energy expenditure may also contribute to brown adipose tissue (BAT) loss. Thus, we hypothesize that BWC in humans associates with reduced BAT activity. We explored associations between BWC, cold-induced BAT activity and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study included 121 women (aged 20-41 years; body mass index: 18.9-52.3 kg/m²). Participants were classified as noncyclers or cyclers based on self-reported BWC history (≥3 episodes of intentional weight loss and regain of ≥4.5 kg over the past 4 years). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed, and visceral adipose tissue and body fat percentages (%BF) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BAT activity was assessed using infrared thermography of the supraclavicular region at 15-minute intervals over a 2-hour period, and the maximum temperature reached during cold exposure was considered as BAT activity parameter. A total of 92 participants were classified as cyclers, exhibiting higher body adiposity and a more unfavorable metabolic profile than noncyclers. BWC emerged as a negative predictor of BAT activity (β = −0.34; <em>P</em> = .008), but this effect was completely mediated by %BF, rendering the direct association nonsignificant (β = −0.086; <em>P</em> = .539). These findings suggest the effect of BWC history on BAT activity was fully mediated by %BF. Clinically, this implies that therapies targeting BAT activity should also address overall adiposity in individuals with obesity, irrespective of prior weight-cycling history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evening chronotype, irregular circadian eating patterns, and eating-related behaviors may be associated with increased obesity risk among Turkish university students: A large-scale cross-sectional study","authors":"Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the interplay between chronotype, chrononutritional indices, diet quality, eating behaviors, circadian rhythm variables, and obesity indicators in university students. Specifically, in this cross-sectional study, 618 healthy students from Erciyes University completed validated questionnaires assessing chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, MEQ), Mediterranean diet adherence (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, MEDAS), hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale, PFS), eating awareness (Mindful Eating Inventory, MEI), and chrononutritional variables. Furthermore, associations were evaluated using ANCOVA, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Results indicated that morning types demonstrated higher MEDAS and MEI scores, more frequent breakfast consumption, lower eating and social jetlag than evening types; while evening types had a shorter eating window than intermediate types (all P &lt; .05). Moreover, greater eating jetlag was associated with longer eating windows, more frequent breakfast consumption, higher social jetlag, and shorter sleep (all P &lt; .001). In addition, multivariable models showed that MEI scores were inversely associated with waist circumference (β = −0.104, P &lt; .001), waist-to-hip ratio (β = −0.074, P = .013), and body mass index (β = −0.156, P &lt; .001). Conversely, PFS scores were positively correlated with anthropometric indicators of obesity, while MEI scores were inversely associated with these measures (all P &lt; .05). Taken together, evening chronotype, irregular meal timing, and predominantly lower eating awareness were independently linked to poorer dietary patterns, adverse eating behaviors, and increased obesity risk in young adults. Thus, promoting morning-oriented eating, regular meals, and mindful eating may improve metabolic health in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 74-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including malnourished siblings in treatment improves nutritional outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia in Northern Nigeria: Results from a feasibility trial","authors":"Hassan Adam Murtala ,&nbsp;Shehu U. Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Safiya Gambo ,&nbsp;Halima Kabir ,&nbsp;Khadija A. Shamsu ,&nbsp;Garba Gwarzo ,&nbsp;Sari A. Acra ,&nbsp;Virginia A. Stallings ,&nbsp;Mark Rodeghier ,&nbsp;Michael R. DeBaun ,&nbsp;Lauren J. Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Best treatment approaches for malnutrition in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) remain underexplored. We hypothesized that (1) children with SCA (CwSCA) enrolled in a malnutrition trial alongside their non-SCA siblings would experience greater nutritional improvements than those without an enrolled sibling and (2) enrolled malnourished siblings without SCA would have higher baseline nutritional status and greater improvements in nutritional status than CwSCA. We tested these hypotheses as part of a randomized controlled feasibility trial at 2 medical centers in northern Nigeria, a low-resource setting with a significant burden of malnutrition and SCA. Participants included 108 CwSCA (5-12 years) with severe malnutrition (body mass index (BMI) z-score &lt;-3.0), 21 of whom had an enrolled sibling (Sibling) with severe malnutrition but without SCA (5-12 years, n = 22). All participants received daily ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for 12 weeks. CwSCA with a Sibling had a higher mean BMI z-score change than CwSCA without a Sibling (0.8 vs 0.4, <em>P</em> = .003). The mean baseline BMI z-scores for the CwSCA (-3.7) were comparable to those of their Siblings (-3.6; <em>P</em> = .47). Improvement in BMI z-score was similar between CwSCA and their malnourished siblings without SCA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that including malnourished siblings in nutritional interventions enhances outcomes for CwSCA. We postulate that the additional calories delivered by co-treating siblings reduce intrahousehold competition for RUTF, thereby allowing CwSCA to consume a greater share of the therapeutic food. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03634488).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David Kritchevsky Graduate Student Award for Nutrition Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00150-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0271-5317(25)00150-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between the consumption of red meat with and without visible fat: Associations with prospective changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults 40 years of age and older","authors":"Arthur E. Mesas ,&nbsp;Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni ,&nbsp;Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ,&nbsp;Marcos A.S. Cabrera ,&nbsp;Mariana R. Urbano ,&nbsp;Airton C. Martins ,&nbsp;Michael Aschner ,&nbsp;Monica M.B. Paoliello","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While previous studies have suggested associations between frequent red meat (RM) consumption with visible fat and cardiovascular disease, prospective evidence examining relationships with specific cardiometabolic risk factors remains limited. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to analyze the associations between RM consumption, including selecting lean cuts or removing visible fat, and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. The study included 1180 Brazilian adults 40 years of age and older, evaluated between 2011 and 2015. Linear regression models were adjusted by the main confounders to estimate the associations between daily RM and RM fat consumption with changes in body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and lipid profile. Of the initial participants, 884 (74.9%) were followed up, of whom 25.0% consumed RM daily and 36.5% regularly ate RM fat. Daily vs nondaily RM consumption showed no associations with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, compared to participants who removed visible fat, those consuming RM fat showed significantly greater WC increases (<em>β</em> = 1.29 cm; 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 2.34) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreases (<em>β</em> = −1.85 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: −3.51, −0.19). Although the results were adjusted for baseline values, body mass index, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, data on diet quality and energy intake were unavailable and could not be included. Daily RM consumption was not associated with adverse cardiometabolic changes. However, visible RM fat consumption was associated with modest but statistically significant increases in WC and decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults ≥40 years of age who consume RM regularly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on the exercise performance of physically active individuals under caffeine supplementation: a systematic review","authors":"Gabriel Peres Messenburger ,&nbsp;Fernanda Ferreira Nuñez ,&nbsp;Olavo Porepp ,&nbsp;Lucas das Neves Collares ,&nbsp;Felipe Mendes Delpino ,&nbsp;Carlos Castilho de Barros ,&nbsp;Simone Pieniz","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on the exercise performance of athletes and physically active individuals with caffeine supplementation. We followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The search was performed up to May 2025 and included the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, LILACS, and SPORTDiscus. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effects of caffeine supplementation and the influence of the CYP1A2 genotype on exercise performance were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the updated version of the Cochrane tool for assessing bias risk in randomized trials (RoB 2). We included 19 studies, involving 732 participants, and published between 2012 and 2024. Dosages of caffeine supplementation ranged from 2 to 9 mg/kg. Although there is no consensus among all studies, caffeine supplementation has shown positive results in sports performance in individuals with the AA genotype, as well as positive for AC individuals with smaller effect sizes, and null or negative for individuals with the CC genotype. The majority (84%) of the included studies were classified as “some concerns” in our risk of bias analysis, with only two studies classified as having a low risk of bias. Caffeine may enhance athletic performance in various sports modalities and physical tests in individuals with the AA genotype, may also demonstrate marginal improvement in AC individuals, and has null or detrimental effects on individuals with the CC genotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 16-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox state is similar in subjects following omnivorous, vegan, vegetarian, and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet","authors":"Nives Bogataj Jontez,&nbsp;Karin Šik Novak,&nbsp;Zala Jenko Pražnikar,&nbsp;Ana Petelin,&nbsp;Nina Mohorko,&nbsp;Saša Kenig","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related noncommunicable diseases are a major health burden in developed countries, with oxidative stress being a key contributing factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that redox status among 88 participants with a particular interest in nutrition and habitually following 4 popular dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, low-carbohydrate high-fat, and omnivorous), is similar, but correlates with diet quality. Dietary intake was assessed using food diaries, and venous blood samples were collected to measure serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), bilirubin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)/reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and sirtuin 1 concentration, and the expression of antioxidative enzymes in leukocytes. TAC and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio were higher in the vegan group compared with the vegetarian group, whereas bilirubin concentration was higher in the omnivorous compared with the low-carbohydrate high-fat group. Other differences between the dietary groups were not significant. NAD⁺/NADH ratio and sirtuin 1 were positively correlated with diet quality, assessed with the Healthy Eating Index. Correlation analysis between dietary variables and redox markers revealed only a few weak to moderate associations. However, a hierarchical regression model including age, gender, and dietary variables explained 19.8% of the variance in TAC, 21.2% of the variance in the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, and 44.3% of the variance in sirtuin 1 concentration. Therefore, in healthy, relatively young participants with appropriate energy intakes, endogenous mechanisms are able to compensate for oxidative stress to a similar extent, regardless of dietary pattern. Nonetheless, overall diet quality and food selection appear to play a meaningful role in redox balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and eating behaviors markers in university students","authors":"Vanessa Amorim Peixoto ,&nbsp;André Eduardo Silva-Júnior ,&nbsp;Débora Cavalcante Ferro ,&nbsp;Micnéias Róberth Pereira ,&nbsp;Déborah Tenório da Costa Paula ,&nbsp;Dafiny Rodrigues Silva ,&nbsp;Mateus de Lima Macena ,&nbsp;Nassib Bezerra