Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Intestinal-level anti-inflammatory bioactivities of whole wheat: Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, crossover dietary trial in adults with prediabetes","authors":"Sisi Cao ,&nbsp;Jillian T. Pierson ,&nbsp;Ariana H. Bond ,&nbsp;Shiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Andrew Gold ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn M. Zamary ,&nbsp;Palmer Moats ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Teegarden ,&nbsp;Devin G. Peterson ,&nbsp;Xiaokui Mo ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Richard S. Bruno","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate that whole wheat consumption improves glycemia. However, substantial inter-individual variation is often observed, highlighting that dietary whole grain recommendations may not support the health of all persons. The objective of this report is to describe the rationale and design of a planned RCT aimed at establishing the gut microbiota and metabolome signatures that predict whole wheat-mediated improvements in glucose tolerance in adults with prediabetes. It is hypothesized that a controlled diet containing wheat bread (WHEAT; 160 g/day) compared with refined bread (WHITE) will improve glucose tolerance in a gut microbiota-mediated manner. Biospecimens will be collected before and after each 2-week study arm. Testing for oral glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal permeability will be performed post-intervention. Assessments will include oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes including gut microbiota, targeted and untargeted metabolomics of fecal and plasma samples, intestinal and host inflammatory responses, and intestinal permeability. WHEAT is predicted to alleviate glucose intolerance by shifting microbiota composition to increase short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria while reducing populations implicated in intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and systemic endotoxemia. Further, benefits from WHEAT are anticipated to correlate with gut-level and systemic metabolomic responses that can help to explain the expected inter-individual variability in glucose tolerance. Thus, knowledge gained from integrating multi-omic responses associating with glucose tolerance could help to establish a precision nutrition-based framework that can alleviate cardiometabolic risk. This framework could inform novel dietary whole grain recommendations by enhancing our understanding of inter-individual responsiveness to whole grain consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher docosahexaenoic acid proportions in blood are inversely associated with the prevalence of prediabetes: Evidence from the UK Biobank","authors":"Jan Philipp Schuchardt ,&nbsp;Andreas Hahn ,&nbsp;Theresa Greupner ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Tintle ,&nbsp;Jason Westra ,&nbsp;William S. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus are growing global health concerns, predisposing individuals to various vascular complications. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary interventions, offer promising avenues for prevention and management. Using a multivariable-adjusted model, we analyzed the cross-sectional associations between plasma proportions (% of total fatty acids) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<em>n</em>3 PUFA, including total <em>n</em>3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], non-DHA <em>n</em>3 PUFA), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as the prevalence of prediabetes in a sample from the UK Biobank cohort. Our hypothesis was that proportions of <em>n</em>3 PUFA, especially DHA, would by inversely associated with the prediabetes prevalence. The sample (<em>n</em> = 92,762; 54.5% females) had an average age of 56 years and was overweight (mean body mass index = 27). The mean plasma DHA proportion in the sample was 2.03% (standard deviation [SD] = 0.67%), non-DHA <em>n</em>3 PUFA was 2.41% (SD = 1.02%) and total <em>n</em>3 PUFA was 4.43% (SD = 1.56%). Prediabetic individuals were identified by blood HbA1c proportions between 5.7% and 6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol) according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Each of the three <em>n</em>3 PUFA biomarkers was inversely associated with HbA1c proportions. In particular, DHA showed the strongest inverse association, with an OR of 0.62 (95% confidence intervals: 0.58, 0.67; <em>P</em> &lt; .001) when comparing quintiles 5 to 1 in a fully adjusted model. These findings suggest a potential protective role of <em>n</em>3 PUFA, particularly DHA, in mitigating the risk of having prediabetes. Further prospective investigations are needed to clarify whether long-chain <em>n</em>3 PUFA could function as modifiable factors for prediabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matter of the metric? Sugar content overestimation is less pronounced in sugar cubes versus grams","authors":"Laura M. König ,&nbsp;Harald T. Schupp ,&nbsp;Britta Renner","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To make healthy food choices, consumers need to be aware of the sugar content of foods. Units act as an environmental cue that might influence sugar content estimation accuracy. The present study (1) tested whether estimations of sugar content are more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, (2) compared accuracy of sugar content to estimations of the foods’ weight and energy content, and (3) investigated gender, education, and body mass index as potential correlates. A sample of 886 adults was randomly assigned to estimating the sugar content of 10 common foods in grams or cubes. Estimations of sugar content diverged considerably from actual values in both groups (0.22 ≤ Cohen's <em>d</em>s_gram_s ≤ 1.20; 0.20 ≤ Cohen's <em>d</em>s_cubes ≤ 1.10), but were more pronounced for sugar content estimations in grams in 7 out of 10 foods (<em>t</em>s ≥ 4.04, <em>P</em>s &lt; .001, Cohen's <em>d</em>s ≥ 0.14). Sugar content misestimation was somewhat more pronounced than misestimation of weight (0.05 ≤ Cohen's <em>d</em>s ≤ 1.43) and energy content (0.04 ≤ Cohen's <em>d</em>s ≤ 1.19). Relationships between sugar content misestimation and gender (0.00 ≤ Cohen's <em>d</em>s ≤ 0.33), education (–0.07 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.11), and body mass index (–0.08 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.06) were mostly negligible. Although sugar content estimations were somewhat more accurate in sugar cubes vs grams, estimation accuracy is generally low. In addition to promoting consumers’ knowledge through labeling and education, additional avenues for interventions might need to be explored for sizeable effects on food choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin type-2 diabetes model induces hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in male but not female C57BL/6J mice","authors":"Kathryn C. Racine ,&nbsp;Lisard Iglesias-Carres ,&nbsp;Jacob A. Herring ,&nbsp;Kristopher L. Wieland ,&nbsp;Peter N. Ellsworth ,&nbsp;Jeffery S. Tessem ,&nbsp;Mario G. Ferruzzi ,&nbsp;Colin D. Kay ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Neilson","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Translation of preclinical findings on the efficacy of dietary interventions for metabolic disease to human clinical studies is challenging due to the predominant use of male rodents in animal research. Our objective was to evaluate a combined high-fat (HF) diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) model for induction of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. We hypothesized that T2D biomarkers would differ significantly between sexes. Mice were administered either a low-fat (LF) diet (10% kcal from fat), or HF diet (60% kcal from fat) + STZ injections (30 mg/kg/d for 3 days). Both sexes gained weight and developed impaired postprandial oral glucose tolerance on the HF+STZ treatment compared to LF. Only male mice on HF + STZ developed fasting hyperglycemia, fasting hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, suggesting that the underlying causes of postprandial hyperglycemia differed between sexes. Principal component analysis of measures such as body weights, glucose and insulin concentrations indicated metabolic derangement for males only on HF+STZ treatment, while LF group males and both groups of females significantly overlapped. Based on our data, we accept our hypothesis that the combined high-fat diet and low-dose STZ model for T2D phenotypes differs significantly in its effect on mice based on sex. The HF diet + low-dose STZ model is not useful for studying insulin resistance in females. Other models are needed to model T2D, and study the effects of dietary interventions in this disease, in females. Sexual dimorphism remains a significant challenge for both preclinical and clinical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma niacin is inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes among Chinese adults","authors":"Xuyang Geng ,&nbsp;Zefang Lin ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiuping Lin ,&nbsp;Taoping Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Yao Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence is limited regarding the association of plasma niacin with the risk of hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes. We aimed to determine the relationship between plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid and hyperlipidemia in participants with/without diabetes. Plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between plasma niacin and hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes and nondiabetes in a cross-sectional study. Compared to the first quartile, plasma nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and niacin (nicotinamide plus nicotinic acid) were associated with a 54%, 50%, and 52% lower risk of hyperlipidemia in diabetic participants, respectively, but no significant association was observed in nondiabetic participants. These inverse associations persisted across subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. In addition, the fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among diabetic participants were 0.54 (0.38, 0.77) and 0.61 (0.44, 0.85), respectively, when comparing to the first quartile of plasma niacin concentrations (all <em>P_trend</em> &lt; .001). This study of 2647 participants observed that plasma niacin was inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in those with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphism is associated with increased risk of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Runyu Miao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Fang ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Yin ,&nbsp;Huifang Guan ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive case-control association studies have been conducted over the past few decades to investigate the relationship between MTHFR polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) microangiopathy. However, the strength of the evidence and clinical significance are unclear. Consequently, a meta-analysis was performed to examine the correlations between two prevalent MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms, MTHFR C677T and A1298C, and T2DM microangiopathy. Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP database, China Biology Medicine, and Wanfang until August 2023. A total of 42 studies were included. Random-effect models were utilized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and T2DM microangiopathy susceptibility. T2DM microangiopathy was significantly associated with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in the overall population (T vs C, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.25-1.64; TT + CT vs CC: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30-1.88; TT vs CT + CC: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.38-1.99; TT vs CC: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.58-2.60). Additionally, the dominant model revealed that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was associated with T2DM microangiopathy (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.47). This meta-analysis revealed that MTHFR may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM microangiopathy, providing a reference for early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"130 ","pages":"Pages 34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A higher dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake is associated with lower colorectal cancer risk based on MUC4 rs2246901 variant among Korean adults","authors":"Ha Thi Mien Nguyen ,&nbsp;Madhawa Gunathilake ,&nbsp;Jeonghee Lee ,&nbsp;Jae Hwan Oh ,&nbsp;Hee Jin Chang ,&nbsp;Dae Kyung Sohn ,&nbsp;Aesun Shin ,&nbsp;Jeongseon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3 [ALA]) intake may have a beneficial effect in reducing cancer risk; however, its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains conflicted. Additionally, ALA was emphasized as being associated with mucins, an important glycoproteins family within the intestine. Thus, we hypothesized that a higher dietary ALA intake may reduce the risk of CRC and this preventive effect has an interaction with mucin 4 (<em>MUC4</em>) rs2246901. We conducted a case-control study at the National Cancer Center in Korea, involving 1039 cases and 1982 controls, aiming to determine the interaction of the <em>MUC4</em> rs2246901 polymorphism and ALA intake in CRC risk. Dietary ALA intake was collected via semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), categorizing by 4 quartiles. We evaluated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through unconditional logistic regression models. Higher dietary ALA intake was found to be inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45–0.75, <em>P</em> for trend &lt; .001). No significant association between <em>MUC4</em> rs2246901 polymorphism and CRC risk was found. In a recessive model, <em>MUC4</em> rs2246901 seemed to modify this association; participants with at least 1 major allele and higher ALA intake had a significantly lower CRC risk than those who had a lower intake (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.43–0.72; <em>P</em> interaction = .047). A higher dietary ALA was proposed as a potential protective nutrient against CRC. Moreover, this association might be influenced by presence of the <em>MUC4</em> rs2246901 polymorphism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sucrose diets protect long-term memory and EPA & DHA enriched diets alter insulin resistance in a mouse model of chemotherapy","authors":"Kate Ormiston ,&nbsp;Julie Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Rebecca Andridge ,&nbsp;Maryam B. Lustberg ,&nbsp;Anne Courtney DeVries ,&nbsp;Tonya S. Orchard","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and affective symptoms negatively impact quality of life in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of high eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and low sucrose diets to alleviate