Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"High air pollution exposure, vitamin D deficiency and ever smokers were associated with higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional study from the 2008–2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Jung Hyun Kwak ,&nbsp;Hyun Ja Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollutants directly and indirectly cause vitamin D deficiency (VDD). In addition, smoking increases oxidative stress and accelerates skin aging, thereby reducing the body's vitamin D concentration. Previous study reported that VDD increases total cholesterol concentration by reducing vitamin D receptor activity. We hypothesized that high air pollution exposure, smoking, and VDD would increase hypercholesterolemia. We investigated associations between long-term exposure to air pollutants, smoking status, VDD, and their combination with hypercholesterolemia using data from the 2008-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used linked data from the KNHANES to the daily moving average of air-pollution data from 730 days before the examination date, using participants’ addresses in latitude and longitude coordinates. Results were analyzed using a survey logistic regression model for complex sample analyses. We included 28,134 adults with data on serum vitamin D, cholesterol concentrations, smoking status, and air pollutant concentrations. After adjusting for potential covariates, adults with exposure to high concentrations of air pollutants and ever smokers showed significantly higher risks of VDD (odds ratios [ORs], 1.70; 95 % confidence intervals [CIs], 1.44-2.00). In the group with high air-pollutant exposure, adults with low vitamin D status and ever smokers had significantly higher risks of hypercholesterolemia (ORs, 1.55; 95 % CIs, 1.09-2.19) than adults with high vitamin D status and never smokers. We found that high air-pollutant exposure, ever smokers, and VDD may increase hypercholesterolemia prevalence in Korean adults. Therefore, to reduce hypercholesterolemia risk, adults living in areas with high air-pollution exposure may need adequate vitamin D intake and to avoid smoking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low and high glycemic index drinks differentially affect sleep polysomnography and memory consolidation: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Chantelle M. Gaylor ,&nbsp;Anthony Brennan ,&nbsp;Mark Blagrove ,&nbsp;Chloe Tulip ,&nbsp;Anthony Bloxham ,&nbsp;Stevie Williams ,&nbsp;Rory Tucker ,&nbsp;David Benton ,&nbsp;Hayley A. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited research has examined the effect of meal composition on sleep. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that a low glycemic index (LGI) drink containing 50 g isomaltulose (Palatinose, GI = 32) would result in more N3 sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and better memory consolidation than a high glycemic index (HGI) drink containing 50 g glucose (GI = 100). Healthy males (n = 20) attended the laboratory on three occasions at least a week apart (one acclimatization night and two test nights). Using a repeated measures, randomized, double-blind design, participants consumed a standardized evening meal followed four hours later by a HGI or LGI drink. Sleep architecture and continuity were assessed using polysomnography. Procedural and episodic memory were assessed pre- and post-sleep using a finger tapping task and story recall task, respectively. There was no main effect of drink. However, there was an interaction between drink and drink order. N3 sleep percentage was significantly longer (28.71% vs 23.99%, respectively, <em>p</em> = .032) and overnight retention of neutral story content was significantly better (0.63 words vs -10.13 words, respectively, <em>p</em> = .002) after the LGI drink than HGI drink, but only when the LGI drink was consumed on the second test night and HGI drink on the first test night. No changes in REM sleep were observed. Findings suggest that the nature of carbohydrate consumed before bed may influence sleep quality and quantity and neutral episodic memory consolidation. Pre-registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05591573).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized nutrition studies of human gut microbiome-polyphenol interactions utilizing continuous multistaged in vitro fermentation models–a narrative review","authors":"Shiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanmeng Niu ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms primarily inhabiting the human large intestine, plays a crucial role in human health. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut bacterial populations, has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Polyphenols are critical modulators of gut microbial composition and metabolism. However, the extent of polyphenol-induced modulation of the gut microbiome remains largely unexplored. <em>In vitro</em> models offer a convenient and ethical alternative to <em>in vivo</em> studies for investigating nutrient-gut microbiome interactions, facilitating easy sampling and controlled experimental conditions. Among these, continuous multistaged <em>in vitro</em> fermentation models, which simulate different sections of the human gastrointestinal tract (e.g., proximal colon, transverse colon, and distal colon), provide a more accurate representation of the human gut environment compared to single-batch fermentation. Various configurations of these multistaged models have been developed and widely employed in studies examining the effects of polyphenols on the gut microbiome. This review aims to summarize the different configurations of multistaged <em>in vitro</em> fermentation models and recent advancements in their development, highlight key aspects of experimental design, outline commonly used analytical workflows with complementary analyses, and review the restorative effects of polyphenol interventions on dysregulated gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 101-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study protocol, menu design, and rationale for a study testing the effects of a whole fruit-rich diet on glycemic control, liver fat, pancreatic fat, and cardiovascular health in adults with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Cody J. Hanick ,&nbsp;Kelly J. Berg ,&nbsp;W. Timothy Garvey ,&nbsp;Amy M. Goss ,&nbsp;Felicia L. Steger ,&nbsp;Joshua S. Richman ,&nbsp;Courtney M. Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary interventions such as very-low-calorie diets and low-carbohydrate diets can improve glycemic control and even induce type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission. However, less is known about the effects of carbohydrate-rich whole foods, such as whole fruit, in people with T2D. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to investigate the effects of a whole fruit-rich diet on glycemic control, ectopic fat, and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with T2D. In this pilot study, sixteen adults aged 20 to 70 years with insulin-independent T2D for ≤6 years will complete a 12-week controlled-feeding intervention while maintaining their weight. During the ramp-up phase (weeks 1-4), participants progressively consume more whole fruit. During weeks 5 to 12, participants eat a fruit-rich Mediterranean diet providing 50% of calories as whole fruit (∼16.4 servings/day). All outcomes are measured at weeks 0, 4, and 12. The primary outcome is glycemic control, assessed hierarchically by whether participants achieve nondiabetic glucose concentrations without antihyperglycemic medications; the total dose of antihyperglycemic medications; mean glucose during a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test; and mean 24-hour glucose from continuous glucose monitoring. Secondary outcomes include intrahepatic lipid, pancreatic fat, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum lipids. We hypothesize that a fruit-rich diet will improve glycemic control, reduce the need for antihyperglycemic medications, decrease ectopic fat, and improve cardiovascular risk factors. This novel study will help determine the effects of a whole fruit-rich diet on glycemic control and liver fat and whether diabetes remission may be possible without losing weight. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03758742).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 82-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory index predicts cancer mortality in male patients but not female patients: Results from NHANES 1999 to 2014","authors":"Junyi Shen ,&nbsp;Anqi Lin ,&nbsp;Aimin Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Xie ,&nbsp;Quan Cheng ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored sex differences between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer prognosis and their mechanisms. We hypothesized that association between dietary inflammatory index and cancer prognosis differs by sex. The study included 2874 adults with cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey covering 1999 to 2014. Mortality status was linked to National Death Index mortality data through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard risk and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) in male patients and female patients. Sex-specific cancer and nonsex-specific cancer subgroup analyses were performed, and the role of C-reactive protein in sex differences was analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer transcriptome data were combined to explore the biological mechanisms of the sex differences. Multivariate Cox regression showed higher DII in male patients correlated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard risk highest vs lowest quartile = 1.57 [95% confidence intervals 1.24-1.98]; <em>P</em> for trend &lt;.01), but not in female patients (<em>P</em> = .44). For sex-specific cancers, higher DII potentially correlated with increased mortality in prostate cancer (unadjusted <em>P</em> for trend = .04), but not in breast (<em>P</em> = .83), ovarian (<em>P</em> = .49), or cervical cancers (<em>P</em> = .91). In melanoma and colon cancer, higher DII correlated with increased mortality in male patients but not female patients. Serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 binding, interleukin-35 pathway, and programmed cell death protein 1 pathway may contribute to these sex differences. In conclusion, sex differences exist between DII and mortality risk in cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 52-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma metabolomics differentiating and predicting prognosis of coronary artery disease patients with distinct nutritional status","authors":"Chengyang Lai ,&nbsp;Yangchen Li ,&nbsp;Wenwei Luo ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Liming Peng ,&nbsp;Hanping Li ,&nbsp;Ju-e Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Xiao ,&nbsp;Shilong Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the metabolic mechanisms underlying the association between malnutrition and poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized that specific metabolites associated with nutritional status impact all-cause mortality and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in CAD patients. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the nutritional status of 5182 CAD patients from multiple centers using three nutritional risk screening tools and analyzed the impact on CAD outcomes with restricted cubic splines and Cox regression. Poor nutritional status was found to be linked to increased adverse outcomes. Further analysis using multiple linear regression and mediation analysis identified elevated concentrations of β-pseudouridine and dulcitol, and decreased concentrations of <span>l</span>-tryptophan and LPC (18:2/0:0), among other metabolites, as mediators of this association. Employing Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator for variable selection, we integrated these metabolites with clinical variables, which significantly improved the predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes. Our results highlight significant metabolic disparities in CAD patients based on nutritional status and provide novel insights into the role of nutrition-associated metabolites in CAD prognosis. These findings suggest that customized nutritional interventions targeting these metabolites could positively influence the progression of CAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond nutrition: The emerging therapeutic potential landscape of breast milk-derived extracellular vesicles","authors":"Hend Al-Jaber ,&nbsp;Rim Bacha ,&nbsp;Wafaa A. Al-Mannai ,&nbsp;Layla Al-Mansoori","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breastfeeding is widely recognized for its essential nutritional benefits and broader biological impacts. Beyond providing infants with a balanced mix of vitamins, proteins, and fats critical for growth and development, breast milk contains bioactive extracellular vesicles (BMEVs). These membrane-bound