Bueno","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazilian university students face significant health challenges, with over one-third exceeding a healthy weight and Brazil experiencing the highest global prevalence of anxiety. We hypothesized that screening positive for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) would be associated with increased intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and unfavorable eating behaviors in this population. This cross-sectional study included 5,946 students (aged 18-59 years) from 94 Brazilian universities. GAD prevalence was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), while dietary markers and eating behaviors were evaluated via the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System tool. Our findings revealed a GAD prevalence of 42.3%. Students with GAD had higher consumption of hamburgers/processed meats (PR: 1.19; 95%CI: [1.10; 1.28]), sweetened beverages (PR: 1.12; 95%CI: [1.06; 1.18]), instant noodles/packaged snacks/savory biscuits (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: [1.13; 1.40]), and sandwich cookies/sweets/treats (PR: 1.14; 95%CI: [1.06; 1.22]), and lower consumption of vegetables (PR: 0.94; 95%CI: [0.90; 0.98]) compared to those without GAD. Additionally, those with GAD were more prone to eating in front of screens (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: [1.04; 1.10]), skipping breakfast (PR: 0.96; 95%CI: [0.93; 0.99]) and lunch (PR: 0.98; 95% CI: [0.98; 0.99]). In conclusion, GAD is probably associated with unhealthy eating behaviors in Brazilian university students. Highlighting the need for specific dietary monitoring and multifaceted care to improve health in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid and vitamin A intake in infants and toddlers (0-24 months) – sources, contribution to vitamin A requirements, and demographic patterns (NHANES 2015-2020)","authors":"Taegen Senawong ,&nbsp;Thuy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang Mirabile ,&nbsp;Katelyn E. Senkus ,&nbsp;Salma Musaad ,&nbsp;Nancy E. Moran","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments found predominantly in fruits and vegetables that contribute to vitamin A requirements and are associated with pediatric neurodevelopment. However, typical amounts and patterns of total carotenoid, pro-vitamin A carotenoid, and vitamin A intake in very young children are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to describe carotenoid and vitamin A intakes for U.S. children aged 0 to 6, &gt;6 to 12, and &gt;12 to 24 months of age; determine whether intake is significantly different among the 3 age groups; and determine if carotenoid intake patterns differ by demographic characteristics. Cross-sectional dietary intake and demographic data from 1035 infants and toddlers aged 0 to 24 months from the 2015–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed using binomial-gamma hurdle models. Vitamin A from food carotenoids (retinol activity equivalents) provided 19% of the adequate intake for the 0- to 6-month-olds and 36% for the 7- to 12-month-olds, and 57% of the recommended dietary allowance for the 12- to 24-month-olds. Age was associated with intakes of total vitamin A (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), retinol (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), total carotenoids (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), vitamin A from carotenoids (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), and provitamin A from carotenoids (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), after adjusting for sex, race, and poverty status. There was also a significant association of male sex with greater preformed vitamin A intake, and of poverty status with greater intake of preformed vitamin A and decreased vitamin A from carotenoids. Overall, “baby vegetables” were the greatest source of total carotenoid intake in the 0- to 6-month and 6- to 12-month groups, and “mixed dishes” in the 12- to 24-month group. In summary, young children’s carotenoid intake increases significantly with age, and provitamin A carotenoid intake contributes to their vitamin A requirements. “Baby vegetables,” and later, “mixed dishes” are the major sources of carotenoids during this life stage in the United States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fructose from added sugar beverages and foods is positively associated with homocysteine: NHANES 2003–2006","authors":"Minhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingxin Du ,&nbsp;Minghong Wang ,&nbsp;Sihong Chen ,&nbsp;Huan Ding ,&nbsp;Meifang Wei ,&nbsp;Congrui Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Geng ,&nbsp;Dong Lin ,&nbsp;Shen Tang ,&nbsp;Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Cailing Lu ,&nbsp;Xiyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of fructose on Hcy concentrations and whether fructose intake increases disease risk through elevated Hcy remains unclear. We hypothesized that fructose intake is related to Hcy concentrations, and Hcy acts as a mediator linking fructose with CVD and hypertension. We analyzed 2003 to 2006 NHANES data using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to examine the relationships between fructose intake from different food sources and Hcy concentrations, and to assess whether Hcy mediates the association between fructose intake and CVD or hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, Hcy concentrations were positively associated with the intake of all beverages and foods with added sugars that contain fructose, with an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01-1.48). RCS analyses showed a “J-shaped” association between Hcy concentrations and the intake of coffee/tea with added sugars, other foods (excluding coffee/tea) with added sugars, tomato catsup, and total juice. An “inverted U-shaped” association was observed with cake intake (all <em>P</em> &lt; .05). Hcy mediated the associations between 4 food sources of fructose (nondiet soft drinks, coffee/tea with added sugars, high-fructose corn syrup sweetened beverages, all beverages and foods with added sugars that contain fructose) and CVD (indirect effects [IE]: 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.04%, and 0.03%) and hypertension (IE: 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.20%, and 0.14%), all <em>P</em> &lt; .05. The findings suggested that various food sources of fructose are associated with Hcy concentrations, and Hcy mediates the relationship between fructose intake and CVD and hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 111-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}