these symptoms in a mouse model of chemotherapy. Potential mechanisms involving insulin resistance were explored. We hypothesized that diets enriched in EPA+DHA and low amounts of sucrose would protect against the impact of chemotherapy on measures of CRCI. Female C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to 1 of 4 diets (2% kcal eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid [EPA+DHA]/high or low sucrose, low omega-3/high or low sucrose) for 6 weeks and treated with two injections of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy or vehicle during week 2 and 4. Behavioral tests were performed 7 days after second injection. Chemotherapy increased serum insulin and decreased body weight, locomotion and exploratory behavior (all <em>p</em> &lt; .05). Low sucrose consumption resulted in better long-term memory regardless of chemotherapy or vehicle injection (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). 2% EPA+DHA consumption lessened insulin resistance (<em>p</em> &lt; .05); however, controlling for body weight attenuated this effect (<em>p</em> = .08). There were no significant differences by diet or injection on liver lipid content; however, liver lipid content was positively correlated with insulin resistance scores (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). Low sucrose diets may protect long-term memory during chemotherapy. The effect of EPA+DHA on insulin resistance and affective side effects during chemotherapy requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and infant brain development: role of gut microbiome","authors":"Xi Fang ,&nbsp;Soon Lee ,&nbsp;Srujana Rayalam ,&nbsp;Hea Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perinatal stage represents a critical period for brain development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid preferentially accumulated in the brain that may benefit neurodevelopment. Microbial colonization and maturation parallel with the rapid development of infant metabolic and brain function that may influence the effects of DHA on neurological development. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the mediating effects of DHA on brain and gut microbiome development and attempts to reevaluate the efficacy of DHA from a gut microbiome–mediated perspective. Specifically, the regulatory roles of DHA on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, and neuroactive mediators may be partly moderated through gut microbiome. Consideration of the gut microbiome and gut–brain communication, when evaluating the efficacy of DHA, may provide new insights in better understanding the mechanisms of DHA and impart advantages to future development of nutritional therapy based on the nutrient-microbiome interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar changes in diet quality indices, but not nutrients, among African American participants randomized to follow one of the three dietary patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines: A secondary analysis","authors":"Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy ,&nbsp;Michael D. Wirth ,&nbsp;Nkechi Okpara ,&nbsp;Mary Jones ,&nbsp;Yesil Kim ,&nbsp;Sara Wilcox ,&nbsp;Daniela B. Friedman ,&nbsp;Mark A. Sarzynski ,&nbsp;Angela D. Liese","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between diet quality, nutrients, and health outcomes among participants in the Dietary Guidelines: 3 Diets study (3-group randomized 12-week intervention; African American; Southeastern virtual teaching kitchen). Participants (<em>n</em> = 63; ages 18-65 y, BMI 25-49.9 kg/m²) were randomized to the Healthy U.S. (H-US), Mediterranean (Med), or Vegetarian (Veg) groups. Hypotheses tested included (1) that the more plant-based diet patterns (Veg and Med) would have greater improvements in all diet quality indices (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED), healthy Plant-based Dietary Index (hPDI) assessed via three dietary recalls) as compared to the H-US pattern and (2) that each index would separately predict changes in weight loss, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure (BP). None of the group-by-time interactions for any of the diet indices were significant. Compared to the H-US group, Veg participants had greater increases in fiber (difference between groups 5.72 ± 2.10 5 g/day; <em>P</em> = .01), riboflavin (0.38 ± 0.19 mg/day; <em>P</em> = .05), and folate (87.39 ± 40.36 mcg/day; <em>P</em> = .03). For every one-point increase in hPDI, there was a 1.62 ± 0.58 mmHg decrease in systolic BP, for every one-point increase in aMED there was a 1.45 ± 0.70 mmHg decrease in diastolic BP, and for every one-point increase in hPDI, there was a 1.15 ± 0.38 mmHg decrease in diastolic BP. Findings indicate that there is significant overlap in the dietary recommendations of the three dietary patterns presented in the USDG and similarities in how African American adults adopt those diet patterns.</div><div><strong>Clinical Trials registry at clinicaltrials.gov:</strong><span><span>NCT04981847</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}