particles, rich in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, play a pivotal role in immune modulation, intercellular communication, and the overall development of the infant's immune system. This review explores the emerging therapeutic potential of BMEVs, highlighting their capacity to modulate recipient cell functions, influence immune responses, and contribute to overall infant health. Preclinical evidence suggests that these vesicles can prevent and manage conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis, allergies, and viral infections, which are common in early childhood. Furthermore, BMEVs offer promise as vehicles for targeted drug delivery, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Despite the growing body of evidence, challenges such as the need for standardized isolation methods, characterization techniques, and larger-scale clinical studies persist, hindering the translation of this research into clinical practice. This review addresses these challenges and discusses future directions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive mechanistic studies to fully realize the potential of BMEVs as novel therapeutic agents and biomarkers of health. Ultimately, these vesicles represent a promising frontier in maternal and child health, with potential applications extending far beyond traditional nutrition. By harnessing their unique properties, BMEVs could revolutionize infant care, offering new strategies for disease prevention and innovative therapeutic interventions that enhance infant health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the link between magnesium and diabetic neuropathy: Evidence from in vitro to clinical studies","authors":"Kannika Smithiseth ,&nbsp;Prangmalee Leurcharusmee ,&nbsp;Passakorn Sawaddiruk ,&nbsp;Nipon Chattipakorn ,&nbsp;Siriporn Chattipakorn","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes and the most common cause of neuropathic pain. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear, several studies have produced conflicting results regarding the link between magnesium (Mg) concentration and DN. This ambiguity raises questions about the potential benefits of Mg supplementation in individuals with DN. Therefore, this comprehensive review summarizes and discusses the evidence from clinical, <em>in vitro</em>, and <em>in vivo</em> studies on the association between Mg and DN. Several findings indicate that Mg depletion is linked to the presence of neuropathy in diabetic patients. Additionally, low Mg concentration may contribute to the onset or worsening of DN by promoting axonal degeneration through various pathways. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown that Mg supplementation can have neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest potential as an alternative or complementary therapy for preventing and treating DN in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 13-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Almond consumption for 8 weeks differentially modulates metabolomic responses to an acute glucose challenge compared to crackers in young adults","authors":"Jaapna Dhillon ,&nbsp;Saurabh Pandey ,&nbsp;John W. Newman ,&nbsp;Oliver Fiehn ,&nbsp;Rudy M. Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge after 8 weeks of almond or cracker consumption (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Young adults (n = 73, age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m²) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n = 38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 35) daily. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. We hypothesized that 8-week almond consumption would differentially modulate the metabolomic response to a glucose challenge compared to crackers. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response with higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides earlier in the oGTT followed by lower levels later in the almond vs cracker group (<em>p</em>-value &lt;.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC_{120 min} of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (<em>P</em>-value &lt;.05), but lower AUC_{120 min} of <span>l</span>-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (<em>P</em>-value &lt;.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC_{120 min} of CE 22:6 (<em>r</em> = -0.46; <em>P</em>-value &lt;.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (<em>r</em> = 0.45; <em>P</em>-value &lt;.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids: Inverse association with body fat percentage and obesity risk","authors":"Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Yuejiao Lan ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Yang ,&nbsp;Junzi Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Tianli Meng ,&nbsp;Mingda Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the association between the omega-6 and omega-3 intakes and body fat percentage (BF%), and the risk of obesity, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We hypothesized that increasing omega-3 or omega-6 intakes could reduce BF% and, consequently, the risk of obesity. Therefore, we utilized data from NHANES collected between 2011 and 2018, focusing on adults aged 20 to 59 years. Omega-3 and omega-6 intakes were categorized into tertiles, and weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to assess their association with BF%. The dose-response relationship was further analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) function. A total of 6372 adults were included in the study. Both omega-6 and omega-3 intakes were significantly lower in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> .05). Multivariable adjusted models demonstrated a significantly lower BF% among participants in the highest tertile of the omega-3 (β = −0.90, 95% CI: −1.25, −0.55, <em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> .001) and omega-6 group (β = −0.82, 95% CI :−1.17, −0.47, <em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> .001). An inverse correlation between the omega-3 and omega-6 intakes and BF% was observed <em>(P</em> <em>&lt;</em> .05), consistent across both genders. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis revealed a linear relationship between the omega-3 and omega-6 intakes and BF%, consistent across gender subgroups (<em>P</em> for nonlinear &gt; .05). These findings suggest that higher omega-3 and omega-6 intakes may contribute to reduced obesity risk by lowering BF%. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}